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Nutrient Contents and Rumen Degradability Characteristics of Bothriochloa ischaemum at Different Growth Stages

不同生长期白羊草的营养成分及绵羊瘤胃降解特性



全 文 :!23" !6#
 Vol.23  No.6
! " # $
ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2015$  11%
  Nov.  2015
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2015.06.024
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:S544    [\]^_:A     [`aZ:10070435(2015)06129508
犖狌狋狉犻犲狀狋犆狅狀狋犲狀狋狊犪狀犱犚狌犿犲狀犇犲犵狉犪犱犪犫犻犾犻狋狔犆犺犪狉犪犮狋犲狉犻狊狋犻犮狊狅犳
犅狅狋犺狉犻狅犮犺犾狅犪犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿犪狋犇犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋犌狉狅狑狋犺犛狋犪犵犲狊
JIQiwu,HANRudan,DONGKuanhu,LIULin,
ZHANGJie,HANShijie,YINXuehong,YANGYa
(ColegeofAnimalScienceandVeterinaryMedicine,ShanxiAgriculturalUniversity,Taigu,ShanxiProvince030801,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Inordertoinvestigatethechangeruleandtherumendegradationruleofnutritivecontentsof
犅狅狋犺狉犻狅犮犺犾狅犪犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿atdifferentgrowthstages,Fifteenmuttonsheepfittedwithpermanentrumenfis
tulawereselectedtoestimatetherumendegradationruleofnutritivecontentsof犅.犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿atdifferent
growthstages犻狀狊犻狋狌.Theresultsshowedthatthenutritivecontentsof犅.犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿atdifferentgrowth
stageshadsignificantdifferences(犘<0.05).Withtheprogressofmaturity,thecontentsofcrudeprotein
(CP),crudeash(Ash),ethanolextract(EE),calcium (Ca)andphosphorus(P)decreased,whereasthe
contentsoforganicmatter(OM),neutraldetergentfiber(NDF),aciddetergentfiber(ADF)andacidde
tergentlignin(ADL)increased.Thedisappearancerateat72handeffectivedegradationrateofdrymatter
(DM),OM,NDFandADFof犅.犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿decreasedwiththedevelopmentofgrowthperiod.Theeffec
tivedegradationrateofCPinjointingstagewasthehighest,folowedbytheheadingstage.Thecompre
hensiveconsiderationofnutrientcontents,nutrientyieldsandrumendegradationcharacteristicssuggested
that犅.犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿shouldbeharvestedinheadingstage.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:犅狅狋犺狉犻狅犮犺犾狅犪犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿;Growthstage;Nutritionalcomponents;Dynamicchange;Rumen
degradability
CDEF
:20140923;GHEF:20150311
IJKL

568<®R=µ†
(201203110111);568<®Zøvwã"óùµ†(20120910040101)B
MNOP

ž%J
(1989),‚,56“‘…,½‡DEG,DEˆÊ¾XŸDeßAh)<),Email:qiwu_ji@126.com;›’“
Authorforcorrespondence,Email:dongkuanhu@126.com
  F`(犅狅狋犺狉犻狅犮犺犾狅犪犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿Keng)¾á§
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;•?vw5`eß7xÎy#~lˆò

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~lQ‹Ä:

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1.1 Bjè^
H2013$6-9%x2h…¿fgG&!4$
lêr#

