采集不同地点紫椴花和果实,通过系统预试验,检测出紫椴花及花蕾中含有较多的酚类、糖和甙类,还检测到黄酮类化合物、蛋白质、香豆素及强心甙等,在花蕾中还含有少量鞣质。紫椴果实中含有酚类、糖和甙类,还含有少量黄酮化合物、香豆素和鞣质。对不同纬度和海拔紫椴花和果实中可溶性糖、总酚和黄酮的含量进行分析,发现3类化学成分含量随纬度、海拔的变化存在一定的变化规律。除花中总酚含量差异不显著外,紫椴花和果实中其他化学成分含量随着纬度升高而降低,随着海拔升高而增高。紫椴花中可溶性糖含量明显高于果实,其他化学成分在花和果实中的含量接近。化学成分含量聚类分析与遗传距离聚类分析比较表明:化学成分含量变异在纬度上是不连续的,在海拔梯度上是连续的。
There were much hydroxybenzenes, polysaccharides, glucosides, flavone compounds found in flowers and the buds of Tilia amurensis, and proteins, coumarins and cardiac glycosides were also detected by systematically pretesting the chemical composition. In addition, tannins were found in buds. Hydroxybenzenes, polysaccharides, glucosides, flavones, coumarins and tannins were detected in fruits. The contents of soluble sugars, total phenolics and flavones in flowers and fruits of T. amurensis at different latitudes and elevations were investigated, and the results indicated that the contents of the three compositions varied with the latitude and elevation. Except total phenolics in flowers, the contents of other compositions in flowers and fruits decreased with increasing latitude and elevation. The content of soluble sugars in flowers was obvious higher than that in fruits, while other chemical composition contents were similar in flowers to that in fruits. By comparing the clustering analysis on the chemical compositions and genetic distance analysis of T. amurensis, we found that the variations of the content of chemical compositions were discontinuous at latitudes gradients while they are continuous at different elevation gradients.
全 文 :! !"" ! !#
# $ $ %$ ! %
& ’ ( )
&’()*+(, &(-.,) &(*(’,)
./01!"**/1!
,234*
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
# $ $ %
~FR)UB;)y0Ov&’:(
|"} y ~ ! " #"$
) 6<;)y056~JHNLM7:;_b_[7:;hiS6R=Fa56’(#GX]*~FR)UB=
v3;)y056~yJHYhlDm*~yLMYhlRhS~FR=R,np56WGh$UB*v3;)
y0bR)UB=756{|S;)y056d<0Rxlm.jd<0R9]VWX;)y056:(bJH
kc#zT7*bLMKHkczT7S
$%&X ~Fa;)y0aR,npa^ *aFaa&’:(
’()*+#7%!8 ,-./0#, ,12+#5$$5 9 :!883#$$%4$! 9 $$!; 9 $:
>?@#X#$$8 9 $: 9 #!S
ABCDXV!xE(HL|OaCD<<=$:=6$6 9 $6GS
!"#$%&’( !)$*)+%,%)-+ ’-. /#)01’*"%& 2’1%’,%)- %- 3()4#1+ ’-. 315%,+ )6 !"#"$ $%&’()*"*
>? -@A@BCD EFGCD H@BC IBCD JBCD -@? -@2@CD
