全 文 :!23" !6#
Vol.23 No.6
! " # $
ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
2015$ 11%
Nov. 2015
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2015.06.005
()89:/;<=¤¸¤Û;<
®{>?ɼ@AB
uvw
1,2,
x:,
3,
y z1,{|}1,{~1,1, 1,
3
(1.=><)-?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNAOPQRSTU,/V100101;
2.6p45J)-4ªDEF,6p *850002;3.6p()45)-,6p ,+860000)
CDEF
:20141113;GHEF:20150414
IJKL
:
a4ªÝª®]ÓIóùºµB[
(CARS35);“øÁ”>W,V`ª¶`qsçú«=¨®]DEA6¨
(2011BAD17B00)B
MNOP
:
ä5
(1979),,¥¦ª-
,@DEo,5`fg¶`?À@,Email:cjshlj@163.com; Authorfor
correspondence,Email:zyxnky@163.com
QR
:
ijk]ôõÍ
,
·¸#$ATe~~h£¤1e¦Ð
1%HlmnAunðWGH)DEl
5R¤/ñò
。
§¨*%ó°å.þ_/)0|51¿ÀlK^5`a`q¾DEhw
,
©¢}q
ò
,
Eë$25
、
ó;25
、
ë$g5KLÍ
,
£¤%H¦Ðh·¸#$
(
·¸Æb
、
J|}~
)
eTe~~l
ém
。
ÆÇÈÉ
,
·¸^Ð
、
?Gºeô;Ê%H¦Ð¦ÌÎs
,
·¸&Ðaê£!"
。
{m%H¦Ð%
w
,
J|}~AB^
、
sb~¾ÈlTe~~yM=~
。
ë Jesb~JlJ|}~Ê%H¦Ð
k]aê£!"
,
_JÐ犛、|}~Ä×犎、¸ ËÐÄ×犈a긣!"。B^、sb~¾ÈlTe~
~Ê%H¦Ð¦ÌÎs
,
ÈÉ£¤%H¦ÐhTe~~lémdJ|}~¾!"
。
*qn¾¡¢?¡J
|}~
、
Te~~eGHIJTelI
,
¶3£¤%H¦ÐÍlmnÞùeO。
STU
:
6p
;`
a`q
;
J|}~
;
Te~~
;
%H¦Ð
VWXYZ
:S145.21 [\]^_:A [`aZ:10070435(2015)06116106
犈犳犳犲犮狋狊狅犳犇犻狊狋狌狉犫犪狀犮犲犐狀狋犲狀狊犻狋狔狅狀狋犺犲犆狅犿犿狌狀犻狋狔犆犺犪狉犪犮狋犲狉犻狊狋犻犮狊犪狀犱
犉狌狀犮狋犻狅狀犪犾犜狉犪犻狋狊狅犳犕犲犪犱狅狑犛狋犲狆狆犲犪狋犪犞犪犾犲狔狅犳狋犺犲犔犺犪狊犪犚犻狏犲狉犅犪狊犻狀
LUOLiming1,2,MIAOYanjun3,PANYing1,WUJianshuang1,WUJunxi1,
YUChengqun1,ZHAOYan1,ZHAOGuanfeng3
(1.KeyLaboratoryofEcosystemNetworkObservationandModeling,InstituteofGeogriaphicScienceandNaturalResourcesResearch,
ChineseAcademyofScience,Beijing100101,China;2.AgriculturalResearchInstitute,TibetAcademyofAgriculturalandAnimalSciences,
Lhasa,Tibet850002,China;3.AgricultureandAnimalHusbandryColegeofTibetUniversity,Linzhi,Tibet860000,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Theresponseandadaptationofplantcommunitycharacteristicsandfunctionaltraitstodifferent
typesandintensitiesofdisturbanceunderthebackgroundofclimatechangearethehottopicsofvegetation
ecology.Afieldsurveywascarriedouttostudythecommunitycharacteristics(communitystructureand
speciesdiversity)andfunctionaltraitsofsubalpinemeadowsteppecommunitiesinpiedmontaluvialfanat
thevaleyofXincangvilage,DaziCountyatadrywarmvaleyoftheLhasaRiverBasin.Theeffectsof
differentintensitiesofdisturbanceinthecaseofgrazingexcludedaltheyearround,grazingexcludedonly