¢ã#

¥ã#

™Ó#e7à#l¯°
p·F`»¼`G©}

©}ÞÊz”3[–
±u&øËl?O`G

ô¦5cm,ëBúH
105℃¤‰=¨230min,Y>”65℃ͤ48h•
ñQ

£¢Žª‰z»¼ª‰

ö40†%>å`
HX÷V=

úH¼,%&¾

1.1 ght>9_m
°TD±¢15›ÓQMÇ(34.6±0.57
kg),23~Lˆ|l3¢†F,°TH3ƒl8
∶00e18∶00»¼h£,Xs¤Œ,·h#¾
15d。°T\l¾1.3Ÿv€ˆ‹º,\l67
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v1 I`EaÃ]9Ή“½(8>ÂI`)
Table1 Thecompositionandnutrientlevelofadietforthetestedsheep(DMbasis)
q)Ingredients pºContent/% eߌãNutrientlevel pºContent/%
LèCorn 22.0 %ò(DM) 93.14
î¥Soybeanmeal 17.0 q(CP) 13.84
UVAlfalfa 59.0 =~ •uv(NDF) 36.82
b/©1SodiumBicarbonate 0.2 /~ •uv(ADF) 21.47
brNaCl 0.6 B(Ca) 0.53
ЪLimestone 0.2 (P) 0.26
·~)Premix 1.0 qè*(EE) 1.3
°Total 100.0 @x(Ash) 8.63
  Ô:·~)¾3kg\lÂÃ:b/1250g,€ò250g,VA20000IU,VD3500IU,VE500IU
Note:Thepremixprovidedthefolowingdietsperkg:Na2CO3250g,Minerals250g,VA20000IU,VD3500IU,VE500IU
1.2 ghef
°T±¢Ï›¾300†(0.05mm)lÖQ
V»¼

°T‡c_ÖQV”’œ=gú72h,
uS¤%>õQd¢

;•õu3.0000g6
9l}þúHÖQV=

3›F3[ÞùR+
e[ã¼}

32[ã¼}Ԍ¼oHò×&
20cmlÿZt)À—,H¦h‡ö€’œ§¨
¾

Àl]òÚIH’œÀ&—

3[}þ”
’œ=gß4,8,12,24,48e72h>,‡-“g
4g€

¤ÞuS

lqÑuS

ž=0hl}
þ£Rö’œ­gß

xyAuSlÖQVò
¤¢ z»¼² 

x•Œ²©¾

Y>”
65℃ͤ%48hx•ñQ,å`HX÷V=,
úH¼,%&¾

1.3 €ó]9ef
No’œÎy‡}þlíÚeß7x

<=%
ò
(DM)、Ùz(OM)、qò(CP)、qè*
(EE)、@x(Ash)、=~ •uv(NDF)、/~ •
uv
(ADF)、/~ •üòw(ADL)、B(Ca)e
(P)ˆòÖ-žM­[18]ŠWl《h)x£¶h)ò
º[N®]

=lˆò

’œÎy>lžªðhDM,OM,CP,NDFe
ADFlpº»¼No,ˆò¤—。
1.4 gh¬\ef
1.4.1 ‰ÉDM,OM,CP,NDFeADFÙÚò]
¥¦ ?N}þäeß7x’œÎy²(%)=
100%×(?N}þÎy‡ä7xº-’œÎy>ž
6921
!6# ž%J¡:£¤G&#F`leß7x¶†F’œÎy#~
ô=ä7xº
)/
?N}þÎy‡ä7xº

1.4.2 ‰ÉDM,OM,CP,NDFeADF¯sÙÚ
ò]¥¦ Ö-rskov[19]¡ÂSlD›ƒ:
犱狆=犪+犫(1-犲-犮狋)
›=犱p¾?N}þ DM,OM,CP,NDF e
ADFäÞùRlÎy²,犪¾î±Îy x(%),
Ä@¢—«ùr¾lò x
,犫¾Ö±Îy 
x
(%),Äß}Îylò x,犮¾Ö±Îy 
x犫lÎy±²(%/h),狋¾’œlgßÞù(h)。
ٗÎy²
:犈犇=犪+犫×犮/(犮+犽)
›=
,犓 ¾’œ^N±²,§°T= 犓 uI
0.0314h-1。
1.5 ‚ƒlm
eߏòDM,OM,CP,NDFeADFFÞùR
lÎy²×Y©¢Excel2007»¼ƒ,’œÎyO
Ö×eˆax£Ž¢SAS8.0Zw»¼ƒ。
2 …†dX„
2.1 ()=F1Z¤@Ή]Xk?Å£ÅÆ
F`£¤G&#eß7xlk]ÚÛ0È2
F6