78+,1’&,X +FG3G KG3G L?MF FNO3/PNQGCRGCGS*2/0NSBMMFB3@OGS*D0?M/S@OGS*T0BU/CG M/L2/?COS T/?CO @C T0/KG3S BCO VFG Q?OS
/T 1-2-’ ’34#&,(-(*BCO 23/VG@CS*M/?LB3@CS BCO MB3O@BM D0NM/S@OGS KG3G B0S/ OGVGMVGO QN SNSVGLBV@MB00N 23GWVGSV@CD VFG MFGL@MB0
M/L2/S@V@/C 4 (C BOO@V@/C*VBCC@CS KG3G T/?CO @C Q?OS4 XNO3/PNQGCRGCGS*2/0NSBMMFB3@OGS*D0?M/S@OGS*T0BU/CGS*M/?LB3@CS BCO
VBCC@CS KG3G OGVGMVGO @C T3?@VS 4 +FG M/CVGCVS /T S/0?Q0G S?DB3S*V/VB0 2FGC/0@MS BCO T0BU/CGS @C T0/KG3S BCO T3?@VS /T 1 4 ’34#&,(-(
BV O@TTG3GCV 0BV@V?OGS BCO G0GUBV@/CS KG3G @CUGSV@DBVGO*BCO VFG 3GS?0VS @CO@MBVGO VFBV VFG M/CVGCVS /T VFG VF3GG M/L2/S@V@/CS UB3@GO
K@VF VFG 0BV@V?OG BCO G0GUBV@/C4 )PMG2V V/VB0 2FGC/0@MS @C T0/KG3S*VFG M/CVGCVS /T /VFG3 M/L2/S@V@/CS @C T0/KG3S BCO T3?@VS
OGM3GBSGO K@VF @CM3GBS@CD 0BV@V?OG BCO G0GUBV@/C4 +FG M/CVGCV /T S/0?Q0G S?DB3S @C T0/KG3S KBS /QU@/?S F@DFG3 VFBC VFBV @C T3?@VS*
KF@0G /VFG3 MFGL@MB0 M/L2/S@V@/C M/CVGCVS KG3G S@L@0B3 @C T0/KG3S V/ VFBV @C T3?@VS 4 =N M/L2B3@CD VFG M0?SVG3@CD BCB0NS@S /C VFG
MFGL@MB0 M/L2/S@V@/CS BCO DGCGV@M O@SVBCMG BCB0NS@S /T 1 4 ’34#&,(-(*KG T/?CO VFBV VFG UB3@BV@/CS /T VFG M/CVGCV /T MFGL@MB0
M/L2/S@V@/CS KG3G O@SM/CV@C?/?S BV 0BV@V?OGS D3BO@GCVS KF@0G VFGN B3G M/CV@C?/?S BV O@TTG3GCV G0GUBV@/C D3BO@GCVS 4
9#: 4)1.+X 1-2-’ ’34#&,(-(aMFGL@MB0 M/L2/S@V@/CaS/0?Q0G S?DB3SaT0BU/CGaV/VB0 2FGC/0@MaDG/D3B2F@M UB3@BV@/C
&’:(cQb_"8/0$-’*#$&-
&clmnc3’(7*V)bb9lMNd’d9
HnNdeUOHIk<@;y*5%%#G*JvcQJ
r/7b9N;)y0Nd’NQ^)d9H}b#
$&-7’(SDx?@Jr;)y07&’:(
jk*_@#;)y07/<)56C/PQ*+9
w[+DwU*^ 7&d%1(*+,a$@*I;
)y07&’:(jkPQd<0R*^ Jr70
’2 4*#$$:GS
~F< 1-2-’ ’34#&,(-(GcF8(<+@0@BMGBGGF8
y<1-2-’G723w3{c*#4cX%7O28/*
l4cD(‘bPOucWP7-Ni’a8bD
C*‘NN‘On]5*W?5]W*R#J$PJ*
kp
Tl-!"*R2UfVNW_)lX_1S
^_I~FRNRGOUB7;)y0PQt
uVRC*pqw[v;)y0SJ=H[~FRN
UB=R,npNFa)^*756*;,@*&I
7JH)LM#$*0RJH)LMI~FRNUB
=R,npNFa)^*567/0*6#^~FR
)UBS"’:7|UOK")Si@*&I7w
[(*’u+,S
! i’xCs
!"! "#$K
VRCc"7~FRNRGOUBB@1tl
&’))MJ’Otl&’))"#$RC&5S
~FRG)R@1 "##$$ %%!u &%p*UB@
1 "##$$ ’%S@Y47RGNR)UBb(# )7
CM’Cs *( +*DE*N"S
"$0RR,npNFa)^*56’(7~
FR)UB0>$ "##$$ &%) ’%@1z(E
Z[N1MNH-N%&E*EB&’3K&B&
5N%&Ee{N1MNH-NV!xE(A&’3
xt&5NV!xE\K&’3JL5&5N’Y&
12-)t8&’3&)&5SJHxI *"*L
MxI * "
BR8pUB !## , "## -2bb_,*b (# )7C
M’Cs *( +*DE*N"S
5 ! wx[_\]:^Nc8_
#$%&! ! & "#$%&’()( ’(’)*$+,(-. $+ /,00121-+ *$+,+)/1.
