试验选用了3个二倍体（Triticum boeoticum，AA；Aegilops speltoides，BB和Ae. tauschii，DD）、2个四倍体（T. dicoccoides，AABB和T. dicoccum，AABB）和1个六倍体（T. aestivum，AABBDD）的小麦进化材料，在不同水肥条件下研究小麦进化中养分效率的差异及水肥条件对小麦养分利用的影响。试验表明，随小麦的进化，养分（N、P和K）吸收量和吸收效率显著增加，但是籽粒养分含量却减少。水分胁迫和低肥处理减少小麦籽粒养分含量、（整株）养分吸收量和吸收效率。小麦的生物量养分利用效率和产量养分利用效率都存在显著的种间差异，而且后者的差异更大。随小麦的进化，生物量养分利用效率和产量养分利用效率均显著增加。6个小麦进化材料的生物量氮、磷利用效率（NUTEb和PUTEb）的大小顺序相同，均为：Ae. speltoides > T. dicoccum、T. dicoccoides、Ae. tauschii、T. boeoticum > T. aestivum，而生物量钾利用效率（KUTEb）是T. aestivum、Ae. tauschii、Ae. speltoides > T. dicoccoides > T. dicoccum > T. boeoticum。Ae. tauschii的产量养分利用效率显著高于其他两个二倍体小麦（AA和BB），表明D组染色体上存在有控制高效利用养分的基因。产量氮、磷、钾利用效率（NUTEg、PUTEg、KUTEg）和收获指数（HI）的大小排序均为：T. aestivum > T. dicoccum、T. dicoccoides、Ae. tauschii > T. boeoticum、Ae. speltoides。水分与养分对生物量养分利用效率有显著影响，而对产量养分利用效率的作用却不显著，说明小麦产量养分利用效率是较为稳定的特性，主要由基因型决定。水分胁迫有利于提高小麦生物量养分利用效率，但是增加施肥量却对其有负作用。
Three diploid (Triticum boeoticum, AA; Aegilops speltoides, BB and Ae. tauschii, DD), two tetraploid (T. dicoccoides, AABB and T. dicoccum, AABB) and one hexaploid (T. aestivum, AABBDD) wheats were chosen, and a pot experiment was carried out under different water and nutrition conditions (i) to understand the variation trend of nutrient use efficiency in the evolution of wheat (from diploid to tetraploid then to hexaploid); (ii) to assess the effects of soil water and nutrient condition on nutrient use. Our results showed that with the evolution of wheat, nutrient uptake and uptake efficiency increased, but grain nutrient concentration decreased. Generally, water stress and low nutrient supply resulted in the lower grain nutrient concentration, and nutrient uptake and uptake efficiency. Nutrient use efficiency for biomass and that for grain yield were all different significantly among wheat genotypes, but the differences of the latter were more significantly than those of the former. With the increase of wheat ploidies, nutrient use efficiency for biomass and that for grain yield all increased significantly. Nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency for biomass (NUTEb and PUTEb) dereased in the same order：Ae. speltoides > T. dicoccum, T. dicoccoides, Ae. tauschii, T. boeoticum > T. aestivum, and potassium use efficiency for biomass (KUTEb): T. aestivum, Ae. tauschii, Ae. speltoides > T. dicoccoides > T. dicoccum > T. boeoticum. All of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies for grain yield (NUTEg, PUTEg, KUTEg) and harvest index (HI) decreased in the similar order：T. aestivum > T. dicoccum, T. dicoccoides, Ae. tauschii > T. boeoticum, Ae. speltoides. Compared to the other two diploid wheats, Ae. tauschii had significant higher nutrient use efficiency for grain yield, indicating that the genome D may carry genes controlling high efficient use of nutrient. The effects of water and nutrient application on nutrient use for biomass were prominent, but not for that for grain yield, suggesting that wheat nutrient use efficiency for grain yield is mainly controlled by genotypes. Generally, water stress increased nutrient use efficiency for biomass, but higher nutrient application decreased them. Some of these results and their significance for breeding were discussed.
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