duringwarmmonthsandgrazedaltheyearroundoncommunitycharacteristics(communitystructureand
speciesdiversity)andfunctionaltraitswereinvestigated.Communityheight,abovegroundbiomassand
deadstandingmaterialsdecreasedsignificantlywithincreasingtheintensitiesofthedisturbance,while
communitycoveragehadnosignificantchanges.Excludedthedisturbanceintensitydifferences,thespecies
diversityhadnorelevancewiththefunctionaltraitsofplantheightandpalatability.Diversityofalspecies
andthepalatabilitywerenosignificantlycorrelatedwithdisturbanceintensity,reflectedbythespecies
richness,diversityindex,andevennessindex.However,functionaltraitsofplantheight,palatabilityde
creasedsignificantlywithincreasingtheintensitiesofthedisturbance.Theeffectsofdisturbanceintensi
tiesonfunctionaltraitsweremoresignificantthanspeciesdiversity.Theinnerlinkofspeciesdiversity,
functionaltraitsandecosystemfunctionaswelastheresponsetimeandmodelsofthethreetothediffer
entintensitiesofdisturbanceshouldbemorewidelydiscussedinfurtherstudies.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Tibet;Meadowsteppe;Speciesdiversity;Functionaltraits;Disturbanceintensity
! " # $ !23"
G|}~GHIJ|Te=Iðld
GH)^=ÔlóR./
[12]。
ijk]ôõÍ
,
·¸#$ATe~~h£¤1e¦Ð
1%H
lmnAunðWGH)DEl5R¤/ñ
ò
[3]。
J|}~ðG|}~JãlÈ
a¥
,
äºò[?GBCUÐlQØ
MÄ:
[45]。
Te~~ðÄABCSu
、
¢eå
¡öUM=l¥HeG@#$
,
s¢qXµGHI
JöUh&k]mnl~~
[67]。
Te~~¶6°k]¾·Ng5%Hh£¤`?
GHIJÆbeTelémÂÃ+Ù¿ÿ
[8]。
=HJ|}~GHIJ|Te=Il3
=¨<)./
[9]
Ù
:1.J|}~(α,β,γ|}~)、
Te~~
、
Te|}~ñùÙI
?
2.lmn~~eém~~ð0hij、A
Í
、
g5
、´
4¡%Ü+Smn
,
hGHIJöU
»¼X5Aqrl
?
>ñQÙ£DE
[1013]
¡
J|}~
、
Te~~
、
Te|}~e|[GH
IJTeeöUh£¤1e¦Ð
1%Hlmn
Aunz¬
。
£¤%H1h·¸ÆbémlD
E
[14],
ÈÉ=Ðg5%Hl`?·¸ÆbYZ~ß
^
,
oÒ%H1^
,
“
=Ð%H@¢
”。
õ
÷`?·¸Æb#$¥7z¬lDE
[15],
ÈÉx
ðémþ?WG&l=¨%Ü
。
`ÙDE
[1617]
¡+£¤%H1hJ|}~ém
,
ÈÉ£¤%
H1hJ|}~émaêÉ!
,
£¤õ÷$h
J|}~lém`£¤
。
Ì£¤%H¦Ðh
Te~~¶AJ|}~=IlémDE6
。
§DE*%ó°¶lK^5`a`q
¾°T}?
,
öHë÷±
、
ÿ÷±
、
g3J¡È
$ë$25
、
ó;25
、
ë$g53J£¤¦Ð(y、
)
、
¦
)
l
1%H
,
zE£¤%H¦ÐhJ|
}~ATe~~lém
,
#¾`?G|}~lå
æe`qlÀ@¢ÂÃ<)gYe@¢Zø
。
1 bcdef
1.1 ¯°ijk
DEÌH6p*ÂN|ÍãlpÅ°?Å
7
,
8!H6pXú*å.þ
(N29°29′~
30°02′,E91°15′~91°41′)。ã¸3ê4500m,$¸
t»¾7.5℃,\-ñ,$¸\-Þ×¾3065h,
$¸Îº450mm69,90%X=6-9%,
!H^q;¬tjÿ%tij
[18]。3}?ÌHå.
