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Effects of Mowing on Miscanthus Floridulus Allelopathy and Secondary Metabolites

刈割对五节芒化感作用及次生代谢物质的影响



全 文 :!24" !1#
 Vol.24  No.1
! " # $
ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2016$  1%
  Jan.  2016
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2016.01.011
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:Q945.7    ABCDE:A     AFG@:10070435(2016)01007608
犈犳犳犲犮狋狊狅犳犕狅狑犻狀犵狅狀犕犻狊犮犪狀狋犺狌狊犉犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊犃犾犲犾狅狆犪狋犺狔犪狀犱
犛犲犮狅狀犱犪狉狔犕犲狋犪犫狅犾犻狋犲狊
SHUJun,CHENGXiangrong,YUMukui,ZHANGHui
(ResearchInstituteofSubtropicalForestry,ChineseAcademyofForestry,Hangzhou,ZhejiangProvince311400,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Alelopathyeffectsofaqueousextractedfromleaves,stems,rootsandrhizospheresoilofmowed
犕犻狊犮犪狀狋犺狌狊犳犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊on犔犪犮狋狌犮犪狊犪狋犻狏犪wasinvestigated,secondarymetabolitesinmowedleaveswerei
solatedandidentifiedbygaschromatographymassspectrometry(GCMS).Theresultsshowedthatdif
ferentaqueousextractshaddifferenteffectsontheseedgermination,radiclelength,leaflength,leaf
breadthandfreshbiomassof犔犪犮狋狌犮犪狊犪狋犻狏犪.Theaqueousextractsfromleavessignificantlydecreasedthe
radiclelengthof犔.狊犪狋犻狏犪.Alelopathiceffectindexofmowed犕.犳犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊increased2~8timesthan
nonmowedones.Mainalelochemicalswhichinhibitedthegrowthof犔.狊犪狋犻狏犪wereorganicacids.The
GCMSspectrumdisplayedthatmowedgroupsignificantlyincreasedthenumberofpeaks,themaximum
valueofeachpeakwas1.35~5.15timeshigherthanthecontrol.Therelativecontentsofsomesecondary
metabolismsubstancesincreasedsignificantlyin犕.犉犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊leavesaftermowed.Threenewsecondary
metabolismsubstancesappearedintheleavesofmowed犕.犳犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊.Thealelochemicalsrelativecon
tentsofinhibitingotherplants(palmiticacid,linoleicacid,stigmasterol)andnaturalenemies(transaco
niticacid)hadhigherincreasethanotheralelochemicals,sothesesecondarymetabolismsubstancesin犕.
