全 文 :!23" !3#
Vol.23 No.3
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ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
2015$ 5%
May. 2015
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2015.03.023
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Authorforcorrespondence,Email:taoshaolan@163.com
67
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犈犳犳犲犮狋狊狅犳犃犱犱犻狀犵犘狉狅狆犻狅狀犻犮犃犮犻犱狅狀犉犲狉犿犲狀狋犪狋犻狅狀犙狌犪犾犻狋狔犪狀犱犃犲狉狅犫犻犮犛狋犪犫犻犾犻狋狔
狅犳犕犻狓犲犱犛犻犾犪犵犲狅犳犎狌犾犲狊狊犫犪狉犾犲狔犛狋狉犪狑犪狀犱犘犲狉犲狀狀犻犪犾犚狔犲犵狉犪狊狊犻狀犜犻犫犲狋
XINPengcheng1,4,YUANXianjun1,GUOGang1,3,WENAiyou1,
XiaoShenhua1,CANMuyou2,CHENYuxiang2,SHAOTao1
(1.InstituteofEnsilingandProcessingofGrass,ColegeofAnimalScienceandTechnology,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,
Nanjing,JiangsuProvince210095,China;2.Tibetagricultureandanimalhusbandryacademyofsciencesinstituteof
animalhusbandryandveterinaryscience,Lasa,Tibet850003,China;3.ColegeofAnimalScienceandVeterinaryMedicine,
ShanxiAgriculturalUniversity,Taigu,ShanxiProvince030801,China;4.TianshuiCityMaijiDistrictbureauofanimalhusbandry
andveterinarymedicine,Tianshui,GansuProvince741020,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Thisstudywascarriedouttoevaluatetheeffectsofaddingpropionicacidonthefermentation
qualityandaerobicstabilityofmixedsilagesofhulessbarleystrawandperennialryegrass.Therewere
threetreatmentsofdifferentpropionicacidadditionratios(0.3%,0.4%or0.5%offreshweight)plusa
control.Siloswereopenedon30thdayofensiling,sixsilospertreatmentwereusedforfermentationqual
itydetermination,andothersilageswereexposedtotheairfor12daysandsubjectedtoanaerobicstability
evaluation.Theresultsshowedthatthefermentationqualityofaltreatmentswerewel.Therewereno
significantdifferenceinpHvalue,lacticacidanddrymattercontentsamongaltreatments,however,lac
ticacid/aceticacidandwatersolublecarbohydrateinpropionicacidtreatments(exceptPA3)weresignifi
cantlyhigherthancontrol(犘<0.05).ThepropionictreatmentsshowedsignificantlylowerammoniaN/to
talNandbutyricacidcontentcomparedwithcontrol(犘<0.05).Duringaerobicexposure,thepHvalueof
0.4%and0.5%propionicacidadditionincreasedmoreslowlythanthatofcontroland0.3%propionicacid
!3# ÌUS:*úP½<&Í/jø$ñXE]§&ât»ÀQâpTñIÕÖ
additionsilages.Thelacticacid,watersolublecarbohydrateanddrymattercontentdecreasedgradualy
duringaerobicexposure,andincreasedwithpropionicacidadditionratio.ThevalueofammoniaN/totalN
andbutyricacidcontentofalsilagesincreasedduringaerobicexposure,andtheseof0.4%and0.5%pro
pionicacidadditionsilageswerealwayssignificantlylowerthancontroland0.3%additionsilages(犘<
