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Studies on Postlmrvest Senescence Physiology of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino.

白菜采后衰老生理的研究


The ethylene production of ‘Zaoyoudong’ Chinese cabbage [Brassica campestris L.ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino. var. communis] tended to decline, the weight-loss increased rapidly,and respiration rate showed a climacteric-like pattern with climacteric on 6th day in the duration of storage under the conditions of (20±1) ℃。85%-95% relative humidity.The content of chlorophyll,soluble proteins and carotenoid in outer lcaves decreased more rapidly than that in inner lcaves during storage.In outer leaves there were marked chan ges in
supemxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities and the activities of the two enzymes decreased rapidly after 4 days of storage with a mole obvious decrease in CAT activity.Pemxidase(PoD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content increased gradually and then rose sharply after 6 days and 4 days of storage, respectively,indicating an inbalanced metabolism of activated oxygen occurred and resultant accumulation in activated oxygen was
associated with membrane lipid pemxidation.In inner lcaves the activities of both SOD and CAT were at high level and varied very little while POD activity didn’t increased significantly。but MDA concentration declined a little. These data indicated a balance between the production and elimination of activated oxygen existed in iBrier lcaves prevented the accumulation in activated oxygen and the progress of me mb rane lipid pemxidation. It could be concluded that the senescence of B.chinensis var.commumis was caused by maladjusted metabolism of activated oxygen with outer leaves being senesced much easier than inner leaves, therefore, the key factor for storage of Chinese cabbage is to delay the senescence in outer leaves.


全 文 : 艺 学 报 2003,30(3):335~337
Acta Hottieu]turae&reca
白菜采后衰老生理的研究
侯建设 ,2 席屿芳 余 挺
(。浙江大学食品科学系,杭州 310029; 海军医学研究所 ,上海 200433;。杭州娃哈哈集团有限公司,杭州 310018)
摘 要 :‘早油冬’白菜采后在 (20±1)oC、85%~95%相对湿度条件下贮藏时,乙烯释放量呈下降趋
势,失重率迅速升高,呼吸速率先下降后上升,于第6天形成呼吸高峰。外叶叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质和类
胡萝 卜素含量下降比内叶快。外叶贮藏中 SOD和 CAT活性变化较大,4 d后迅速下降,特别是 CAT活性 降
幅更大;POD活性先逐渐增加,6 d后急剧上升,MDA含量先缓慢增加 ,4 d后急剧上升,表明活性氧代谢
失调,膜脂过氧化加剧。内叶 SOD和 CAT变化很小,并保持较高水平 ,PO D活性无显著上升 ,MDA略呈下
降趋势,表明活性氧的产生与清除相平衡,从而防止了活性氧积累和膜脂过氧化加强。结论:白菜的衰老
是活性氧代谢失调的结果 ,外叶比内叶容易衰老。
关键词 :白菜 ;活性氧;膜脂过氧化;采后生理;衰老
中图分类号 :S 634.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号 :0513.353X (2003)03.0335.03
1 目的、材料与方法
白菜 (Brassica ctunt~stris L.sp.chinensis(L.)Makino.]幼嫩时采收,在常温下 2 d后开始黄
化,5 d后全部枯黄,货架期仅有3 d⋯。本试验以 ‘早油冬’白菜为试材,研究其采后生理及衰老
机制,为货架期保鲜提供理论基础。
‘早油冬’白菜为早熟类型,采 自浙江大学华家池菜圃。采后立即运回实验室,去除老黄叶后,
在室内摊晾 2~4 h后在 (20±1)oC、湿度 85%~95%的条件下贮藏。贮藏当天及以后每天随机取 1O
株,剥取最外层叶片 (外叶)和最内层叶片 (内叶),用于测定超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) ]、过氧化氢
酶 (CAT)[ 、过氧化物酶 (POD)活性【 与丙二醛 (MDA)[ 、叶绿素、类胡萝 卜素 (caur)【引、可溶
性蛋白质含量 ]。随机取 20株,定期测定呼吸速率 (采用 GXH.305型红外线分析仪测定 ,用 cO2浓
度为 1 040 ·L 的标准气体校准,气体流速为 1 L·min_。,环境温度为25~C)、乙烯释放量 ]和失重
率。重复 3次。
2 结果与分析
2.1 呼吸速率、乙烯释放量和失重率的变化
白菜采收当天乙烯释放量较高,贮藏中呈下
降趋势,第 8天时比采收当天下降 78% (图 1)。
采收当天呼吸速率高达 co2116.6 mg·kg ·h
FM,第 2天降幅达 61.7%,4 d后呼吸速率上
升,并于第 6天形成一呼吸高峰 (图 1)。白菜
采后失重很快,第 2天时就达到 9.2%,到第 8
天时则高达 29.8% (图 1)。
2.2 叶绿素和类胡萝 卜素含量的变化
白菜采收当天外叶叶绿素含量高于内叶,两
收稿日期:2O02—07—08;修回日期:2002—10—16
U
40
20
00
80
60
40
20
0
30
25 釜
20褂 &
15 皇
10◆j
5
0

