摘 要 ：在黑龙江、吉林和辽宁省的杨树上普遍存在着冰核活性(INA)细菌,经测定它们能在-4℃～-6℃温度下产生冰核活性。它们分属于3个属5个种或变种,即:菠萝泛生氏菌(Pantoea ananas Serano 1928)、噬夏孢子欧文氏菌(Erwinia uredovora (Pon et al.)Dye 1963)、丁香假单胞菌(Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae Van Hal 1902)、丁香假单胞菌流泪致病变种(P.syringae pv.lachrymans (Smith&Bryan)Dye1978)和丁香假单胞菌未定变种(P.syringae pvs.)。自然条件下INA细菌增加了杨树的冻害;冻害的主要时期是在早春杨树萌芽阶段。在由真菌Dothiorela gregaria Sacc.引起的大斑型溃疡病病斑中分离到的INA细菌数量最多;而同一真菌引起的水泡型溃疡病病斑中分离到的INA细菌数量最少。在杨树干上接种INA细菌并经冷冻处理后,增加了D.gregaria 的侵染,形成大斑型溃疡。证明冻伤和其它伤口是D.gregaria 形成大斑型溃疡病斑的主要原因。提出了对INA细菌造成的杨树冻害和真菌性溃疡病进行综合治理的建议。
Abstract:In Heilongj iang，Jilin and Liaoning Provinces，the distributions of Ice Nucleation Active (INA)bacteria on poplar trees were universal．The bacteria produced INA under-4℃～-6℃temperature． They belonged to 3 genera and 5 species or varieties：Pantoea ananas Serrabo；Erwinia uredovora(pon et al．)Dye；Pseudomonas syringae pv．syringae Van Hall；P．Syringae pv．lachrymans(Smith & Bryan) Dye and P．Syringae pvs．．In nature，freezing inj ury of poplar trees can be increased by INA bacteria． The duration produced freezing injury by INA bacteria was the early stage of poplar tree buds sprouting in spring．Most of INA bacteria strains were isolated from large lesion cankers caused by Dothiorella gregaria Sacc..Lowest of INA bacteria strains were isolated from blister lesion cankers caused by the same fungus． After inoculation of INA bacteia and freezing at -6℃temperature 6 h，the incidence infected by D． Gregaria was increased and large lesion cankers were formed．It proved that，the freezing injury and otherwounds are the major reasons to form the large lesion cankers caused by D．Gregaria．It is suggested that integrated control are necessary to the freezing inj ury caused by INA bacteria and canker caused by D． Gregaria on poplar trees．