£¤G&#lFeß7x¸aê!"
(犘<
0.05),ž=OM,NDF,ADFeADLpºÊG&#l
h»£šË

ÌCP,Ash,EE,CaePpºÊG&#
lh»£šÎs

êr#lCPpºß^,!"^H
ž‰G&#
(犘<0.05),ýŒêr#æ7à#,CPp
ºÍÎ+23.96%,OMeNDFpº˜êr#ßs,
!"sHž‰G&#
(犘<0.05),Ìêr#lEE、
Ash,CaePpº¸¾ß^,!"^Hž‰G&#(犘
<0.05)。êr#lADFpºßs,¾36.07%,!"
sHž‰G&#lpº
(犘<0.05),7à#lADFp
ºß^

A™Ó#laê£!"

Ì!"^Hêr#

¢ã#e¥ã#
(犘<0.05),Œêr#æ7à#,ADF
pºË+9.79%。
v2 ()=F1Z¤@Ή]Xk?
Table2 Thenutritivecontentsof犅.犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿atdifferentgrowthstages % DM
Ä:
Index
êr#
Jointingstage
¢ã#
Bootingstage
¥ã#
Headingstage
™Ó#
Flowingperiod
7à#
Ripeningstage
CP 9.39±0.33d 8.26±0.29c 8.10±0.25c 7.63±0.11b 7.14±0.16a
OM 90.44±0.34a 91.27±0.11b 91.39±0.46b 91.64±0.21b 91.72±0.04b
Ash 9.56±0.34b 8.73±0.11a 8.61±0.46a 8.36±0.21a 8.28±0.04a
EE 2.57±0.27b 2.30±0.01a 2.26±0.01a 2.19±0.02a 2.12±0.03a
NDF 65.17±0.66a 73.60±0.25b 73.58±0.46b 74.17±1.27b 74.85±0.92b
ADF 36.07±0.67a 42.20±0.16b 43.38±1.83bc 45.08±1.19cd 45.86±1.52d
ADL 4.65±0.24a 5.16±0.19a 5.76±0.32b 6.28±0.48b 7.32±0.14c
Ca 0.47±0.02b 0.39±0.02a 0.37±0.01a 0.37±0.03a 0.37±0.03a
P 0.35±0.03b 0.20±0.02a 0.20±0.02a 0.20±0.02a 0.18±0.02a
  Ô:¤¼£¤Í±È6aê!"(犘<0.05),ͤ
Note:Differentlettersinthesamerowmeansignificantdifferenceatthe0.05level,thesameasbelow
2.2 ()=F1Z¤DM@$\u]­É
£¤G&#F`DMl’œDHÎy²0û
1F6,Ê\’œg±ÞùlË,FG&#lDM
Îy²¸£šË

”0~8hlk]ÞÐ=,0~4h
l&±Ð^H4~8hl&±Ð,êr#e¢ã
#}þ”8hñ>]&^Ã,̞‰3[G&
#ð”12hñ>´]&^Ã,¢¸”48hñ
>&±²þË

”72hÞ,DMÎy²ÊG&#l
h»]jkÎs^Ã

Œû=‡s˜rS

FG&#
Îy²l&±Ð¸ÊÎyƒ×lËÌ£šÎs

ž=êr#”0~24h^HžÒG&#,Ì¢ã#”
24~48he48~72h^HžÒG&#。
£¤G&#F`DMlÎyÖ×犪,犫,犮¶Ù
—Îy²犈犇I0È3F6,ž=™Ó#l犪Ißs
W1 ()=ÊF1Z¤犇犕$\t-u]Š
Fig.1 RumendegradabilityofDMof犅.犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿
atdifferentgrowthstages
7921
! " # $ !23"
(20.61%),!"sHm+¢ã#lž‰3[G&#
(犘<0.05)。F`l犫IeٗÎy²犈犇 ¸Ê
G&#lh»£šÎs