þ_/)
,
AÍ1¸¾K^5`a`qA
,
W1
¾K^5`a`q
,`
?zÃJ¾^qs`
(犃狉犻狊狋犻犱犪犪犾狆犻狀犪)、:æ;`á< (犜狉犻狆狅犵狅狀
犺狅狅犽犲狉犻犪狀狌狊)¡。
1.2 ¯°ef
H2002$*å.þ_/)0|51¿
À1km2 ¨õ±u3[ 、` ?1
ò*l|
。
x2¢Ð=>^2m,50m×50m
A^^?6l÷±}?
,
ë$25yg5CD%H
;
¢`qKõ50m ×50mlÿ÷±}?,õö®
@
,
ë;g5
,
¢ó;Aó²F»Bb
,
A÷±}
?Mo
,
ó;25`)lg5CD%H
;
õö^ð
Xsg5}?
,
ë$g5`¦lg5CD%H
。
H2012$8%`?G&;Gº^#,h
3[°Tlë$25、ó;25、ë$g5}?l
`??Gº
、
·¸Æb
、
J|}~eTe~~
»¼qx£
。
3[}?Êz±u3[¾50
cm×50cml},YZ3[}F[Jl^
Ð
、
&ÐeOÐ
,
Y>0?xJdX?Gºe
ô;Gº
,
65℃¤%48hõQ。
1.3 lm
1.3.1 ? §DEJ|}~©¢J
ÐÄ×犛、ShannonWiener|}~Ä× 犎、
Pielou¸ËÐÄ×犈 È$。JÐÄ×犛¢
3[0.25m2 }SalJ×È6;Shannon
Wiener|}~Ä×犎 =-∑犘犻ln犘犻;Pielou¸Ë
ÐÄ×犈= (-∑犘犻ln犘犻)/ln犛;=犘犻¾Jl
MhQI
。
JQI
(犐犞)=(Mh&Ð+Mh
^Ð
)/2;MhQI (犘犻)=犐犞/∑犐犞 ;
1.3.2 G Te~~©¢B^~~esb~
~~
。
B^~~ðhl°GvwunÌ
^ÿÈaSqlQ#~ñò
,
ȯeøù
9
,
XµGÝ9
、
bÍ&¡GHIJTe
[1921]。
sb
~~~ðü9©b¢l:;
,
ð`?bCòÍ
&eeºNDl¾Ó
,
Xµ`?lGÝTe
[22]。
B^Te~~aê~s犚犪狅Ä×[23]oº,
D0Í
:犚犪狅=∑
犛
犻=1∑
犛
犼=1
犱犻犼犘犻犘犼,È·¸
Bh¯eBCøùl¯~
;
B^Te~¸Ë~s
犆犠犕 Ä ×[24]o º, D 0 Í:犆犠犕 =
∑
犛
犻=1犱犻犘犻,È·¸Bh¯eBCøù9ã。
2611
!6# DEF¡:£¤%H¦Ðh*°`a`q·¸#$eTe~~lém
=犛¾·¸=J×,犘犻¾!犻[J·¸Jl
Mh&Ð
,犘犼¾!犼[J·¸JlMh&Ð,犱犻
¾J犻B^,犱犻犼¾J犻e犼ñùB^lë.o。
sb~~~¢sb~JlM=Ä:È$
。
§¨
¢ælÙsbJGºesb~JlJÐÄ×
犛、ShannonWiener|}~Ä×犎、Pielou¸ËÐÄ×犈。
1.4 X
×Yx£©¢SPSS19.0ax£,¢Æ%
Üax£
(ANOVA)lß!"a×ò(LSD)h
3[}?=lFµÄ:»¼aê!"~[T,û
©¢Origin8.0Zw。
2
dX
2.1 ;<?®
ë$25
、
ó;25
、
ë$g5KLÍ
,`
?·
¸&Ðaê£!"
,
·¸^Ð
、
?Gºeô;
aê!"
(犘<0.05)(È1)。·¸^ÐÊ
1CD
¦Ð¦ÌÎs
,
Hë÷±`?^Ð
(6.61±1.94)
cmðg`?(2.86±1.0)cml2.3。?