B{
./0123
/a
45162/7859
JH
:/7876;3<
=23>/7859?0
R *EB :6@+68 A8>3B *"C%DE<*"ED&FD*GG %## , %"#
H25I3B (A <89-J/9 **CD$E<**E"!F#%GG $!# , $"#
\K K528 *$CE<*$E*!F$DGG D’# , *!#
)t8 L/M/9-@+6 $#C#*E<$#E#"F"DGG "’# , D##
UB Z[N H39-+6/9- N5697/89 *#C*!E<*#E"*FD(GG $%# , $(#
HB687 *EB :6@+68 A8>3B *"C$&E<*"ED*F"%GG &"# , &*#
(A <89-J/9 **CD$E<**E"!F!#GG *’# , $!#
V[ O89P89- *(CD*E<*(E"#FD#GG D$# , D
UN .+39-@+/9 N5697/89 *’C*(E<*’E"(F*%GG *## , *!#
5 3 wx‘a\]:^Nc8_
#$%&3 ! & "#$%&’()( ’(’)*$+,(-. $+ /,00121-+ 1*14$+,(-.
B{
./0123
/a
45162/7859
LM
=23>/7859?0
JH
:/7876;3<
~FRNRG)UB;)y0tuVRC@"
^%_1<"##%GCs*80NE(Bw’H7pNH
9\s<&_$*!’(’GS^*56H[%?bic
1<"###GCs*Fa56H[%? 4B8S3 1O TB/+/0!"5 z=)f@-bcd
~F;)y0~JHNUH)LM7:;0R
@" =RS325?auO0R@" .4.. !%C#5?at
ud<0R@" .UQUV.UVWQ5?S
" TUx0R
3"! \]eWefD.g’PBh’)
bE(w)’Ha~FRNRGOUB=53
p)H<
+,(Bw7’HTUVW~FRNRGOU
B=a<56]hSb~FRORG=;’Ha^
*<;br*lb~FUB==W’Ha*b^*5
60R=U)~FUB=553W6^*<;b
r*wWv56>ml#Z6’HaSo]*~F
RNRGOUB=’53W6qGz)’Y<*bR
)RG=*’’Ha5DH
#$%&5 61+127,-$+,(- (0 +81 9817,9$* 9(7’(.,+,(-. ,- +81
:$+12 1;+2$9+. (0 ! & "#$%&’()( 0*(:12.l%)/. $-/ 02),+.
