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Effects of Adding Propionic Acid on Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability of Mixed Silage of Hullessbarley Straw and Perennial Ryegrass in Tibet

添加丙酸对青稞秸秆和多年生黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响



全 文 :!23" !3#
 Vol.23  No.3
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ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2015$  5%
  May.  2015
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2015.03.023
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Authorforcorrespondence,Email:taoshaolan@163.com
67

_¶·‹ŒÉuP½<&Í
(犎狅狉犱犲狌犿狏狌犾犵犪狉犲)/jø$ñXE](犔狅犾犻狌犿狆犲狉犲狀狀犲)§&â’t»ÀQ
âpTˆñIÕÖ

íî‹0(CK),0.3%(PA3),0.4%(PA4)j0.5%P½(PA5)4AË5«。&â¢!30dÛ
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-P½*ú«Ý½

û½

üPA3«)jÉøñÄÉ\&¯"œ‹ÑÞ<à«(犘<0.05),üòŒ/²Œj;½¯
"œ‹ƒÞ<à«
(犘<0.05)。âpÏfÉù,PA4jPA5«pHð¶<à«jPA3«¬t†÷‚eS4,ݽ、
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çÉøñÄÉ\&¯""#P½*ú"Iùàæ÷Ñ

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çPA4jPA5«œ‹ƒÞ<à«jPA3«(犘<0.05)。+›*ú0.4%P†IP½
ôÛ4§&âcâI’t»ÀjâpTˆñ

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犈犳犳犲犮狋狊狅犳犃犱犱犻狀犵犘狉狅狆犻狅狀犻犮犃犮犻犱狅狀犉犲狉犿犲狀狋犪狋犻狅狀犙狌犪犾犻狋狔犪狀犱犃犲狉狅犫犻犮犛狋犪犫犻犾犻狋狔
狅犳犕犻狓犲犱犛犻犾犪犵犲狅犳犎狌犾犲狊狊犫犪狉犾犲狔犛狋狉犪狑犪狀犱犘犲狉犲狀狀犻犪犾犚狔犲犵狉犪狊狊犻狀犜犻犫犲狋
XINPengcheng1,4,YUANXianjun1,GUOGang1,3,WENAiyou1,
XiaoShenhua1,CANMuyou2,CHENYuxiang2,SHAOTao1
(1.InstituteofEnsilingandProcessingofGrass,ColegeofAnimalScienceandTechnology,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,
Nanjing,JiangsuProvince210095,China;2.Tibetagricultureandanimalhusbandryacademyofsciencesinstituteof
animalhusbandryandveterinaryscience,Lasa,Tibet850003,China;3.ColegeofAnimalScienceandVeterinaryMedicine,
ShanxiAgriculturalUniversity,Taigu,ShanxiProvince030801,China;4.TianshuiCityMaijiDistrictbureauofanimalhusbandry
andveterinarymedicine,Tianshui,GansuProvince741020,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Thisstudywascarriedouttoevaluatetheeffectsofaddingpropionicacidonthefermentation
qualityandaerobicstabilityofmixedsilagesofhulessbarleystrawandperennialryegrass.Therewere
threetreatmentsofdifferentpropionicacidadditionratios(0.3%,0.4%or0.5%offreshweight)plusa
control.Siloswereopenedon30thdayofensiling,sixsilospertreatmentwereusedforfermentationqual
itydetermination,andothersilageswereexposedtotheairfor12daysandsubjectedtoanaerobicstability
evaluation.Theresultsshowedthatthefermentationqualityofaltreatmentswerewel.Therewereno
significantdifferenceinpHvalue,lacticacidanddrymattercontentsamongaltreatments,however,lac
ticacid/aceticacidandwatersolublecarbohydrateinpropionicacidtreatments(exceptPA3)weresignifi
cantlyhigherthancontrol(犘<0.05).ThepropionictreatmentsshowedsignificantlylowerammoniaN/to
talNandbutyricacidcontentcomparedwithcontrol(犘<0.05).Duringaerobicexposure,thepHvalueof
0.4%and0.5%propionicacidadditionincreasedmoreslowlythanthatofcontroland0.3%propionicacid
!3# ÌUS:*úP½<&͝/jø$ñXE]§&â’t»ÀQâpTˆñIÕÖ
additionsilages.Thelacticacid,watersolublecarbohydrateanddrymattercontentdecreasedgradualy
duringaerobicexposure,andincreasedwithpropionicacidadditionratio.ThevalueofammoniaN/totalN
andbutyricacidcontentofalsilagesincreasedduringaerobicexposure,andtheseof0.4%and0.5%pro
pionicacidadditionsilageswerealwayssignificantlylowerthancontroland0.3%additionsilages(犘<
0.05).Theseresultsindicatedthatadding0.4%orabovepropionicacidcouldimprovethefermentation
qualityandaerobicstabilityofthemixedsilage.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Propionicacid;Hulessbarleystraw;Perennialryegrass;Mixedensilage;Fermentationquali
ty;Aerobicstability
  ]4)*÷˜0]¸ÄíîIºWÍ÷,<0
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q1 %=>?Ï@Ñ%´*),u,
Table1 Chemicalcompositionsofhulessbarleystrawandperennialryegrass
&âþâ
Ensilagematerials
¹&À
Drymatter/g·kg-1FW
`ëÒ
Crudeprotein/g·kg-1DM
ÉøñÄÉ\&
Watersolublecarbohydrate/g·kg-1DM
ø$ñXE]
Perennialryegrass
167.30±2.24 197.58±1.79 117.00±2.44
&͝/
Hulessbarleystraw
333.97±6.42 55.99±1.77 192.22±3.72
  •:FW:Ä~;DM:¹&À
Note:FW:freshweight;DM:drymatter
1.2 Ö×Øg
íî°¤”Ã"ý@«‹¼