Gºeô;¸Ê
1CD¦Ð¦Îs
,
Hë
÷±`?l?Gºeô;x2ðg`?l
2.2e40。
v1 ()lm¤¥§>;<@、½¾¶、¥*=>?@ÅÆ
Tabel1 Thecommunitycoverage,averageheightandabovegroundbiomassofplantunderdifferenttreatments
¾@
Treatment
%H¦Ð
Disturbanceintensity
&Ð
Coverage/%
ã¸^Ð
Averageheight/cm
?Gº
Aboveground
biomass/g·m-2
ô;
Deadstanding
materials/g·m-2
ë$25
Grazingexcludedal
theyearround
y
None
82±13a 6.61±1.94a 168.68±107.96ab 58.43±33.88a
ó;25
Grazingexcludedonly
duringwarmmonths
)
Weak
82±10a 5.03±1.84a 126.25±40.90a 10.59±12.61b
ë$g5
Grazingalthe
yearround
¦
Strong
70±13a 2.86±1.06b 76.02±17.38b 1.46±2.51b
Ô:¤Î£¤Í±È6aê!"(犘<0.05),ó;Ä5-9%,ͤ
Note:Differentsmallettersinthesamerowindicatesignificantdifferencesatthe0.05level;WarmmonthsindicateMaytoSeptember,
thesameasbelow
2.2 >¦ABÉ
£¤%H¦Ðl`?ë esb~JlJ
Ð犛、|}~Ä× 犎、¸ ËÐÄ×犈 a긣
!"
(
È2)。ë$g5`?ë esb~Jl
JÐ犛e犎 j^Hó;25eë$25`?。
3¾@`?ë esb~J犈k]Ç),¸ ËU
ÐZ§ò*
。
ÈÉë$25
、
ó;25
、
ë$g5K
LÍ
,`
?J|}~aê£!"
。
v2 ()lm¤¥§>ÖC{DEÉ>¦@>¦FG犛、ABÉó犎、¾Hó犈@IÆ
Table2 Speciesrichness,diversityandevennessindicesoftotalandpalatablespeciesofthegrassplant
underdifferenttreatments
¾@
Treatment
%H¦Ð
Disturbance
intensity
ë J
Totalspecies
sb~J
Palatablespecies
JÐ
Species
richness
|}~Ä×
Diversity
index
¸ËÐÄ×
Evenness
index
JÐ
Species
richness
|}~Ä×
Diversity
index
¸ËÐÄ×
Evenness
index
ë$25
Grazingexcludedal
theyearround
y
None
7.22±2.11a 1.53±0.29a 0.78±0.06a 6.11±2.03a 1.25±0.34a 0.69±0.09a
ó;25
Grazingexcludedonly
duringwarmmonths
)
Weak
5.89±3.02a 1.31±0.43a 0.76±0.06a 5.22±3.46a 1.11±0.54b 0.76±0.10a
ë$g5
Grazingalthe
yearround
¦
Strong
7.56±2.74a 1.66±0.44a 0.84±0.08a 6.44±3.24a 1.39±0.60a 0.71±0.29a
3611
! " # $ !23"
2.3 >?ɼ
ë$25
、
ó;25
、
ë$g5KLÍ`?B^T
e~~l犚犪狅Ä×、B^犆犠犕 esbJGºaê
¸!"
(犘<0.05)(û1)。B^犚犪狅Ä×、B^犆犠犕
esbJGºÊ
1%H¦Ð¦ÌÎs
,
ë$2
5`?B^犚犪狅Ä×(4.33±2.01)e^Ð犆犠犕(11.64
±4.31)cmx2oë$g5`?(1.82±0.60),(4.03
±1.40)cm^137.91%,188.83%。ÈÉë$25、ó
;25
、
ë$g5KLÍ
,`
?Te~~aê!"
。
Æ
ÇÈÉ
,
Ê\
1%H¦Ðl¦
,
·¸h¯eBCø
ù9l¯~!"þ)
,
6høùe9¤}!"þ
)
;
·¸sb~`!"þ)
。
W1 ()lmJ¶É¼{DEÉ@ÅÆ
Fig.1 Thefunctionaltraitsofheightandpalatabilityunderdifferenttreatments(Grazingexcludedaltheyearround,
Grazingexcludedonlyduringwarmmonths,Grazingaltheyearround)
Ô
:
£¤3ͱÈ6F¾@ùaê!"