犉犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊leavesmayplayakeyroleoninhibitingthegrowthofthe犔.狊犪狋犻狏犪.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:犕犻狊犮犪狀狋犺狌狊犳犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊;Mow;Alelopathy;GCMS;Organicacid
HIJK
:20150309;LMJK:20150720
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correspondence:Email:yumukui@sina.com
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Table1 Effectsofaqueousextractedfrommowed犕.犳犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊onthegerminationof犔犪犮狋狌犮犪狊犪狋犻狏犪
‡ý Material ÓùTreatment
h°Ý Germinationrate/%
0% 2.5% 5% 10%
XLeaf
öÈÉNonmowed 86.67±6.67Aa 86.67±3.85Aa 82.22±5.88Aa 82.22±2.22Aa
ÈÉ Mowed 86.67±6.67Aa 82.22±2.22Aa 71.11±5.88Aa 22.22±3.21Bb
~Stem
öÈÉ Nonmowed 86.67±6.67Aa 95.56±4.44Aa 88.89±2.22Aa 91.11±5.88Aa
ÈÉ Mowed 86.67±6.67Aa 82.22±8.01Aa 91.11±5.88Aa 71.11±5.88Ba
}Root
öÈÉ Nonmowed 86.67±6.67Aa 75.56±8.89Aa 73.33±10.18Aa 75.56±9.69Aa
ÈÉ Mowed 86.67±6.67Aa 93.33±6.67Aa 86.67±3.85Aa 57.78±2.22Ab
ÙCSoil
öÈÉ Nonmowed 86.67±6.67Aa 82.22±2.22Aa 77.78±2.22Aa 80.00±0.01Aa
ÈÉ Mowed 86.67±6.67Aa 82.22±5.88Aa 84.44±4.44Aa 82.22±2.22Aa
  ü:@‘6@uU;Çg˜Øº…†(犘<0.05);@j6@YU;Çg˜Øº…†(犘<0.05),œ@
Note:Differentsmallettersinthesamerowmeansignificantdifferenceatthe0.05level.Differentcapitallettersinthesamecolumnof
eachclustermeansignificantdifferenceatthe0.05level.Thesameasbelow
2.2 ‡ˆüc~UVŽT$e“ì‡
2|u
öÈÉä5%610%×ATXº›áD9ææ
}ŸAJ…†)cd
(犘<0.05);zQÓùˆ
¸
,2.5%×ATº›á9ææ}ŸAîJ…†Ø
º
;10%×AT~、}º›áD9ææ}ŸAJ…†
)cd
(犘<0.05),5%×ATº›áD9ææ}
ŸAîJ…†UV
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(犘<0.05);3G×AÙCº›áD9ææ}Ÿ
A©J…†[\cd
(犘<0.05),¸ zQÓù›ê
55.39%~59.65% (g2)。
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2.5%×ATXº›áT9ææ}ŸA…†€éz
QÓù
(犘<0.05),‘&10%×ATX、~、}Tð
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6ÞAJ…†[\cd
(犘<0.05),5%610%×A
Tº›áDmXŸA6ÞAîJUV$Jß©)
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9æmXŸA…†€éöÈÉä
(犘<0.05),
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A}610%×AÙCº›áD9æmXÞAT
)…†séöÈÉä
(犘<0.05),€ìAn
14.29%~27.50%。ӚçT,ÈÉ_·s—T
_œú=¸_Sú=D9æmXŸA6ÞA9
ŸóÞJ)cd