LHá#íî€
a&͝/jø$ñXE]P4∶6§[4],P½J
*’§¢Ä~I0(CK «),0.3%(PA3«),
0.4%(PA4«),0.5%(PA5«)*ú,f&â’t
30d¢€Û“îÞ&âÎ,PfÛ΢I!0,2,4,
8,12dJ*“F,ˆJK&âcâI)¿z{。
‘AË5)AŽh݋ò6A~¡,¼120Aí
595
! " # $ !23"
îÞ&âÎ

“îÞ&âÎ_22LI6W=î
âÎ*

âåC2¦Æ,ÜÞJ~éî。
1.3 Ö×VW
1.3.1 Šâã’@v WÓ5I&͝/jø
$ñXE]¤ÓoK5C2cm€,J*9“&Í
/jø$ñXE]P~"t4:6§y¢’íî‹
¼*ú"WP½vyÔÕf&âûâ†

§vy
¢1c©>ؓîÞ&âÎ8

o“¢Æ†åCÆ

P¤ÁUJ~

òÞÞyéî

1.3.2 ä×®CÚ &â30d¢€Û&âÎ,“
qÃU&âcâPRû§y

“É35gF»,Ó¬
100mL=$»v,ú70mLì‚rÉ,òÞ4℃ê
RåH¦24h。ö¢:;ó¦wjÞ±;Þ,W
ÞnZêéîÞ-20℃êRԝ。Þn¤:ˆ
pHð、ݽ、üòŒ、”’ñ€¥½。WZ‘I&
âcâÓÊï:S¹9~

ˆ¹&À

²ŒPQÉ
øñÄÉ\&

1.3.3 Šâåæ×tz{ ¤pHˆâ(HI223
b

ˆpHð。ݽ(lacticacid,LA)¯ "¤<Ö
2˜†t–³ˆ
[4]。
üòŒ
(ammonianitrogen,
AN)¯ "¤†[~…½ÿt–³ˆ[5]。¹&À
¯"Iˆ˜f65℃SR8¹h60hP†CQ~
¢ˆ

WF»+Û;1mmº¢¤ÞˆÉøñ
ÄÉ\&
(watersolublecarbohydrates,WSC)Q
²Œ
(totalnitrogen,TN)I¯"。ÉøñÄÉ\
&¤×Z¼½t–³ˆ[5],²Œ¤ö÷ˆŒ³
ˆ