(犘<0.05)
Note:Differentsmallettersindicatesignificantdifferencesatthe0.05level
2.4 >¦ABÉd>?ɼ@SÇ
JÐ犛、|}~Ä× 犎、¸ ËÐÄ×犈
é!"M=
(犘<0.01),È$B^Te~~
lB ^ 犆犠犕 A 犚犪狅 Ä × é ! " M = (犘<
0.01);ÌJ|}~ATe~~ñù£!"M
=
(
È3)。ÆÇÈÉ,{m%H¦Ð%w,J|
}~AB^
、
sb~¾ÈlTe~~yM
=~
。
v3 >¦ABÉd>?ɼóKËSÉ
Table3 Thepartialcorrelationamongtheindicatesofspeciesdiversitiesandplantfunctionaltraits
%H¦Ð
Disturbanceintensity
JÐ犛
Speciesrichness
|}~Ä×犎
Diversityindex
¸ËÐÄ×犈
Evennessindex
B^犆犠犕
犆犠犕ofheight
犚犪狅Ä×
犚犪狅index
sbJGº
Palatablespeciesbiomass
JÐ犛
Speciesrichness
1
|}~Ä×犎
Diversityindex
0.952 1
¸ËÐÄ×犈
Evennessindex
0.605 0.798 1
B^犆犠犕
犆犠犕ofheight
-0.165 -0.310 -0.478 1
犚犪狅Ä×
犚犪狅index
0.296 0.140 -0.093 0.742 1
sbJGº
Palatablespeciesbiomass
-0.053 -0.059 -0.087 0.384 0.129 1
Ô:0.01ã(jG)!"M=;0.05ã(jG)!"M=
Note:indicatesignificantcorrelationatthe0.01level(doubleside);indicatesignificantcorrelationatthe0.05level(doubleside)
4611
!6# DEF¡:£¤%H¦Ðh*°`a`q·¸#$eTe~~lém
3 d
`?ë$25、ó;25、ë$g53J£¤
¾@È$y
、
)
、
¦3J£¤¦Ðl
1CD,` ?
l·¸#$
(
&Ð
、^
Ð
、
?Gº
)
A|×DEÆ
Ç
[2526]
ò*
,
Êg5CD¦Ð¦Ìþ
。
=
,
ë
$25Íô;oQf(
。
q%
:
ë$25Í
`?Ù |A^^?6
,
Ç?}iNà
,
Å
*-AÍ^ltÐ、x%ÜAó;25、ë
$g5vwÍ£¤
,
ô;xye9ÍÎ
,
ò_ä
Oe9þ)
,
ÌÎsGÝl.²
[27]。
ë
$25ÙH?Gºl
,
¢¾|lð
ô;
,
£Hòl_äOeeºlND
,
£
H`?ú«
。
J|}~hõ÷lmn£ò
[28](
\
Ë
、
\Îs
、
\yém
)。
Ý|×DEÈÉ
[16,2931],
£¤`?1J|}~hõ÷$lmn£ò
*
,
ÿÓÞæåI%?Ìê
。
_ý^_`q
[16]
J|}~õ÷7$!"^Hõ÷2$e13$;
©ª¶`q
[29]
J|}~õ÷29$!"^H
õ÷4,9$;6pp/^_`a[30]J|}~õ÷
5$!"^Hõ÷3$e7$;
HIßá]`
?
[31]
J|}~Êõ÷$lËÌË
,
õ÷17
$^Hõ÷11,7,4,1$。seq%:õ÷$ðé
mGHIJJ|}~lQ%w
[32],
£¤1G
HIJJ|}~hõ÷$l&*mn£ò*
。
̧DE*%ó°`a`qõ÷10$õö
^J|}~aê£!"
,
seõ÷$£&
,
h
J|}~lém£!"
。
Jój¡
[33]
p/}jhõ÷5$£¤1
`?õö^lDEÈÉ
,
õ÷h`?J|}
~y!"ém¢çémJ67
,
ðTe·ñ
ùl=IeMhzÃÐ
。
BAW¡
[10]
233/
GHo̵lDEÈÉ
,
£¤g5¦Ðh^5
`aJ|}~y!"ém
,
ÌhTe~~é
m!"