1 2 4 6 8
采后时间
Time after harvest(d)
图 1 ‘早油冬’白菜采后呼吸速率、乙烯释放量
和失重率的变化
l .1 Changes in respiration rate。etJlyl嘶e produetion and
weight-loss percent of‘zaoyo~ ng’Clinese翻bbage
after harvest (20±1)oC and RH 85% 一95%
一 ‘ _暑 . .曲—口
譬是 目ol1矗 A∞
瓣瑙 量-
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336 园 艺 学 报 30卷
者差异达极显著 (P<0.O1)。第 3天时外叶叶绿 160
素降低近 50%,而内叶仅降低 10%,此后,外 .,
叶叶绿素含量一直低于内叶。第 8天时前者为后 描 善
者的59.7%,差异显著 (P<0.05,图2)。 l ~
采收当天外叶和内叶的类胡萝 卜素含量无显 u 40
著差异,贮藏中随时间延长都呈下降趋势,但前 o
(P<0.O1,图 4)。 图3 ·早油冬,白菜采后可溶性蛋白质含量的变化
内叶 CAT活性在采后 4 d前缓慢上升,此后 .3 0m肾 in~)lu1)leprotein伽lt叫t of
又缓慢下降,6 d前始终保持高于采收当天的水 ‘ ’ali琳se蝴 a Imrve~
平,第8天时仅比采收当天降低41.6%。外叶CAT活性采后4 d前略微上升,4 d后快速下降并保持
较低水平 ,第 8天时仅为采收当天的 50.1% (图 4)。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
采后时间 Time afler harvesl(d)



U
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
采后时间 Time after harvest(d)
图4 ‘早油冬’白菜采后 SOD、CAT、POD活性和MDA含量的变化
. 4 Omgesin SOD,CAT andPOD ac~vity andMDA content of‘ 哪胛d0ng’aIi啦辩伪bbage afterlmrve~
一 【-Ⅱ 日. 0 1I一
l1^1l3_∞n_ l|U
0 8 6 4 2 0
一 10ⅢIf—
lⅡal口ou 口
棚如 0夏
咖 枷 伽 抛 0咖 湖 咖 湖 0
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3期 侯建设等:白菜采后衰老生理的研究 337
贮藏前期~tPf POD活性缓慢增强,6 d后急剧上升 ,至第 8天时为采收当天的 9.8倍。采收当天
内叶 POD活性显著高于~tPf,但贮藏期间变化不大,第 8天时比采收当天仅提高了 21.2%。第 4天
后内叶 POD活性开始低于~tPf,第 8天时前者为后者的 43%,差异极显著 (P<0.01,图 4)。
外叶 MDA含量在采后先缓慢增加,4 d后急剧上升,第 6天时高达 7.08 tunol·g~ FM,为第 4天
的4.78倍 ,第 1天的 8.6o倍。内叶 MDA含量始终低于外叶,在贮藏中没有出现显著的上升,反而略
有下降 (图 4)。
本试验中自菜外叶叶绿素和蛋白质含量在贮藏中快速下降,而内叶下降缓慢,表明外叶比内叶衰
老快,衰老程度高。白菜的衰老是活性氧代谢失调的结果,外叶比内叶容易衰老,贮藏小白菜的关键
是抑制外叶衰老。
参考文献 :
l 卢善玲,汪雅谷,袁大伟,等 .四种蔬菜常温和冷风柜贮藏中某些品质变化.上海农业学报,1997,13(3):59~62
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ArlalyticaI Biochemistry,1976,72:248~254
7 郑永华,席玛芳,应铁进 .枇杷果实采后呼吸与乙烯释放规律的研究 .园艺学报,1993,20(2):lll~ll5
Studies on Postlmrvest Senescence Physiology
ch/nens/s (L.)Makino.
Hou Jianshe ,Xi Yufang ,and Yu Ti
( Food Scienoe z^撇 Unitersity, 咖 u 310029,Ch/na; Naval Medical Research Institute,Shanghai 200433,
Ch/na; no.,s~.hou Wahaha Co.,Ltd,no.,s~.hou 310018,Ch/na)
Abstract:111e ethylene production of‘Zaoyoudong’Chinese cabbage【Brassica campestris L.ssp.chi—
nensis(L.)Makino.vat.commun/s]tended to decline, weight—loss increased rapidly,and respiration rate
showed a climacteric—like patern with climacteric on 6th day in the duration of storage under the conditions of(20
±1)oC。85% 一95% relative humidity.rI11e content of chlorophyll,soluble proteins and carotenoid in outer
lcaves decreased more rapidly than that in inner lcaves during storage.In outer leaves there were marked chan ges in
supemxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities and the activities of the two enzymes decreased rapidly
after 4 days of storage with a mole obvious decrease in CAT activity.Pemxidase(PoD)activty and malondialde—
hyde(MDA)content increased gradualy and then IDse sharply after 6 days and 4 days of storage, respectively,
indicating an inbalanced metabolism of activated oxygen occurred and resultant accumulation in activated oxygen was
associated with membrane lipid pemxidation.In inner lcaves the activities of both SOD and CAT were at hi gh level
and varied very litle while POD activity didn’t increased significantly。but MDA concentration declined a little.
These data indicated a balance between the production and elimination of activated oxygen existed in iBrier lcaves
prevented the accumulation in activated oxygen and the progress of me mb rane lipid pemxidation. It could be
concluded that the senescence of B.chinensis vaLr.cormum/s was caused by maladjusted metabolism of activated
oxygen with outer leaves being senesced much easier than inner leaves, therefore, the key factor for storage of
Chinese cabbage is to delay the senescence in outer leaves.
Key words:Brassica cam~stris L.ssp.chinensis (L.)Makino.vat.communis;Activated oxygen;
Lipid peroxidation;Postharvest physiology; Senescence
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