”’ñ€¥½
(volatilefattyacids,VFAs)YZ
û½
(aceticacid,AA)、P½(propionicacid,PA)j

(butyricacid,BA),¤x¬–Çâ(qGC14
Bb,–ÇW_30m×0.25mm×0.25μm]+Ô
W

ˆ
[5],
ˆNO

Wy125℃,®\ye180℃,
öye220℃。
1.3.4 àç™AMz{ €Û&âÎåCÆ,}„
Øo&âÎ

£|åUn×

ö¢WÆ}}4Æf“
îÞ&âΆ

*·Ñx8âD„ñ&à"¾¬

-
ŒŽ‚ôé{ÑxI5¬

fÛÎÏfÑx¢I!
2,4,8,12dö°5W“F,ˆJK&âcâ8
pHð、¹&À、ݽ、”’ñ€¥½、üòŒ/²Œ
ðjÉøñÄÉ\&¯"—,
—\‚e|4

&
âcâIâpTˆñ°|2

.g°Sã

1.4 ijg
°¤ SAS9.0 ÉO5WÇürÖãJK
(ANOVA),¤A7÷(Duncan)Ö³5Wø~tS
(犘<0.05)。
2 mnU,c
2.1 <¿ËWÁ%=>?Ï@Ñ%´*A–%
&ûBbÂoÔÕ
¶<૬t

&â’t30d¢P½*ú«
pH、¹&Àjݽ¯"ãR‹œ‹,-ݽ/û½
vÑÞ<à«

|8PA4jPA5«œ‹ÑÞ<
à«
(犘<0.05)。P½*ú«û½¯"œ‹ƒÞ
<à«

P½¯"œ‹ÑÞ<à«
(犘<0.05)。
üòŒ

²Œ

;½¯"œ‹ƒÞ<à«
(犘<0.
05),|8üòŒ/²Œ"#P½*ú"Iùúœ
…ƒ

ÉøñÄÉ\&¯"œ‹ÑÞ<à
«
(犘<0.05),ç"#P½*ú"Iùúß÷Ñ
”•

q2 <¿ËWÁ%=>?Ï@Ñ%´*A–%&ûBbÂoÔÕ
Table2 Effectsofaddingpropionicacidonthefermentationqualityofmixedsilagesof
hulessbarleystrawandperennialryegrass
ˆ¿¥
Items
Ë5« Treatments
CK PA3 PA4 PA5
¹&À Drymatter/g·kg-1FW 246.48±2.26a 244.79±3.75a 245.29±9.21a 245.74±6.81a
pHðpHvalue 4.16±0.02a 4.10±0.02a 4.14±0.09a 4.18±0.07a
ݽLacticacid/g·kg-1DM 85.38±1.97a 84.80±1.00a 85.40±1.52a 85.79±0.61a
û½Aceticacid/g·kg-1DM 29.12±2.09a 23.56±4.55b 21.35±1.75b 21.33±0.39b
P½Propionicacid/g·kg-1DM 1.00±0.18c 9.02±0.24b 10.35±0.30b 13.68±2.09a
;½Butyricacid/g·kg-1DM 0.67±0.13a 0.14±0.02b 0.16±0.21b 0.14±0.14b
²”’ñ€¥½VFA/g·kg-1DM 30.79±1.81a 32.72±4.81a 31.86±1.89a 35.15±2.34a
ݽ

û½Lacticacid/aceticacid 2.94±0.28b 3.51±0.61ab 4.07±0.13a 3.78±0.17a
üòŒ

²Œ AN/TN/g·kg-1TN 49.32±1.23a 36.16±0.42b 31.53±0.61c 29.87±1.17c
ÉøñÄÉ\& WSC/g·kg-1DM 32.72±1.48c 36.16±0.32b 38.35±0.97a 39.51±0.68a
  •:‹Œ4…wx+ŋŒË5hãRœ‹(犘<0.05),Œ
Note:Valueswithdifferentlittlelettersshowsignificantdifferencesamongtreatments(犘<0.05),Thesameasbelow
695
!3# ÌUS:*úP½<&͝/jø$ñXE]§&â’t»ÀQâpTˆñIÕÖ
2.2 <¿ËWÁ%=>?Ï@Ñ%´*A–%
&*T4¾C®ÐoÔÕ
âpÏf#h