87
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Table2 Effectsofaqueousextractedfrommowed犕.犳犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊ontheradiclelengthof犔犪犮狋狌犮犪狊犪狋犻狏犪
‡ý Material ÓùTreatment
æ}ŸARadiclelength/cm
0% 2.5% 5% 10%
XLeaf
öÈÉNonmowed 3.99±0.22Aa 4.30±0.15Aa 2.91±0.17Ab 1.47±0.08Ac
ÈÉ Mowed 3.99±0.22Aa 2.56±0.13Bb 0.74±0.07Bc 0.27±0.05Bc
~Stem
öÈÉNonmowed 3.99±0.22Ab 6.08±0.22Aa 4.29±0.32Ab 2.80±0.11Ac
ÈÉ Mowed 3.99±0.22Ab 6.43±0.17Aa 3.17±0.15Bc 1.19±0.08Ba
}Root
öÈÉNonmowed 3.99±0.22Ab 4.84±0.27Aa 4.49±0.27Aab 1.51±0.12Ac
ÈÉ Mowed 3.99±0.22Aa 4.06±0.16Ba 2.28±0.11Bb 0.90±0.10Bc
ÙCSoil
öÈÉNonmowed 3.99±0.22Ab 6.20±0.30Aa 6.26±0.24Aa 6.37±0.38Aa
ÈÉ Mowed 3.99±0.22Ab 4.71±0.32Bab 4.07±0.19Bb 5.24±0.36Ba
`3 ‡ˆüc~UVŽT$/‡€2|u
Table3 Effectofaqueousextractedfrommowed犕.犳犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊ontheleaflengthof犔犪犮狋狌犮犪狊犪狋犻狏犪
‡ý Material ÓùTreatment
mXŸALeaflength/cm
0% 2.5% 5% 10%
XLeaf
öÈÉ Nonmowed 0.59±0.02Ac 0.69±0.02Aab 0.72±0.03Aa 0.62±0.02Abc
ÈÉ Mowed 0.59±0.02Ab 0.68±0.02Aa 0.65±0.01Bab 0.66±0.02Aab
~Stem
öÈÉNonmowed 0.59±0.02Ab 0.75±0.02Aa 0.70±0.02Aa 0.68±0.02Aa
ÈÉ Mowed 0.59±0.02Ab 0.74±0.02Aa 0.72±0.03Aa 0.68±0.02Aa
}Root
öÈÉNonmowed 0.59±0.02Ab 0.78±0.03Aa 0.82±0.03Aa 0.65±0.01Ab
ÈÉ Mowed 0.59±0.02Ab 0.69±0.02Ba 0.61±0.02Bb 0.51±0.03Bc
ÙCSoil
öÈÉNonmowed 0.59±0.02Ab 0.71±0.02Aa 0.68±0.03Aa 0.71±0.02Aa
ÈÉ Mowed 0.59±0.02Aa 0.60±0.01Ba 0.58±0.01Ba 0.54±0.02Ba
`4 ‡ˆüc~UVŽT$/“€2|u
Table4 Effectsofaqueousextractedfrommowed犕.犳犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊ontheleafbreadthof犔犪犮狋狌犮犪狊犪狋犻狏犪
‡ý Material ÓùTreatment
mXÞALeafbreadth/cm
0% 2.5% 5% 10%
XLeaf
öÈÉNonmowed 0.36±0.01Ab 0.45±0.01Aa 0.46±0.02Aa 0.42±0.01Aab
ÈÉ Mowed 0.36±0.01Ab 0.46±0.01Aa 0.42±0.01Aa 0.43±0.01Aa
~Stem
öÈÉNonmowed 0.36±0.01Ab 0.50±0.02Aa 0.51±0.01Aa 0.47±0.01Aa
ÈÉ Mowed 0.36±0.01Ac 0.55±0.02Aa 0.48±0.03Ab 0.47±0.01Ab
}Root
öÈÉNonmowed 0.36±0.01Ab 0.51±0.02Aa 0.50±0.03Aa 0.40±0.01Ab
ÈÉ Mowed 0.36±0.01Ac 0.52±0.02Aa 0.42±0.01Bb 0.29±0.03Bd
ÙCSoil
öÈÉNonmowed 0.36±0.01Ab 0.43±0.02Aa 0.43±0.01Aa 0.42±0.01Aa
ÈÉ Mowed 0.36±0.01Aa 0.39±0.01Aa 0.40±0.01Aa 0.36±0.01Ba
2.4 ‡ˆüc~UVŽT$”•–œ2|
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ɼ•…†€ézQÓù
(犘<0.05),ð0:Š»ë
=¾n-0.676-1.14,‘ýÓùÞJ[\cd,‘
&2.5%×A~、}63G×AÙCº›áD9æÈ
ɼ•[\…†sézQÓù
(犘<0.05)。
ÈÉ_10%×AX、}65%×A}º›áT
9æÈɼ•…†€éöÈÉä
(犘<0.05),9æ
Èɼ•=¾€52.6%,61.1%636.0%。ÙC
º›áD9æÈɼ•J[\cd