0.05).Theseresultsindicatedthatadding0.4%orabovepropionicacidcouldimprovethefermentation
qualityandaerobicstabilityofthemixedsilage.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Propionicacid;Hulessbarleystraw;Perennialryegrass;Mixedensilage;Fermentationquali
ty;Aerobicstability
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Table1 Chemicalcompositionsofhulessbarleystrawandperennialryegrass
&âþâ
Ensilagematerials
¹&À
Drymatter/g·kg-1FW
`ëÒ
Crudeprotein/g·kg-1DM
ÉøñÄÉ\&
Watersolublecarbohydrate/g·kg-1DM
ø$ñXE]
Perennialryegrass
167.30±2.24 197.58±1.79 117.00±2.44
&Í/
Hulessbarleystraw
333.97±6.42 55.99±1.77 192.22±3.72
:FW:Ä~;DM:¹&À
Note:FW:freshweight;DM:drymatter
1.2 Ö×Øg
íî°¤Ã"ý@«¼
,
LHá#íî
a&Í/jø$ñXE]P4∶6§[4],P½J
*§¢Ä~I0(CK «),0.3%(PA3«),
0.4%(PA4«),0.5%(PA5«)*ú,f&ât
30d¢ÛîÞ&âÎ,PfÛ΢I!0,2,4,
8,12dJ*F,JK&âcâI)¿z{。
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§vy
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b
)
pHð。ݽ(lacticacid,LA)¯ "¤<Ö
2t³
[4]。
üò
(ammonianitrogen,
AN)¯ "¤[~
½ÿt³[5]。¹&À
¯"If65℃SR8¹h60hPCQ~
¢
。
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ÄÉ\&
(watersolublecarbohydrates,WSC)Q
²
(totalnitrogen,TN)I¯"。ÉøñÄÉ\
&¤×Z¼½t³[5],²¤ö÷³
。
ñ¥½
(volatilefattyacids,VFAs)YZ
û½
(aceticacid,AA)、P½(propionicacid,PA)j
;½
(butyricacid,BA),¤x¬Çâ(qGC14
Bb,ÇW_30m×0.25mm×0.25μm]+Ô
W
)
[5],
NO
:
Wy125℃,®\ye180℃,
öye220℃。
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Øo&âÎ
,
£|åUn×
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fÛÎÏfÑx¢I!
2,4,8,12dö°5WF,JK&âcâ8
pHð、¹&À、ݽ、ñ¥½、üò/²
ðjÉøñÄÉ\&¯",
\e|4
,
&
âcâIâpTñ°|2
,
.g°Sã
。
1.4 ijg
°¤ SAS9.0 ÉO5WÇürÖãJK
(ANOVA),¤A7÷(Duncan)Ö³5Wø~tS
(犘<0.05)。
2 mnU,c
2.1 <¿ËWÁ%=>?Ï@Ñ%´*A%
&ûBbÂoÔÕ
¶<૬t
,
&ât30d¢P½*ú«
pH、¹&Àjݽ¯"ãR,-ݽ/û½
vÑÞ<à«
,
|8PA4jPA5«ÑÞ<
à«
(犘<0.05)。P½*ú«û½¯"Þ
<à«
,
P½¯"ÑÞ<à«
(犘<0.05)。
üò
/
²
、
;½¯"Þ<à«
(犘<0.
05),|8üò/²"#P½*ú"Iùú
。
ÉøñÄÉ\&¯"ÑÞ<à
«
(犘<0.05),ç"#P½*ú"Iùúß÷Ñ
。
q2 <¿ËWÁ%=>?Ï@Ñ%´*A%&ûBbÂoÔÕ
Table2 Effectsofaddingpropionicacidonthefermentationqualityofmixedsilagesof
hulessbarleystrawandperennialryegrass
¿¥
Items
Ë5« Treatments
CK PA3 PA4 PA5
¹&À Drymatter/g·kg-1FW 246.48±2.26a 244.79±3.75a 245.29±9.21a 245.74±6.81a
pHðpHvalue 4.16±0.02a 4.10±0.02a 4.14±0.09a 4.18±0.07a
ݽLacticacid/g·kg-1DM 85.38±1.97a 84.80±1.00a 85.40±1.52a 85.79±0.61a
û½Aceticacid/g·kg-1DM 29.12±2.09a 23.56±4.55b 21.35±1.75b 21.33±0.39b
P½Propionicacid/g·kg-1DM 1.00±0.18c 9.02±0.24b 10.35±0.30b 13.68±2.09a
;½Butyricacid/g·kg-1DM 0.67±0.13a 0.14±0.02b 0.16±0.21b 0.14±0.14b
²ñ¥½VFA/g·kg-1DM 30.79±1.81a 32.72±4.81a 31.86±1.89a 35.15±2.34a