;)y0
W+308S/2 S5015@87859
’HCs
L373S78>3 037+5;
R
H25I3B
RG
H25I3B X6;
UB
HB687
p)H<
./SS+/B8;3 /9;
-2MS5@8;3@
G&RC
H3+289-q@ @5267859
/-397
Y Y Y Y
!ZdaRC
![9/1+7+52 73@7
Y Y Y Y
‘H<
./15989@
efRC
H5/089- 73@7 Z Z Z
I(<
U/9989@
g;h ZW‘RC
.5;860 S+25B8;3[-3273@7 Z Y Y
"ArN7W
)!{(
Q0895 /S8;3*
13178;3@ /9; 1B57389
p-i-RC
\3/7 75 1B3S8187/7859
73@7 Z Z Z
jN*RC
<89+M;B89 73@7 Y Z Z
3#r
]B-/98S /S8;
1\Rk’H
1\ 73@7 $ , %
" Y Y VhTU^WG7
Y VhTU^
N3/9@ 93-/78>3 B3@627 _z$ U+3 @/03 X325I_
&*! *# QQR1X~FR)UB;)y0Ov&’:(
5 ! mnMNjaXP\]eWefZ.g’k=Bh’)
"#$%! &’(’)*+,#(+-, -. (/’ 0/’*+0#1 0-*2-3+(+-,3 +, (/’ ’(/#,-1 ’4()#0(3 -. ! % "#$%&’()( .1-5’)3l$673 #,7 .)6+(3
;)y0
!"#$%&’( &)$*)+%,%)-
’HCs
.#,#&,%/# $#,")0
R
1()2#3
RG
1()2#3 450
UB
135%,
drt<
6(7’()%0
%lrRC
8%&3%& ’&%0 ,#+,
9 9 9
IrRC
:’--%& ’&%0 ,#+,
9 9 9
a<
8)(;*"#-)(%&+
Ng;iRC
!"()3%0# <#33%& ,#+,
= = = = = =
Ng;i 9im;LRC
!"()3%0# <#33%&><#33%&;’-’,5$ 7’(%5$ ,#+,
= = = = = =
-\;nbRC
.%’?),%?’,%)- ,) &)-@5A’,# ,#+,
= = = = = =
^*<;br
1(’/)-)%0+
sr 9oDRC
B;03)&"()3%& ’&%0>$’A ’A#-,
= = 9
"pRC
15$# ’$$)-%’ ,#+,
= = 9
+a<;br
6-,"3’C5%-)-#+
qntRC
!’5+,%& ’(7’(% ,#+,
9 9 9
rroRC
D’A-#+%5$ ’,’,# ,#+,
9 9 9
qGzO’o<
!)5$’3%- ’-0 (’&,)-#
(^sriRC
B;03)E’$%& <#33%& ,#+,
9 9 9
’Y;br|w~wRC
F’&,)-# 3%-A &(#’/’A# ’-0 &()+53# ,#+,
= = =
-\;nbRC
.%’?),%?’,%)- ,) &)-@5A’,# ,#+,
= = =
5DH<
!’30%),)-%& A(;&)+%0#
tn G*H 95tAu)rRC
6(7’(%-%,; G*H>0%-%,3)4#-?)%& ’&%0 ,#+,
= = 9
tn%lrRC
6(7’(%-%,; *%&3%& ’&%0 ,#+,
= = 9
!9O&pRC
!>0#)E;+5A’3 ,#+,
9 9 9
U I #$JHR,np56’(
1%AJ I .%<<#3#- )< +)(54(# +5A’3 &)-,#-, ’, 0%<<#3#-, (’,%,50#+
6K ~FR 1()2#3+ )< ! J "#$%&’()(aLK ~FUB 135%,+ )< ! J "#$%&’()( J k:#$GeVh’(GX<.5-&’-s7-9] * M NKNHGS
D#’-+ %-0%&’,#0 4; 0%<<#3#-, (#,,#3+ ’3# +,’,%+,%&’((; +%A-%<%&’-,<.5-&’-q+ $5(,%*(# 3’-A# ,#+,** M NKNHGJ z$ :"# +’$# 4#()2J
898 wx[_\]eD.g’Bh’)PA’
OKOKI FG9H-.ABI ~FR=R,np
56b#$JH{&’(9]GX*b(A]h**
EB]m*l\K))t8{&7R=R,np5