)«¹&À¯"vߍ”
•

|8<ૹ&À¯"‚eSà

f)Ž
hÝP½*ú«¹&À¯"vÑÞ6ל‹ÑÞ
<à«

ç"#P½*ú"Iùúߦє•

"#&âcâÏfØÑx8ŽhI?·

)«pH
ðœ…÷Ñ

<à«pHðf0~4d—\‚eS
4
,4d¢œ‹†÷(犘<0.05),Ø!12d}Ø
7.35。PA3«jPA4«pHðf0~8d—\‚e
S4

g¢ãÆ÷
(犘<0.05),fÏf!12dJ
*}Ø7.64j5.69,æPA5«pHðfïAâp
ÏfÉù—\z4

!12d,pH ð<÷C4.95。
ïAâpÏf#hPA4jPA5«pHðÜæƒÞ
PA3j<à«,Ïf4d¢pH ð7é)f4.20


fïAâpÉù)«Ý½¯"œ…ƒ

<à«jPA3«Ý½¯"fÏf12dC20
g·kg-1DMP,æPA4jPA5«Ý½¯"J
*_48.22j53.03g·kg-1DM,œ‹ÑÞPA3
j<à«
(犘<0.05)。
q3 <¿ËWÁ4¾DEîï;%=>?UÏ@Ñ%´*A–%&*T狆犎â、FºÂFW*åoÔÕ
Table3 EffectsofaddingpropionicacidonthepHvalue,DMandLAcontentsofmixed
silagesofhulessbarleystrawandperennialryegrassduringaerobicexposure
ˆ¿¥
Items
Ë5
Treatments
âpÏfÈG Aerobicdays/d
0 2 4 8 12
¹&À
Drymatter
/g·kg-1FW
CK 246.48±2.26Aa 233.82±2.97Cb 222.12±3.47Bc 212.45±7.00Bd 199.87±4.09Ce
PA3 244.79±3.75Aa 235.04±3.08BCb 225.73±1.30ABc 216.12±1.67Bc 201.38±5.12Cd
PA4 245.29±9.21Aa 242.44±4.23Aa 224.60±1.76ABbc 233.02±1.62Ab 219.17±4.00Bc
PA5 245.74±6.81Aa 241.58±4.94ABab 229.05±1.66Ac 235.44±8.39Aabc 231.59±8.16Abc
pHð
pHvalue
CK 4.16±0.02Ac 4.24±0.03Ac 4.47±0.14Ac 5.41±0.14Ab 7.35±0.36Aa
PA3 4.10±0.02Ad 4.23±0.07Acd 4.42±0.13Abc 4.67±0.19Bb 7.64±0.19Aa
PA4 4.14±0.09Ab 4.13±0.01Bb 4.19±0.13Bb 4.43±0.31Bb 5.69±1.00Ba
PA5 4.18±0.07Ab 4.13±0.02Bb 4.27±0.02ABb 4.74±0.32Ba 4.95±0.47Ba
ݽ
Lacticacid
/g·kg-1DM
CK 85.38±1.97Aa 66.38±6.02Bb 56.22±1.96Cc 43.76±5.03Bd 17.73±6.01Be
PA3 84.80±1.00Aa 70.57±0.55ABa 57.17±1.45BCb 45.55±10.71Bc 19.73±4.80Bd
PA4 85.40±1.52Aa 76.10±7.82Ab 66.83±2.69ABb 55.23±7.66ABc 48.13±1.99Ac
PA5 85.79±0.61Aa 74.00±2.90ABab 74.66±9.73Aab 63.40±10.63Abc 53.03±12.12Ac
ݽ