,
mnHg5lßuTe~~6°¾
:^
( × ü × xô × xÑeD × àá§ × K
L
。
ÙDE
[34]
»òÈÉ
,
Te~~hg
5CDlmnÿÙàé~#$
。
§¨DEÆÇÈ
É
,
£¤%H¦ÐhK^5`a`qJ|}
~aê£!"
,
ÌhTe~~aê!"
,
_B
^
、
sb~Te~~Ê%H¦Ð¦ÌÎs
。
É
Te~~h
1l%H¦Ðmn÷±
,
ÌJ|}
~ÑMhËÖ
。
Ê\
1CDËü
,
J|}~`
se]aSMnlmnO
,
¢Te~~mn
xy
,
GHÄ6ǾÉ!
。
Te~~h&k]lmnAhBC
(¯ 、
、CO2 eßx¡)¢öUO«M=[35]。3
\&¯ÐTe~~§ox¹
、
G&AG`
,
̾º]JGHÌÖ×ÂÃ+ÙM
[36]。
Íò¿n˦J|}~
(β、γ|}~)、Ò
Te~~eGHIJTelDE
,
¾¡¢?
¡J|}~
、
Te~~eGHIJTel
I
,
¶£¤%H¦ÐÍlmnÞùeO
。
[[1] HectorA,BagchiR.Biodiversityandecosystem multifunc
tionality[J].Nature,2007,448(7150):188190
[2] IavaletaES,PasariJR,HulveyKB,犲狋犪犾.Sustainingmulti
pleecosystemfunctionsingrasslandcommunitiesrequires
higherbiodiversity[J].ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademy
ofSciences,2010,107(4):14431446
[3] FynnR,MorrisC,WardD,犲狋犪犾.Traitenvironmentrela
tionsfordominantgrassesinSouthAfricanmesicgrassland
supportageneralleafeconomicmodel[J].JournalofVegeta
tionScience,2011,22(3):528540
[4] N[G,æOã.J|}~[C]//PAQ.åæG).R
1
:
R1<)®]SCK
,1997:2033
[5] ÝAS,<.J|}~lâxx¹ØÙ[J].J|
}~
,2004,12(1):2028
[6] AckerlyDD,SultanSE,SchmittJ,犲狋犪犾.Theevolutionof
plantecophysiologicaltraits:recentadvancesandfuturedirec
tions[J].BioScience,2000,50(11):979995
[7] AckerlyDD.Atraitbasedapproachtocommunityassembly:
partitioningofspeciestraitvaluesintowithinandamong
communitycomponents[J].EcologyLetters,2007,10(2):
135145
[8] AdlerPB,MilchunasDG,SalaOE,犲狋犪犾.Planttraitsande
cosystemgrazingeffects:comparisonofUSsagebrushsteppe
andpatagoniansteppe[J].EcologicalApplications,2005,15
(2):774792
[9] TUÚ,HVG,> ,¡.GHIJu¸AGH<ë[M].
/V
:^
¡±SCK
,2013:174188
[10]ZhuZH,WangXA,LiYN,犲狋犪犾.Predictingplanttraits
andfunctionaltypesresponsetograzinginanalpineshrub
meadowonthe QinghaiTibetPlateau[J].ScienceChina
EarthSciences,2012,55(5):837851
[11]SasakiT,OkayasuT,JamsranU,犲狋犪犾.Thresholdchanges
invegetationalongagrazinggradientinMongolianrangelands
[J].JournalofEcology,2008,96(1):145154
[12]FranklinJ,SyphardAD,MladenoffDJ,犲狋犪犾.Simulating
theeffectsofdifferentfireregimesonplantfunctionalgroups
inSouthernCalifornia[J].EcologicalModeling,2001,142
(3):261283
5611
! " # $ !23"
[13]BaiY,WuJ,ClarkCM,犲狋犪犾.Tradeoffsandthresholdsin
theeffectsofnitrogenadditiononbiodiversityandecosystem
functioning:evidencefrominner Mongolia Grassland[J].