êr#e¢ã#l犫IM
Ç
,¸
!"^Hž‰3[G&#(犘<0.05)。FG
&#l犮Iy!"aê。êr#lٗÎy²犈犇
åæ54.30%,!"^Hž‰4[G&#(犘<
0.05),̞‰4[G&#ùaê£!"。
v3 ()=F1Z¤犇犕@u]‚9gúu]Š
Table3 DMdegradationparametersandeffectivedegradabilityof犅.犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿atdifferentgrowthstages %
Ö×
Parameter
êr#
Jointingstage
¢ã#
Bootingstage
¥ã#
Headingstage
™Ó#
Flowingstage
7à#
Ripeningstage
a 25.13±1.33b 22.44±0.02ab 23.59±0.49b 20.61±1.13a 25.31±1.64b
b 64.01±3.22c 64.67±5.00c 49.54±0.70b 47.35±3.21b 37.73±1.18a
c 0.03±0.00a 0.02±0.00a 0.03±0.00a 0.03±0.01a 0.03±0.01a
ED 54.30±0.01b 47.36±0.41a 46.55±2.08a 44.23±1.69a 43.36±2.03a
2.3 ()=F1Z¤OM@$\u]­É
sû2su,Ê\”’œ=gßÞùl<
&

F` OM Îy²]£¤lË^Ã。êr
#e¢ã#”0~8h&ËÖ,8hñ>÷±
Ë

Ì¥ã#

™Ó#e7à#”0~12hk]d
Ö
,12hñ>´÷±k],¢¸”48hñ>ê^
HËÖ^Ã

”72hÞ,žÎy²ÊG&#lh
»jkÎs
。OM Îy²”0~24hlk]ÞÐ
^H24~48he48~72h,ž=êr#”0~24
hl²^ÞÐß(,Ì¢ã#”24~48he48~
72hl²^ÞÐß(,¢êr#”24,48e72h
¸¾ß^

W2 ()=ÊF1Z¤犗犕$\t-u]Š
Fig.2 OMofrumendegradabilityof
犅.犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿atdifferentgrowthstages
v4 ()=F1Z¤犗犕@u]‚9gúu]Š
Table4 OMdegradationparametersandeffectivedegradabilityof犅.犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿atdifferentgrowthstages %
Ö× êr# ¢ã# ¥ã# ™Ó# 7à#
Parameter Jointingstage Bootingstage Headingstage Flowingstage Ripeningstage
犪 21.55±1.19c 18.72±0.97abc 20.10±0.56bc 17.78±1.60ab 16.35±1.94a
犫 67.16±2.91b 62.63±5.85b 50.65±1.73a 50.10±4.20a 43.37±1.73a
犮 0.03±0.00a 0.03±0.01a 0.03±0.00a 0.03±0.00a 0.04±0.00b
犈犇 52.34±0.16b 45.06±0.10a 45.08±2.50a 42.98±0.95a 41.79±1.05a
  £¤G&#F`OMlÎyÖ×犪,犫,犮¶Ù
—Îy²犈犇I0È4F6,F`OM ÎyÖ×
¶Ù—Îy²¸ÊG&#lh»]Îsl^Ã

m
+Ö×犪ñ^,ž‰Ö׸aê!"(犘<0.05)。
êr#l犪 I!"^H™Ó#e7à#(犘<
0.05),ÌA¢ã#e¥ã#aê£!"。êr#e
¢ã#l犫Iy!"aê,¢¸!"^H¥ã#、™
Ó#e7à#
(犘<0.05)。7à#l犮I!"^H
ž‰4[G&#(犘<0.05)。F`lOM ٗÎ
y²=

êr#lٗÎy²犈犇 Iåæ52.34%,
Õö+50%,¤Þx2o¢ã#、¥ã#、™Ó#e
7à # ^ 7.28%,7.26%,9.36% e 10.55%
(犘<0.05)。
2.4 ()=F1Z¤CP@$\u]­É
£¤G&#F` CPÎy²k]0û3F
6

£¤G&#F`lCPÎy²Ê’œgßÞ
ùl<&Ìjk²^
。0~8h,FG&#lË^
ÃÈÓdÖ

¢‡4hl&±²^H>4hl±
²
。8~48h,Îy²k]±²dî,ž=8~12h
l&±²^H12~48hl&±²,48hñ>,
FG&#lÎy²k]^Ã^HãË
,72hlFG
&#Îy²ÊG&#lh»jkÎs