û½
Lacticacid/aceticacid
CK 2.94±0.28Ba 2.59±0.53Ba 3.08±0.50Aa 3.68±1.11Ba 2.39±1.14Ba
PA3 3.69±0.70ABa 3.21±0.07ABa 3.66±0.93Aa 3.98±0.73Ba 2.62±0.56BCa
PA4 4.01±0.28Ab 3.41±0.39ABb 3.96±0.99Ab 5.17±1.17ABab 6.31±1.90Aa
PA5 4.02±0.06Ab 4.37±1.07Ab 4.09±0.75Ab 7.42±1.45Aa 5.28±1.12ABb
  •:‹Œ4…wx+ŬŒË5‹ŒâpÏfÈGhãRœ‹;‹Œà…wx+ŬŒÈG‹ŒË5hãRœ‹(犘<0.05),Œ
Note:Valueswithdifferentlittlelettersshowsignificantdifferencesamongaerobicdaysinthesametreatment,valueswithdifferentcapital
lettersshowsignificantdifferencesamongtreatmentsinthesameaerobicday(犘<0.05),thesameasbelow
  âpÏfÉù”’ñ€¥½¯"—\ß+4n
Å

"#ÏfŽhI?·

)«û½¯"vœ…


Ø!12d)«û½¯"ÿœ‹ãR。P½*ú
«8P½¯"œ‹ÑÞ<à«
(犘<0.05),âpÏ
fÉù

;½¯"œ…†÷
,PA4jPA5«Üæƒ
Þ<à«jPA3«,|84d¢œ‹ƒÞ<àj
PA3«(犘<0.05),-vé)fvƒÉu。²”’
ñ€¥½¶û½¯"—\”•¬Ù

âpÏfÉùüòŒ

²ŒjÉøñÄÉ\
&¯"I—\ß+5nÅ。<à«IüòŒ/²Œ
ðfïAâpÉùœ‹÷Ñ
(犘<0.05),P½*ú
«f0~2dÿœ‹—\,Ïf2d¢œ‹÷Ñ(犘<
0.05)。f)AŽhÝP½*ú«üòŒ/²Œðƒ
Þ<à«

|8PA4jPA5«œ‹ƒÞ<à«j
PA3«(犘<0.05)。)«ÉøñÄÉ\&¯"œ
…ƒ

-PA3«j<à«!2d¢œ‹,æ
PA4jPA5«4d¢Ûܜ‹(犘<0.05),ç
PA4jPA5«ÉøñÄÉ\&¯"Ü朋Ñ
Þ<à«
(犘<0.05)。
3 œ
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Table4 Effectsofaddingpropionicacidonthevolatilefattyacidcontentsofmixedsilagesofhulessbarleystraw
andperennialryegrassduringaerobicexposure
ˆ¿¥
Items
Ë5
Treatments
âpÏfÈG Aerobicdays/d
0 2 4 8 12
û½
Aceticacid
/g·kg-1DM
CK 29.12±2.09Aa 26.17±3.75Aa 18.64±3.47Ab 12.32±2.28ABc 10.09±2.8ABc
PA3 23.56±4.55Ba 21.96±0.33ABab 16.43±4.79Ab 11.40±1.10ABbc 7.50±0.44Ac
PA4 21.35±1.75Ba 22.30±0.28Aa 17.70±5.12Aa 9.23±3.44Bb 8.12±2.48ABb
PA5 21.33±0.39Ba 17.47±3.45Bb 18.39±1.02Aab 8.59±0.50Bc 8.25.09±1.42Ac

Propionicacid
/g·kg-1DM
CK 1.00±0.18Cab 1.09±0.19Cab 0.69±0.07Bb 1.21±0.08Ca 1.20±0.41Ba
PA3 9.02±0.24Ba 7.82±0.06Ba 8.34±4.63Aa 6.11±0.95Bab 2.68±0.75Bb
PA4 10.35±0.30Ba 12.15±0.54Aa 10.20±3.67Aa 10.36±0.94Aa 8.17±0.58Ab
PA5 13.68±2.09Aa 10.93±2.72Aa 11.75±1.35Aa 11.95±0.73Aa 9.59±4.23Aa

