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Evaluation of Productivity and Adaptability of Gramineae Forage in Alpine Area

高寒地区禾本科牧草生产力适应性评价



全 文 :!23" !5#
 Vol.23  No.5
! " # $
ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2015$  9%
  Sep.  2015
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2015.05.026
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:S54    >?@AB:A     >CD=:10070435(2015)05107307
犈狏犪犾狌犪狋犻狅狀狅犳犘狉狅犱狌犮狋犻狏犻狋狔犪狀犱犃犱犪狆狋犪犫犻犾犻狋狔狅犳犌狉犪犿犻狀犲犪犲犉狅狉犪犵犲犻狀犃犾狆犻狀犲犃狉犲犪
CHENLele1,2,SHIJianjun2,WANGYanlong2,MAYushou2,
DONGQuanmin2,HOUXiankuan1,2
(1.QinghaiUniversityGraduateSchool,Xining,QinghaiProvince810016,China;
2.QinghaiAcademyofAnimalandVeterinarySciences,Xining,QinghaiProvince810016,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Thefifteenperennialgramineousforagevarietiesofsevengenerawereintroducedandperform
ancetestwascarriedoutinthewinterandspringdegradationgrasslandofYushucounty.Thetestresults
oftwoyearsshowedthatthefifteenvarietiesalcouldnormalwinterintheareaandcompletethegrowth
period.Forageyieldandseedyieldcomparisonshowedthatthehighesthayyieldof犈.狊犻犫犻狉犻犮狌狊L.‘Tong
de’was10030.8kg·hm-2inthesecondyear,andtheseedyieldof犈.犅狉犲狏犻犪狉犻狊狋犪狋狌狊Kengf.‘Tongde’
wasthehighest,upto2986.7kg·hm-2.Thegrowthperiodsofalforagescouldbecompletedandthe
heights,coverageandforageyieldsofalinthesecondyearwerehigherthanthefirstyear.Theforage
grassesofaltestedvarietieshadgreaterproductivityandbetteradaptabilitytotheecologicalenvironment
ofYushu.Therefore,altestedvarietiesaresuitableforpromotioninYushuarea.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Degradedgrasslands;Perennial;Gramineaeforage;Performancetest;Productivity
EFGH
:20140711;IJGH:20150623
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Table1 Directoryoftestedforagevarietiesinthisstudy

Genus
+˜«
Chinesename
Úñ«
Latinname
LMNO犈.L.
]^LMN 犈.狀狌狋犪狀狊Griseb.
jÆLMN 犈.狀狌狋犪狀狊Griseb.‘Aba’
XGåcLMN 犈.犅狉犲狏犻犪狉犻狊狋犪狋狌狊Kengf.‘Tongde’
J,1™bcd 犈.狊犻犫犻狉犻犮狌狊L.‘QingmuNo.1’
XGbcd 犈.狊犻犫犻狉犻犮狌狊L.‘Tongde’
}N2™bcd 犈.狊犻犫犻狉犻犮狌狊L.‘ChuancaoNo.2’
d1N 犈.狋犪狀犵狌狋狅狉狌犿
&$ÉO犘狅犪L.
J3Bñ&$É 犘.犮狉狔犿狅狆犺犻犾犪KengexC.Ling‘Qinghai’
J3Nñ&$É 犘.狆狉犪狋犲狀狊犻狊L.‘Qinghai’
J3T+&$É 犘.狆狉犪狋犲狀狊犻狊L狏犪狉.犪狀犮犲狆犪狊犌犪狀犱.‘Qinghai’
RpO犉犲狊狋狌犮犪L. J3+SRp 犉.狊犻狀犲狀狊犻狊KengexS.L.‘Qinghai’
MpO犘狌犮犮犻狀犲犾犾犻犪Parl. XGwoMp 犘.狋犲狀狌犻犳犾狅狉犪(Griseb.)Scribn.etMerr.‘Tongde’
DpO犛狋犻狆犪L. ¢oDp 犛.狆犲狀犻犮犻犾犾犪狋犪
9NO 犓狅犲犾犲狉犻犪Pers. 9N 犓.犮狉犻狊狋犪狋犪(L.)Pers.
}˜NO 犓犲狀犵狔犻犾犻犪YenetJ.L. "=N 犓.狋犺狅狉狅犾犱犻犪狀犪(Oliv.)J.L.Yang,Yen&Baum
1.2.2 Ñ®˜€ UVB¥S|d›ÝàæÁ,4
üCM