FG&#”
24hlÎy²¸Õö50%,48hlÎy²m+7à
8921
!6# ž%J¡:£¤G&#F`leß7x¶†F’œÎy#~
#^¸Õö60%,72hlÎy²=êr#e¢ã#
d^
,¸
yÇ70%,Ì7à#lßs。ŒÈ=‡s
˜rS

” 48~72h Îy²l²^ÞÐsH
24~48he0~24h。
£¤G&#F`CPlÎyÖ×犪,犫,犮¶Ù
—Îy²犈犇 I0È5F6,ž=FG&#lî±
Îy x犪ùaê!"(犘<0.05),̞‰Ö×e
ٗÎy²¸aê£!"

êr#l犪I!"^H
ž‰4[G&#(犘<0.05),¢ã#、¥ã#e™Ó
#lٗÎy²ùy!"aê

F`”êr#l
ٗÎy²!"^H7à#
(犘<0.05)。
W3 ()=ÊF1Z¤犆犘$\t-u]Š
Fig.3 CPofrumendegradabilityof犅.犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿
atdifferentgrowthstages
v5 ()=F1Z¤犆犘@u]‚9gúu]Š
Table5 CPdegradationparametersandeffectivedegradabilityof犅.犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿atdifferentgrowthstages %
Ö× êr# ¢ã# ¥ã# ™Ó# 7à#
Parameter Jointingstage Bootingstage Headingstage Flowingstage Ripeningstage
a 21.96±1.31c 13.81±0.28a 14.40±0.12a 18.71±0.47b 12.87±0.65a
b 46.98±5.50ab 56.84±2.09b 50.01±6.16ab 43.42±0.68a 46.25±1.92a
c 0.05±0.01a 0.05±0.01a 0.08±0.03a 0.07±0.01a 0.08±0.01a
ED 51.26±2.34b 47.33±2.15ab 49.83±0.50ab 48.89±1.02ab 46.08±0.09a
2.5 ()=F1Z¤NDF@$\u]­É
£¤G&#F`NDF’œDHÎy²0û
4F6,12hðF`NDFÎyl‚R,‡12h
=

F`NDFÎy²dËÖ,12~48hlÎy²
÷±Ë
,48hñ>ê^HãË。ŒÈ=‡s˜r
S
,24hlÎy²”40%69,ý˜êr#ß^,48
he72hlÎy²¸˜êr#ß^,x2Õö65%
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atdifferentgrowthstages
v6 ()=F1Z¤犖犇犉@u]‚9gúu]Š
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Ö× êr# ¢ã# ¥ã# ™Ó# 7à#
Parameters Jointingstage Bootingstage Headingstage Flowingstage Ripeningstage
犪 7.62±0.19a 9.02±0.16a 11.13±0.28b 7.67±0.12a 7.91±1.29a
犫 76.19±1.32c 64.83±3.45b 53.79±2.30a 54.34±0.23a 51.16±0.47a
犮 0.03±0.00a 0.03±0.00a 0.04±0.00b 0.04±0.00b 0.04±0.00b
犈犇 43.92±0.50d 41.79±0.20cd 40.62±2.33bc 38.09±0.20ab 36.78±0.71a
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v7 ()=F1Z¤犃犇犉@u]‚9gúu]Š
Table7 ADFdegradationparametersandeffectivedegradabilityof犅.犻狊犮犺犪犲犿狌犿atdifferentgrowthstages %
Ö× êr# ¢ã# ¥ã# ™Ó# 7à#
Parameter Jointingstage Bootingstage Headingstage Flowingstage Ripeningstage
犪 10.53±1.37b 16.19±2.61c 14.45±2.11bc 14.03±0.33bc 5.93±0.54a
犫 68.08±4.08c 62.30±1.55bc 48.18±2.57a 60.56±2.59b 51.68±1.28a
犮 0.03±0.01b 0.02±0.00a 0.04±0.00b 0.02±0.00a 0.04±0.00b
犈犇 45.96±0.39c 42.82±0.17b 41.95±1.83b 37.87±0.36a 35.44±1.19a
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