s×A›fá
D9æÈÉ[\cdué€×AÓù

ÈÉÙº›
áDÈɼ•[\cduéöÈÉä

ӚçT

6@‡ý&}6X10%×Aº›áD9æÈɼ
•)cdÝY

2.5 ‰Š‹nvw,Ìx>$“ì‡2|
u
}ÏSð/0ef

·s—X´ð0cdt–

Ú¤9ð0KF•«TEDŒ

.e

X´ØW
r9K`T¸•ÝY

n.

DX´º›á\‘ä=
=569ÃBC

°PJÁWà6ûàKFD9æ
97
! " # $ !24"
æ}ŸAT)cd…†séCK(H)6CK(W)
(犘<0.05),=¾€44.07%629.32%(ë1)。
9K*à6&KFD9ææ}9ŸÞJ[\c
d

ICK(H)6CK(W)غ6…†。Uh>à
KF&JÁWÚ)9ææ}9ŸTÌ«ð0
KF

`5 ‡ˆüc~UVŽT$”•–œ2|u
Table5 Effectsofaqueousextractedfrommowed犕.犳犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊onthefreshweightof犔犪犮狋狌犮犪狊犪狋犻狏犪
‡ý Material ÓùTreatment
Èɼ•Freshweight/g
0% 2.5% 5% 10%
XLeaf
öÈÉNonmowed 3.99±0.22Aa 4.30±0.15Aa 2.91±0.17Ab 1.47±0.08Ac
ÈÉ Mowed 3.99±0.22Aa 2.56±0.13Bb 0.74±0.07Bc 0.27±0.05Bc
~Stem
öÈÉNonmowed 3.99±0.22Ab 6.08±0.22Aa 4.29±0.32Ab 2.80±0.11Ac
ÈÉ Mowed 3.99±0.22Ab 6.43±0.17Aa 3.17±0.15Bc 1.19±0.08Ba
}Root
öÈÉNonmowed 3.99±0.22Ab 4.84±0.27Aa 4.49±0.27Aab 1.51±0.12Ac
ÈÉ Mowed 3.99±0.22Aa 4.06±0.16Ba 2.28±0.11Bb 0.90±0.10Bc
ÙCSoil
öÈÉNonmowed 3.99±0.22Ab 6.20±0.30Aa 6.26±0.24Aa 6.37±0.38Aa
ÈÉ Mowed 3.99±0.22Ab 4.71±0.32Bab 4.07±0.19Bb 5.24±0.36Ba
=1 ‰Š‹/…$
“ì‡2|u
Fig.1 Effectsofaqueousextractedfrom犕.犉犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊
leafontheradiclelengthof犔犪犮狋狌犮犪狊犪狋犻狏犪
ü
:OA,JÁWà;HE,ûà;AD,9K*à;
NM,&KF;CK(H),‡j(DÒ;CK(W),QDÒ
Note:OA,Organicacid;HE,Hydroxybenzene;AD,Alkaloid;
NM,Neutermatter;CK(H),CK(Hexane);CK(W),CK(Water)
2.7‰Š‹/…rf‚"
·s—X´:1À=lWk)ð_

dGC
MS dT=5×Ã,\îñM:1c5m¹ë(ë
2)。ÈÉäS¶ë`h…í,Æò¶AÝYs
éöÈÉä1.35~5.15±,UhÈÉ_·s—X´
&“9oØKFGà|‘»`h…íî

DŠc5
mëST¶{

×ÃO22GÌ«’=(g6)。ñä
·s—X´Ì«’=6O¶2%Y#ˆ@

ú=’
=Gà6ˆD»`+Lغ

ÈÉ_

·s—X´
&Âí7GJÁW(%}W、4çW、*çW、(Z,
E)3,13æÆ(åfé、åæñ(W、åæ>(W6
fèé
),
‘&7,10{¶DŠTÈÉä6öÈÉä
OP@=ºpðšK

LÈÉä&7GKFˆD»
`h…Sê

uÝBW、X•é、J2、åæ(W、å
æå(W
、^
6è4,6,22ñf3βé6á·¢9u
E,=¾¸öÈÉäíî¡60.3%,35.1%,29.5%,
21.8%,54.5%,176.7%616.1%。3(6åæÆ
(LÈÉä&ö×ÃO