UVwÝ/ÂG15m2(3m×5m),ÿYN
ÂGÿ

ÿ“žG30cm,wݓ“žG50cm,
CM““žG1m,ÿß3~5cm,¦!1$5%+
‚Y8

zÆ!rsÛ*225kg·hm-2=uF
112.5kg·hm-2Åù$。
1.2.3 œ#Ž UVÝð80*/Â:9Mï,
’Ì”$UJ0¥7ïlç²MS

UVÝð8Ì
r‘û

Ãð810mªB5d(犃狏犲狀犪狊犪狋犻狏犪)û
&

Y8É$4à#0».$N

!Û$zÖ#
0».$N1×。
1.2.4 ú´žŸ jk²³Ë’:T#、ì、ç
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Núë

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Table2 Seedingquantityofforagevariety
º™
No.
GY
Variety
ý±C
Weightof
1000grain/g
@*5
Germination
rate/%

Purity/%
XWÿë
Theoreticalseeding
amount/kg·hm-2
wÝ=<ÿë
Actualsowing
amount/g
1 ]^LMN 4.09 23.3 95.0 30 203.3
2 jÆLMN 4.15 49.4 96.6 30 94.3
3 XGåcLMN 5.67 26.3 98.3 30 174.1
4 J,1™bcd 3.99 54.3 96.0 30 86.3
5 XGbcd 4.19 36.0 93.3 30 134.0
6 }N2™bcd 4.09 44.5 94.8 30 106.7
7 d1N 3.47 50.0 96.0 30 93.8
8 J3Bñ&$É 0.19 50.3 97.7 7.5 22.9
9 J3Nñ&$É 0.23 74.5 94.0 7.5 16.1
10 J3T+&$É 0.28 73.5 92.3 7.5 16.6
11 J3+SRp 1.05 49.3 98.3 15 46.4
12 XGwoMp 0.17 52.3 97.7 7.5 22.0
13 ¢oDp 1.55 55.0 96.3 15 42.5
14 9N 0.26 65.7 97.7 7.5 17.5
15 "=N 6.49 32.7 96.7 22.5 106.7
2 lmY;n
2.1 bVH
EìæðñKL

Y8É$],N–}áâ
:uG¾

×9%š‚Ž@UΦS:u“,N^
¦4à#]©^#
[19]。
ÿYÉ$1GY*,•ÿ
Ì20~25d{,Ò+XGwoMp(犘.狋犲狀狌犻犳犾狅
狉犪(Griseb.)Scribn.etMerr.‘Tongde’)、9N(犓.
犮狉犻狊狋犪狋犪(L.)Pers)、" Ç N (犓.狋犺狅狉狅犾犱犻犪狀犪
(Oliv.)J.L.Yang,Yen&Baum)!GYÈÒ~
GY&2~5d。!2$]GY–|Sá:T#。
•8%ù’01GY–©Sá:T#,1GY!2
$:TcpG94~124d。!2$d1N(犈.狋犪狀
犵狌狋狅狉狌犿)、XGwoMp、¢oDp(犛.狆犲狀犻犮犻犾犾犪
狋犪)、9N、"ÇN!GYÈÒ~GYUJ#&2~8
d。"ÇNÈÒ~GYUo#&6~16d。9N=
"ÇN!GYÈÒ~GYS$#&11~32d。ë¦
"ÇNá$#W(—