ݽ
/
û½Lacticacid/aceticacid 2.94±0.28b 3.51±0.61ab 4.07±0.13a 3.78±0.17a
üò
/
² AN/TN/g·kg-1TN 49.32±1.23a 36.16±0.42b 31.53±0.61c 29.87±1.17c
ÉøñÄÉ\& WSC/g·kg-1DM 32.72±1.48c 36.16±0.32b 38.35±0.97a 39.51±0.68a
:4
wx+ÅË5hãR(犘<0.05),
Note:Valueswithdifferentlittlelettersshowsignificantdifferencesamongtreatments(犘<0.05),Thesameasbelow
695
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<à«
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ç"#P½*ú"IùúߦÑ
。
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,
)«pH
ð
ք
。
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4
,4d¢÷(犘<0.05),Ø!12d}Ø
7.35。PA3«jPA4«pHðf0~8d\e
S4
,
g¢ãÃ÷
(犘<0.05),fÏf!12dJ
*}Ø7.64j5.69,æPA5«pHðfïAâp
ÏfÉù\z4
,
!12d,pH ð<÷C4.95。
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PA3j<à«,Ïf4d¢pH ð7é)f4.20
。
fïAâpÉù)«Ý½¯"
,
<à«jPA3«Ý½¯"fÏf12dC20
g·kg-1DMP,æPA4jPA5«Ý½¯"J
*_48.22j53.03g·kg-1DM,ÑÞPA3
j<à«
(犘<0.05)。
q3 <¿ËWÁ4¾DEîï;%=>?UÏ@Ñ%´*A%&*T狆犎â、FºÂFW*åoÔÕ
Table3 EffectsofaddingpropionicacidonthepHvalue,DMandLAcontentsofmixed
silagesofhulessbarleystrawandperennialryegrassduringaerobicexposure
¿¥
Items
Ë5
Treatments
âpÏfÈG Aerobicdays/d
0 2 4 8 12
¹&À
Drymatter
/g·kg-1FW
CK 246.48±2.26Aa 233.82±2.97Cb 222.12±3.47Bc 212.45±7.00Bd 199.87±4.09Ce
PA3 244.79±3.75Aa 235.04±3.08BCb 225.73±1.30ABc 216.12±1.67Bc 201.38±5.12Cd
PA4 245.29±9.21Aa 242.44±4.23Aa 224.60±1.76ABbc 233.02±1.62Ab 219.17±4.00Bc
PA5 245.74±6.81Aa 241.58±4.94ABab 229.05±1.66Ac 235.44±8.39Aabc 231.59±8.16Abc
pHð
pHvalue
CK 4.16±0.02Ac 4.24±0.03Ac 4.47±0.14Ac 5.41±0.14Ab 7.35±0.36Aa
PA3 4.10±0.02Ad 4.23±0.07Acd 4.42±0.13Abc 4.67±0.19Bb 7.64±0.19Aa
PA4 4.14±0.09Ab 4.13±0.01Bb 4.19±0.13Bb 4.43±0.31Bb 5.69±1.00Ba
PA5 4.18±0.07Ab 4.13±0.02Bb 4.27±0.02ABb 4.74±0.32Ba 4.95±0.47Ba
ݽ
Lacticacid
/g·kg-1DM
CK 85.38±1.97Aa 66.38±6.02Bb 56.22±1.96Cc 43.76±5.03Bd 17.73±6.01Be
PA3 84.80±1.00Aa 70.57±0.55ABa 57.17±1.45BCb 45.55±10.71Bc 19.73±4.80Bd
PA4 85.40±1.52Aa 76.10±7.82Ab 66.83±2.69ABb 55.23±7.66ABc 48.13±1.99Ac
PA5 85.79±0.61Aa 74.00±2.90ABab 74.66±9.73Aab 63.40±10.63Abc 53.03±12.12Ac
ݽ
/
û½
Lacticacid/aceticacid
CK 2.94±0.28Ba 2.59±0.53Ba 3.08±0.50Aa 3.68±1.11Ba 2.39±1.14Ba
PA3 3.69±0.70ABa 3.21±0.07ABa 3.66±0.93Aa 3.98±0.73Ba 2.62±0.56BCa
PA4 4.01±0.28Ab 3.41±0.39ABb 3.96±0.99Ab 5.17±1.17ABab 6.31±1.90Aa
PA5 4.02±0.06Ab 4.37±1.07Ab 4.09±0.75Ab 7.42±1.45Aa 5.28±1.12ABb
:4
wx+ŬË5âpÏfÈGhãR;à
wx+ŬÈGË5hãR(犘<0.05),
Note:Valueswithdifferentlittlelettersshowsignificantdifferencesamongaerobicdaysinthesametreatment,valueswithdifferentcapital
