Abstract:The paper analyzes the effect of rotation and fertilization on alfalfa productivity on the Loess Plateau based on a long-term experiment. The result shows that the years of high alfalfa production are commonly between two to five years after its planting. The maximum production falls normally on the fifth year. Then the alfalfa yield begins to decline with each passing year. Timely fertilization could prolong its growth year. The yield also ascends or descends with the amount of precipitation.Field management should be conducted according to the growing characteristics optimizing to the reconstruction of ecology environment and agriculture activity.