L§ÚÈÉ_LX´&Ú
Ûn‘XKF$ÚÞd‘XúŸ

ÈÉ_X´&ˆ
D»`%íîìAÝYT3GKFÿ“n:4çW、
*çW

uÝBW。
=2 ‰Š‹d­2à—˜=
Fig.2 GCMSspectrumofsolutionsamples
from犕.犳犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊
3 ˆ‰Wp‰
  ·s—Jrº›áD9æGm9ŸJ…†)
cd

Àº›á×Aíî

)9æGm9ŸT
cdí–

ӚçT10%×AT·s—X´º›
áD9æ)cdÝn…†

!‘Ú)9ææ
}9Ÿ

ú=EDŒ€×Aº›áD9æh°
J[\cd

‘&~º›áD9æ9Ÿ[\cd
Ýnh…

.ßefYë/0ˆß#
[1113]。
ˆ¸zQÓù

ñG×AÙCº›áD9æ9Ÿ
08
!1# í _?:ÈÉD·s—ð0cd|“9oØKFTUV
ÞJ…†[\cd

ÈÉ}]ÙCD9æ9Ÿ[
\cduéöÈÉä

L§2.5%~10%ÙCº›
á&EDKF[\cd«Yéð0KF)c
d
,Chou[4]Ð14%×AT·s—}wÙº›á×
4Í5±,×4áD9æGmh°T)ÝWd
100%。·s—ð0KFD9æ}]9ŸT)
cd…†séD_Sú=TUV

L‘Xƒb
–TJK/0&°PàQPR

{h½
[18]
/0°
P_w
(犚犲犺犿犪狀狀犻犪犵犾狌狋犻狀狅狊犪)X›fáD5Ô
(犛犲狊犪犿狌犿犻狀犱犻犮狌犿)És)ÝsW36.3%;·n
D}Ÿ)ÝsW69.4%,ÚÉs)ÝT1.9
±

·s—<=Ù>ð0KFç)‘XJK}
]T9Ÿ

icQ=6D=“”

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’¦ƒbT•«.5ãß

`6 ‰Š‹/…<2‘8y>
Table6 Dominantcomponentsof犕.犳犾狅狉犻犱狌犾狌狊blade
¶{
Ordinal
apex
Ð@2%
Retention
time/min
ïS
Name
=mâ
Molecular
formula
=m`
Molecular
weight
ˆD»`
Relativecontent/%
öÈÉ
Nonmowed
ÈÉ
Mowed
%íîìAiï
Netincrease
ranking
1 12.44 uÝBWtransAconiticacid C6H6O6 174 14.24 22.82 3
2 13.74 %}WLauricacid C12H24O2 200 — 0.48 7
3 16.36 6f7W Myristicacid C14H28O2 228 0.63 0.49 —
4 17.16 æ·(WPentadecanoicacid C15H30O2 242 0.24 0.23 —
5 17.25 3(cisPinane C10H18 138 0.29 — —
6 17.43 X•éphytol C20H40O 296 0.54 0.73 9