lettersshowsignificantdifferencesamongtreatmentsinthesameaerobicday(犘<0.05),thesameasbelow
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Table4 Effectsofaddingpropionicacidonthevolatilefattyacidcontentsofmixedsilagesofhulessbarleystraw
andperennialryegrassduringaerobicexposure
¿¥
Items
Ë5
Treatments
âpÏfÈG Aerobicdays/d
0 2 4 8 12
û½
Aceticacid
/g·kg-1DM
CK 29.12±2.09Aa 26.17±3.75Aa 18.64±3.47Ab 12.32±2.28ABc 10.09±2.8ABc
PA3 23.56±4.55Ba 21.96±0.33ABab 16.43±4.79Ab 11.40±1.10ABbc 7.50±0.44Ac
PA4 21.35±1.75Ba 22.30±0.28Aa 17.70±5.12Aa 9.23±3.44Bb 8.12±2.48ABb
PA5 21.33±0.39Ba 17.47±3.45Bb 18.39±1.02Aab 8.59±0.50Bc 8.25.09±1.42Ac
P½
Propionicacid
/g·kg-1DM
CK 1.00±0.18Cab 1.09±0.19Cab 0.69±0.07Bb 1.21±0.08Ca 1.20±0.41Ba
PA3 9.02±0.24Ba 7.82±0.06Ba 8.34±4.63Aa 6.11±0.95Bab 2.68±0.75Bb
PA4 10.35±0.30Ba 12.15±0.54Aa 10.20±3.67Aa 10.36±0.94Aa 8.17±0.58Ab
PA5 13.68±2.09Aa 10.93±2.72Aa 11.75±1.35Aa 11.95±0.73Aa 9.59±4.23Aa
;½
Butyricacid
/g·kg-1DM
CK 0.67±0.13Ac 0.72±0.11Ac 0.74±0.05Ac 1.24±0.12Ab 1.95±0.12Aa
PA3 0.14±0.02Bc 0.14±0.04Bc 0.25±0.19ABc 0.70±0.08Bb 1.17±0.10Ba
PA4 0.16±0.21Bab 0.01±0.01Cb 0.04±0.05Cb 0.07±0.05Cb 0.30±0.14Cab
PA5 0.14±0.14Bbc 0.05±0.01BCc 0.02±0.02Cc 0.41±0.02Db 0.23±0.06Ca
²ñ¥½
Totalvolatilefatty
acids/g·kg-1DM
CK 30.79±1.81Aa 27.97±3.74Aa 20.60±3.50Ab 14.23±2.52Bbc 11.40±3.22Bc
PA3 32.72±4.81Aa 29.92±0.40Aab 25.02±9.21Aab 22.69±4.84Ab 11.35±0.60Bc
PA4 31.86±1.89Aa 34.47±0.83Aa 27.94±6.36Aa 21.35±2.38Ac 16.60±1.95ABc
PA5 35.15±2.34Aa 28.45±6.16Aa 30.16±2.39Aa 13.95±1.25Bb 19.91±5.21Ab
q5 <¿ËWÁ4¾DEîï;%=>?UÏ@Ñ%´*A%&*T¼p//G/+6ÐJ+)º*åoÔÕ
Table5 EffectsofaddingpropionicacidontheWSCcontentandAN/TNofmixedsilages
ofhulessbarleystrawandperennialryegrassduringaerobicexposure
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Items
Ë5
Treatments
âpÏfÈG Aerobicdays/d
0 2 4 8 12
üò
/
²
AmmoniaN/TotalN
/g·kg-1DM
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PA3 39.79±2.84Bd 39.79±2.84Bd 56.52±3.37Bc 64.03±0.68Bb 82.93.20±2.47Ba
PA4 31.53±0.61Ce 34.73±0.93BCd 40.56±1.40Cc 46.92±0.22Cb 63.8.±1.33Ca
PA5 29.87±1.17Cd 33.15±2.38Cd 39.22±3.96Cc 44.83±2.20Cb 53.45±0.87Da
ÉøñÄÉ\&
Watersoluble
carbohydrates/g·kg-1DM
CK 32.72±1.48Ca 30.57±1.90Ba 27.18±2.38Cb 20.21±0.68Cc 10.58±0.29Cd
PA3 36.16±0.42Ba 34.34±1.52Aa 30.17±2.40BCb 25.27±2.31Bc 19.75±1.44Bd
PA4 38.35±0.97Aa 35.80±0.89Aab 32.23±0.86ABc 29.08±1.90Ad 23.51±1.67Ae
PA5 39.51±0.68Aa 36.79±1.78Aab 34.64±0.89Ab 29.35±1.52Ac 24.24±2.34Ad
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>?
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