6’(#GX<* P NKNHG*~FRR,np56~
JH:;#WG6~JHYhc![\Dm*":;’(#GX<*
P NKNHG*bZ[N)(A*~FUB=R,np5
6|h*V[0%**EB)UN]mFR=R,np56h*9UB=hF_"A6C
QR & ’ ( ) RH"
"#"#" JK-.ABI )t8&-~FR=F
a56+m*v3 $"&-~FR=Fa56’(
#GX]GX+m*8~yJH7Yh^zD[\U " #$JHFa56’(
*+,- " .+//010230 4/ 50246+3 34754829: 342;02; <; 9+//0102; 6<;+;890:
"#"#$ LM-.ABI ~yJH7Yh*~FR
)UB=^*56B^)Dm[\=^*56b*EBN\K)(A $&-7:;#
)*lb)t8{D=9WGm$v3 $ "&-
&-WGh$v3&-+mU $ #$JH^*56’(
*+,- $ .+//010230 4/ /6<=424+9: 342;02; <; 9+//0102; 6<;+;890:
U > #$JH;)y056d*+,- > ?68:;01 @<:0 42 3A07+3<6 34754:+;+42: 342;02; <; 9+//0102; 6<;+;890:
"#"#> 1NOP-.QRPS #$JH~FR
=;)y056d<0RTU%GVWX>"~
F/aR0^ ")<*(A~F/a}h^_<**
EBN\K))t8d^_<*v=*EB))t8
"&I~F/a;)y056${|S#$JH~
F/aUB;)y056d<0R)GVWX(
"/aR0^ ")<*Z[N~F/a}h^_<*
v3 >"/add^_<*v=(AxV[ "/a
B>! ># QQR1X~FR)UB;)y0Ov&’:(
;)y056+^{|*v0^*EB/aS~F
R)UB;)y0567’(t39JH.jld
<*bJHKHkc#zT7!"# wx‘a\]eD.g’Bh’)PA’
"#$#% FG9H-.ABI ~FR)UB=R
,np56~LM7Yh^)Rh7[\~FR=R,np56bLM ’(( )+m*v3 $
"LM56{|S~FU=R,np56bLM
*((+ ,(( ) {|*bLM % ((( ) WGRh< ! -
(#(&GS~FR=R,np56]h*9UB=h_
"A6CU & #$LMR,np56’(
./01 & 2/33454674 83 98:;<:4 9;0=5 786>46> => ?/334546> 4:4@=>/869
"#$#" JK-.ABI ~FR=Fa56bw
LM7’(#)mSlUB=Fa56:;’(GX~yLM7YhlWGRhU ’ #$LMFa56’(
./01 ’ 2/33454674 83 D468:/7 78)D8;6?9 786>46> => ?/334546> 4:4@=>/869
"#$#$ LM-.ABI wLM~FR)UB=
^*56’(GX^)Rh7[\U * #$LM^*56’(
./01 * 2/33454674 83 3:=@868/?9 786>46> => ?/334546> 4:4@=>/869
"#$#! T5UV1NOP-.QRPS #$L
M~FR;)y056d<0RTUVWX! "L
M7~F/aR0^ " )<*’(( )LM/a}h
d^_<*v3 $"LM7/ad^_<*v= B((
(& & ’ ( ) !&"
) !"" # LM7 $ "/a{|M~FUB;)y056d
<*v3 )"LM7/ad^_<*l *"") +"" #
LM7 $ "/a;)y056$^{|#U %=R6kF~FR)UB;)y0567’
(A^9LMld<*bLMKHkczT7S
U % #$LM;)y056d-./0 % 1234567 8946 :; <=6#.<92 <:#>:4.5.:;4 <:;56;5 95 ?.@@676;5 626A95.:;4
) Tuxvu
^?@pqH[~FRNRG)UB=537
;)y0*’HF~FRORG=53]7a
5DH*bRG=’53W6I(S~FUB=5
53a
2Jr_‘*p
wNDho<)x^1*$""+aB.3 !" #$ 0*$"")aC=9;/
!" #$ 0*$"")GO./VFC/x3-)UK<@y3
1*$""+GSa
e1*$""’G*p‘&;<^}1*$""*a-3E3#:5: !"