zðà;i

E£Òá$#È
Ò~GY–šu

P3)。
2.2 b¢.3
8ì¨å5¼ëÒ:u@Th>BCD¬
»

q5;,N:úâçB:ú«¬
[2021]。

,N!2$ì–ì¦!1$ì。‚SN:!1
$]^LMN
(犈.狀狌狋犪狀狊Griseb.)、XGåcLM
N
(犈.犅狉犲狏犻犪狉犻狊狋犪狋狌狊Kengf.‘Tongde’)=}N2
™bcd
(犈.狊犻犫犻狉犻犮狌狊L.‘ChuancaoNo.2’)ì
—rì¦Ò~GY

jÆLMN
(犈.狀狌狋犪狀狊Griseb.
‘Aba’)、J3+SRp(犉.狊犻狀犲狀狊犻狊KengexS.L.
‘Qinghai’)=¢oDpì—rÚ¦Ò~GY。!
2$¢oDpì—rÚ¦Ò~GY,G59.7cm。
šSN

!1$9Nì—rÚ¦Ò~GY,G
15.6cm,!2$"ÇNì—rÚ¦Ò~GY,G
43.9cm(×1)。
:1 ]^(„2ª#$qŠ
Fig.1 Heightchangesoftheforagevarietyintwoyears
ò

X$WXwéBCPóDo—r
(犘<0.05)
Note:Differentsmalletterswithinthesameyearmeansignificantdifference(犘 <0.05)
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Table3 Phenologicalperiodoftestedforagevariety daymonth
{#
Seedling
emergence
stage
UJ#
Returning
green
stage
4à#
Elongation
stage
©^#
Booting
stage
ý^#
Heading
stage
Uo#
Flowering
stage
w$#
Milk
stage
î$#
Dough
stage
S$#
Fulripe
stage
:Tcp
Growth
days/d
!1$
Thefirst
year
!2$ Thesecondyear
1 14Jun 24Apr 15Jun 28Jun 7Jul 14Jul 23Jul 11Aug 21Aug 119
2 14Jun 24Apr 19Jun 26Jun 9Jul 16Jul 25Jul 8Aug 18Aug 116
3 15Jun 26Apr 22Jun 2Jul 9Jul 16Jul 25Jul 10Aug 20Aug 116
4 14Jun 28Apr 22Jun 30Jun 9Jul 17Jul 26Jul 14Aug 26Aug 120
5 14Jun 24Apr 21Jun 28Jun 8Jul 15Jul 24Jul 10Aug 19Aug 117
6 14Jun 30Apr 17Jun 26Jun 8Jul 15Jul 24Jul 9Aug 19Aug 111
7 14Jun 23Apr 12Jun 22Jun 1Jul 12Jul 22Jul 6Aug 14Aug 113
8 16Jun 24Apr 6Jun 14Jun 21Jun 9Jul 17Jul 27Jul 5Aug 103
9 17Jun 26Apr 8Jun 16Jun 21Jun 8Jul 16Jul 27Jul 6Aug 102
10 17Jun 25Apr 7Jun 16Jun 23Jun 9Jul 16Jul 26Jul 5Aug 102
11 16Jun 25Apr 19Jun 27Jun 5Jul 13Jul 26Jul 16Aug 25Aug 122
12 12Jun 23Apr 5Jun 13Jun 22Jun 10Jul 20Jul 2Aug 10Aug 109
13 14Jun 22Apr 20Jun 1Jul 7Jul 14Jul 27Jul 15Aug 24Aug 124
14 12Jun 23Apr 8Jun 15Jun 23Jun 7Jul 13Jul 21Jul 28Jul 97
15 13Jun 23Apr 28May 8Jun 15Jun 1Jul 15Jul 20Jul 25Jul 94
:2 ]^(„2ªð$qŠ
Fig.2 Coveragechangesoftheforagevarietyintwoyears
ò