GlobalChangeBiology,2010,16(1):358372
[14]¸,W>,5ðX,¡.£¤%H1h^_`a·¸Æ
be|}~lém
[J].6/),2004,23(9):
14791485
[15]YIg,Z[ã,Off,¡.Ô+`qõ÷`?·¸#$¶
¥7z¬
[J].`ª),2013,22(6):321327
[16]¨>Q,?L_,+EY,¡.£¤%Hh^_`q·¸J|
}~eGºlém
[J].%tDE,2008,25(4):531536
[17]
Ø\Jû,5],_^_ØÜ,¡.£¤%Hh¶`q·¸
J|}~eGºlém
[J].`ª),2009,18(3):611
[18]R3`,+¨³,æï»,¡.*°5?`?GHIJ
u¸wIvw
———
*å.þ¾©
[J].`ª<),2010,27
(12):2731
[19]LamarqueP,LavorelS,MouchetM,犲狋犪犾.Planttraitbased
modelsidentifydirectandindirecteffectsofclimatechangeon
bundlesofgrasslandecosystemservices[J].Proceedingsof
theNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofA
merica,2014,111(38):1375113756
[20]JiangJ,LiYK,WangMZ,犲狋犪犾.Litterspeciestraits,but
notrichness,contributetocarbonandnitrogendynamicsinan
alpinemeadowontheTibetanPlateau[J].PlantandSoil,
2013,373(1):931941
[21]MilcuA,RoscherC,GesslerA,犲狋犪犾.Functionaldiversityof
leafnitrogenconcentrationsdrivesgrasslandcarbonfluxes
[J].EcologyLetters,2014,17(4):435444
[22]PakemanRJ.Leafdrymatterccontentpredictsherbivorepro
ductivity,butitsfunctionaldiversityispositivelyrelatedto
resilienceingrasslands[J].PlosOne,2014,9(7):e101876
[23]VojtechE,LoreauM,YachiS,犲狋犪犾.Lightpartitioninginex
perimentalgrasscommunities[J].Oikos,2008,117(9):1351
1361
[24]DiazS,LavorelS,deBeloF,犲狋犪犾.Incorporatingplantfunc
tionaldiversityeffectsinecosystemserviceassessments[J].
ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,2008,104
(52):2068420689
[25]ïÃÉ,a)î.õö÷±h^_`?W׺#$lém
[J].`ª<),2012,29(1):112116
[26]6vC,$LY,$¬L,¡.õö÷±¡h\]F``q
·¸#$émDE
[J].`ª),2009,18(3):1219
[27]JingZB,ChengJM,ChenA,犲狋犪犾.Assessmentofvegeta
tiveecologicalcharacteristicsandthesuccessionprocessdur
ingthreedecadesofgrazingexclusioninacontinentalsteppe
grassland[J].EcologicalEngineering,2013,57(4):162169
[28]>L:,Ý3b,c[ã,¡.õ÷h`?lémDE»«[J].
GH)
,2009,29(9):50395046
[29]óG,<[é,+d,¡.£¤õ÷$h¶`q·¸¶(
ëìJ·#$lém
[J].`?),2010,18(4):490495
[30]*e,+K*,^ ²Ð,¡.25ú5hp/^_`aJ|
}~eGºlém
[J].=>4ª<®Å,2013,15(3):
143149
[31]Z²3,f&Þ,^ \:,¡.
HIßá]`?õ÷n_G
|}~k]DE
[J].`?),2008,16(5),442447
[32]ObaG,VetaasOR,StensethNC.Relationshipsbetweenbi
omassandplantspeciesrichnessinaridzonegrazingland[J].
JournalofAppliedEcology,2001,38(4):836845
[33]WuJS,ZhangXZ,ShenZX,犲狋犪犾.Speciesrichnessanddi
versityofalpinegrasslandsontheNorthernTibetanPlateau:
effectsofgrazingexclusionandgrowingseasonprecipitation
[J].JournalofResourcesandEcology,2012,3(3):236242
[34]SaatkampA,RmermannC,DutoitT.Plantfunctionaltraits
shownonlinearresponsetograzing[J].FoliaGeobotanica,
2010,45(3):239252
[35]PoorterH,NiklasKJ,ReichPB,犲狋犪犾.Biomassalocationto
leaves,stemsandroots:metaanalysesofinterspecificvaria
tionandenvironmentalcontrol[J].NewPhytologist,2012,
193(1):3050
[36]VioleC,JiangL.Towardsatraitbasedquantificationofspe
ciesniche[J].JournalofPlantEcology,2009,2(2):8793
(
%&( ,-.)
6611