17.84 14k®æ·(WPentadecanoicacid,14methyl C16H32O2 242 23.17 — —
17.84 4çWPalmiticacid C16H32O2 256 — 20.81 1
8 18.27 æT(W HeptadecanoicAcid C17H34O2 270 1.64 1.44 —
9 18.27 14k®æ–(W Hexadecanoicacid,14methyl C17H34O2 270 0.44 0.35 —
10
18.82 8,11æÆgåfW8,11Octadecadienoicacid C18H32O2 280 16.32 — —
18.82 *çWLinoleicacid C18H32O2 280 — 14.79 2
11 18.86 *ÔWαLinolenicacid C18H30O2 278 24.86 23.23 —
12 18.97 lôWOctadecanoicacid C18H36O2 284 4.76 4.17 —
13 19.24 J26,10,14trimethyl2Pentadecanone C18H36O 268 0.88 1.14 8
14 19.93 åæ(WEicosanoicacid C20H40O2 312 0.78 0.95 10
15
20.23
(Z,E)3,
13æÆ(åfé(Z,E)3,13Octadecadien1ol
C18H34O 266 — 2.26 5
20.26
(Z,Z)9,12æÆ(åfW(Z,Z)9,
12Octadecadienoicacid
C18H32O2 280 0.84 — —
16 20.77 åæå(WDocosanoicacid C22H44O2 340 0.22 0.34 12
17 21.06 åæñ(WTricosanoicacid C23H46O2 354 — 0.07 14
18 21.76 åæ>(WTetracosanoicacid C24H48O2 368 — 0.11 13
19 22.36 åæÆ(Octacosane C28H58 394 8.67 — —
20 24.96
^6è4,6,22ñf3
βéErgosta4,6,22trien3.beta.ol
C28H44O 396 0.6 1.66 6
21 25.27 á·¢9uEVitaminE C29H50O2 472 0.87 1.01 11
22 27.1 fèéStigmasterol C29H48O 412 — 2.92 4
  }ÏJKÝnÜ&TUTD­[1517],JKLc
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t ö È É ä ð0 : Š » ë › ê
2~8±。
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[29]。
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°P·s—X´&)9æGm9ŸT“9oØK
F̫ڟàôõWà6èéàKF

¸töÈÉ
ä6ÈÉä“9oØKFð©ef

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6¶ÚcdKFJ1ؾ

%}WÚ_w)‘X
cKTÌ«ð0KF

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¼•?»F
[1920],
nöÈÉX´&T@=
ºpN

Æöi½‘ÞJð0cd

åæ(W6å
æå(WŸàôõWþÀi½ÞJð0ɏ
[25]。
Khanh[21]/04nfèéÚ)Q§9Ÿ•«T
ð0KF

^6èéÞJt–Tð0cd

L400
μg·mL
-1
×Aœ…†)8-
(犈犮犺犻狀狅犮犺犾狅犪犮狉狌狊
犵犪犾犾犻)ÈÉ}9Ÿ[26]。
)áê“9oØKFÚuÝBW。uÝB
WÚñÏWGHT)™

Lô%?-&×Ats

ßh§Wd1%~2.5%,?êÔ&uÝBW»`s
T?-_

L§5ED!anOP?-9:;
[22]。
»BCef…˜

ÈÉ_·s—X´&uÝBWˆ
D»`žŸíî

è14.2%íŸd22.5%,ÈÉLj
Â&O!Kf&D·s—TÁˆ-±

·s—nÜ[
89K½™Tf&

°±¡Ü˜Á

õ¡X´º<
uRÁˆÜ&e

uÝBWcnJKÐÑÜ,#&
-!KàB=>ÿ;6

as?&™TGOë`

\߂ƒ·s—TKL
[23]。
¶ÕO*KFÌ«Ú¢9uE?KF。X•
é6J2ښ’¢9uET&%N,á·¢9uE
ÞJû–TøÁð

§zõôF=Áð¤9T¶
è®

Ín9ÎH.c=ÁðKT-±
[24]。
·s—
ÈÉ_cd-±

<=š’Y`T¢9uEç\‘
¶ÕÐÑ6)*

ÈÉ_X´&ˆD»`íìÝYT3GKFÿ
“n

4çW

*çW

uÝBW,‘&4çW6*
çWL§Ú)9æ9ŸÝÌ«Tð0KF


0KFTð©=Ä&

Ì«6“«ð0KFã%T
äšh–L§ÿJ…†T8@cd

Ínî–ð0
):f
[3]。
5.

<=áˆp[TÏ"_éO
·s—N2ܓ9oØKFT×A

Â&·s—X
´&ܓ9oØKF»`¸á\‘9ÃBC

Lj
\ßLOÞJð+Ü&Ì"cdT“9oØ
KF

”•AB
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[J].ÜÑ¢*¾,2005,14(6):2425
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%&( ,-.)
38