#$ 0*$"""GN‘Idr)@cnN‘U_N~lO6e
O_s
H1y0SqGz<;brx3WG7dr)c
n*p‘ GHIN‘"N‘qhN‘dzcn<.#$1*
$""JGN‘U_cnN‘IdrcnO‘=Bcn1S
l]*5DHc_
n.7Sr*c_
b*I$?@~FRNRGSK7v-N*Tv5D
HN^ *<;br1S
I#$JH)LM7~FR)UB=R,n
pNFa)^*756PQ0R*U) )/;)y0
56~JHNLM7Yh_b_[7:;hiX~
JH7Yh*^ )Dm[\a~LM7Yh*^ )R
h[\S~FR=R,np569UB=756h
_"A6C*v3;)y0bR)UB=756{
|SI~F/aR)UB=;)y0567d<0
RR7X~F/aR)UB;)y0567:(b
JHKHkc#zT7*lbLMKHk9V)^
&’.j{|7
E F , -
^%_*)/‘*^/U*1 0 $""*K ^R:(^*;)y0VRO
drty0pq0R 0 Klb&(H)))4X1M()f*)’
<’GX+* L +%0
&_$ 0 (!%!K v"7K/+*9\[ps79])sP 0 Jrd
’)Jv*$J<’GXJ) L JJ0
^ }*h +*, n*1 0 $""*K ^*<;br‘&;cn7~
K|t 0 kD()*$+<$GX$)) L $)+0
)x^*E-4*k.y 0 $""+K Jr7p7DhpxDho!" 0
kD()*$%<("GXJ!* L *""0
QQR*"Q**A +*1 0 $""%K #$&’0$-7~Fb9T
~ 0 tl&’)))4*)*<(GX* L !0
{|e*v/0*B12*1 0 $""’K ^*<;br7d’cnOv
0NHW?@P} 0 kD()*$J<$GX$") L $"+0
bic*~R! 0 $"""K 3^O#$40D=F^*)7p560
R 0 =>=S;a*$J<(GX$J L $%0
@;y 0 (!!$K D3&’:()/2xy 0 l/X=>&’Ffy*
( L JJ0
@y3*5B6*T *1 0 $""+K j877p./VF!"7?
@ 0 kDxdrHW)4*$*<*GX)* L )!0
@!(*&n8*9M:*1 0 $""*K ;)eJr;)VRO‘j3
Ks7;)y0’W 0 =<==S;a*)X(" L ()0
.G4*T>f 0 $""JK Xh?@5DH(BCs7?@ 0 R+-.
(J! ’# QQR1X~FR)UB;)y0Ov&’:(
b’)))4*!!<"GX# $ !!%
.>[*W_O*) g % &’’() A83D&’:(7?@ % JrX
2xwU)4*!*.#$*B &*h_i*1 % &’’*) qGz<;brdr)cn?
@P} % =>=S;a*"’<(GX+!’ $ +!+%
d6| % !#,() V!x8ca % "#$XV!x()HWFfy*
+ $ +"" %
-./.0121 3 4*56776 8% &’’’) 9::;::<=> 6=2<1?<@6=2 6=@ AB11?<@6=2
6C2
8B6F60 L M% !##&) N26O
3<. N P*M1=> Q 8*Q. M -*!" #$ % &’’") PB12;C2
NF6=> H* H<6 L S*Q6=> T U% &’’K) 4;:;6BCF;: 1= C1BB;G62<1= 6=@
>;1>B6AF
86:2B1;=2;B1G1>J*#<#GX!#(" $ !#(K%
U6:./67. Z*W6/6=1B< 5*5<2:.>. U% &’’") 9 AF;=1G
O12F 6G/JG 6=@ A;B1?J B6@
!"#$% WXY)
&* & ’ ( ) +*"