Butyricacid
/g·kg-1DM
CK 0.67±0.13Ac 0.72±0.11Ac 0.74±0.05Ac 1.24±0.12Ab 1.95±0.12Aa
PA3 0.14±0.02Bc 0.14±0.04Bc 0.25±0.19ABc 0.70±0.08Bb 1.17±0.10Ba
PA4 0.16±0.21Bab 0.01±0.01Cb 0.04±0.05Cb 0.07±0.05Cb 0.30±0.14Cab
PA5 0.14±0.14Bbc 0.05±0.01BCc 0.02±0.02Cc 0.41±0.02Db 0.23±0.06Ca
²”’ñ€¥½
Totalvolatilefatty
acids/g·kg-1DM
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PA3 32.72±4.81Aa 29.92±0.40Aab 25.02±9.21Aab 22.69±4.84Ab 11.35±0.60Bc
PA4 31.86±1.89Aa 34.47±0.83Aa 27.94±6.36Aa 21.35±2.38Ac 16.60±1.95ABc
PA5 35.15±2.34Aa 28.45±6.16Aa 30.16±2.39Aa 13.95±1.25Bb 19.91±5.21Ab
q5 <¿ËWÁ4¾DEîï;%=>?UÏ@Ñ%´*A–%&*T¼p//G/+6ÐJ+)–º*åoÔÕ
Table5 EffectsofaddingpropionicacidontheWSCcontentandAN/TNofmixedsilages
ofhulessbarleystrawandperennialryegrassduringaerobicexposure
ˆ¿¥
Items
Ë5
Treatments
âpÏfÈG Aerobicdays/d
0 2 4 8 12
üòŒ

²Œ
AmmoniaN/TotalN
/g·kg-1DM
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PA3 39.79±2.84Bd 39.79±2.84Bd 56.52±3.37Bc 64.03±0.68Bb 82.93.20±2.47Ba
PA4 31.53±0.61Ce 34.73±0.93BCd 40.56±1.40Cc 46.92±0.22Cb 63.8.±1.33Ca
PA5 29.87±1.17Cd 33.15±2.38Cd 39.22±3.96Cc 44.83±2.20Cb 53.45±0.87Da
ÉøñÄÉ\&
Watersoluble
carbohydrates/g·kg-1DM
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PA3 36.16±0.42Ba 34.34±1.52Aa 30.17±2.40BCb 25.27±2.31Bc 19.75±1.44Bd
PA4 38.35±0.97Aa 35.80±0.89Aab 32.23±0.86ABc 29.08±1.90Ad 23.51±1.67Ae
PA5 39.51±0.68Aa 36.79±1.78Aab 34.64±0.89Ab 29.35±1.52Ac 24.24±2.34Ad
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[1] …д,¬V½,Ç.0]]4)*÷,=JKQv)°’
“¾¿
[J].8¸]4,2001,23(4):7375
[2] WoolfordM K.Thedetrimentaleffectsofaironsilage[J].
JournalofAppliedMicrobiology,1990,68(2):101116
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servativesbasedonpropionicacidonthefermentationandaer
obicstabilityofcorndilageandatotalmixedration[J].Jour
nalofDairyScience,1998,81(5):13221330
[4] ÌUS.¦Ñ0]4@&͝/jø$ñXE]§&â’
t»ÀQâpTˆñIÌÍ
[D].TÀ:TÀ®÷à.,2013:
11
[5] ShaoT,ZhangZ,ShimojoM,犲狋犪犾.Comparisonoffermenta
tioncharacteristicsofItalianryegrass(犔狅犾犻狌犿犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿
Lam.)andguineagrass(犘犪狀犻犮狌犿犿犪狓犻犿狌犿Jacq.)duringthe
earlystageofensiling[J].AsianAustralasianJournalofAni
malSciences,2005,18(12):1727
[6] –ùš,°£.P½<øLXE]&â’t×ò—\IÕÖ
[J].]÷.¸,2009,18(2):102107
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995
! " # $ !23"
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