X$WXwéBCPóDo—r
(犘<0.05)
Note:Differentsmalletterswithinthesameyearmeansignificantdifference(犘 <0.05)
  $¢oDpsÒ~,NGY!2$wÝ稖
È!1$wÝ稍]ñ 。Ð5ë¦!1$Ž@
ÌÉñ‡¨ò,ÑÕ¤z¢oDp 7¼4꿈
\á¢oDpwÝ稚Ê

‚SN

!1$}N
2™bcd、d1N=¢oDpwÝ쨗rÚ¦
Ò~GY

!2$¢oDpwÝ稗rÚ¦Ò~
GY

G53.5%。šSN:!1$9N="ÇNw
Ý稗rÚ¦Ò~GY

!2$9NwÝ稗
rÚ¦Ò~GY

G63.7%,Ð5ë¦9N©®ƒ
Kš5]\áB

J3T+&$É!2$wÝç¨
vìÄÅ96.3%(×2)。
2.3 s(°¥ùH.
ë2$ÜNúë(×3)…~,],NGY!2
$ÜNúë–ì¦!1$。‚SN:!1$J3+
SRp=¢oDpÜNúë—rÚ¦Ò~GY

¢
oDp!1$ÜNúëvÚG1819.3kg·hm-2,
!2$LMNO(犈.L.)4e,NGYXGåcL
MN

J,1™bcd(犈.狊犻犫犻狉犻犮狌狊L.‘Qingmu
No.1’)、XGbcd(犈.狊犻犫犻狉犻犮狌狊L.‘Tongde’)†
}N2™bcdÜNú떗rì¦Ò~GY。Ò
+XGbcd!2$ÜNúëvì,G10030.8
kg·hm-2。šSN:!1$9N="ÇNÜNúë
6701
!5# ¶ââ!:ìæñÝÉT°,N:úçížg¥ô
—rÚ¦Ò~GY

!2$XGwoMpÜNúë –—rì¦Ò~GY,G6294.8kg·hm-2。
:3 ]^(„2ªH(s°qŠ
Fig.3 Hayyieldchangesoftheforagevarietyintwoyears
ò

X$WXwéBCPóDo—r
(犘<0.05)
Note:Differentsmalletterswithinthesameyearmeansignificantdifference(犘<0.05)
:4 ]^(„ùH.
Fig.4 Fresh/dryratiooftheforagevariety
ò

WXwéBCPóDo—r
(犘<0.05)
Note:Differentsmallettersmeansignificantdifference(犘<0.05)
  9NeÜȗrÚ¦Ò~GY,]UV]
¥,NGY$9N=J3Bñ&$É
(犘.犮狉狔
犿狅狆犺犻犾犪KengexC.Ling‘Qinghai’)ÜeÈO
1.84=1.93’s,Ò~GYÜeÈ[ÄÅ2.0


×4)。
2.4  (Ws°
GYRg

ðñ‘K,NNOúë†Ò%á
DF–ŠkB67

]UGY–|Sá:T
#

w1GYNOú뒓ÉDo—r

‚SN

X
GåcLMN†]^LMNNOúë—rì¦Ò~
GY

Ò+XGåcLMNNOúëvìG2986.7
kg·hm-2,ÒüG]^LMNNOúëG2888.9
kg·hm-2,}N2™bcd、d1N=¢oDpN
Oúë—rÚ¦Ò~GY

d1NNOúëvÚ

G
1653.3kg·hm-2。šSN:"ÇN†XGwoM
pNOúë—rÚ¦Ò~GY

Ò+"ÇNNOú
ëvÚ

G337.8kg·hm-2(×5)。
:5 ]^(„(Ws°
Fig.5 Seedyieldoftheforagevariety
ò

WXwéBCPóDo—r
(犘<0.05)
Note:Differentsmallettersmeansignificantdifference(犘<0.05)
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“NO@*5

Y8Ì],NGY]ÐNO@*
5DoW—r

–ÄÅ71.5%}‚。‚SN:Y8
0]^LMN=XGåcLMNNO@*5—rÚ
¦Ò~GY

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