全 文 ：中国外来入侵植物的学名考证 (2)*
寿海洋, 闫小玲, 马金双**
(中国科学院上海辰山植物科学研究中心, 上海摇 201602)
摘要: 报道中国外来入侵植物的文献众多, 然而不少物种的学名使用混乱。 不同时期、 不同地区的不同作
者在报道同一物种时, 使用不同的学名, 或因中文名相近, 将其他物种作为外来入侵植物报道, 从而给入
侵植物的研究造成混乱。 依据最新植物志等权威资料, 对国内文献报道的 20 种入侵植物的学名进行了考
证, 包括中名、 异名, 原产地及其在国内外的扩散情况以及必要的讨论等。
关键词: 外来; 入侵植物; 学名考证; 中国
中图分类号: Q 949摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 文献标识码: A摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 文章编号: 2095-0845(2012)04-347-07
Nomenclatural Notes on Alien Invasive Vascular Plants in China (2)
SHOU Hai鄄Yang, YAN Xiao鄄Ling, MA Jin鄄Shuang**
(Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China)
Abstract: Some literatures recorded on the invasive plants in China are confused. Authors from the different regions
in different time treated same species with different scientific names, or different species with same Chinese name,
especially in the local reports. All those made it much worse in the study of alien invasive plants in China. This
work reports twenty confused species, includes their scientific and Chinese names, synonyms, their origin, distribu鄄
tion in China, and necessary discussions.
Key words: Alien; Invasive plants; Scientific names; Nomenclatural notes; China
1. Amaranthus hypochondriacus Linnaeus, Sp.
Pl. 2: 991. 1753; Sergei L. Mosyakin & Kenneth
R. Robertsonin Fl. N. Amer. 4: 415. 2003. Syn.
Amaranthus leucocarpus Sereno Watson, Proc. Amer.
Acad. Arts 10: 347. 1875 (Amaranthaceae).
Prince鄄of鄄Wales Feather (千穗谷), native to
North America, is widely cultivated as ornamental,
pseudocereal, and fodder crops in many tropical to
warm鄄temperate regions of the world. Occasionally,
it occurs as escapes near the places of cultivation. In
China, it has been treated as Amaranthus leuco鄄
carpus (Hu et al., 2005), and cultivated in Anhui,
Hebei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Sichuan, Xinjiang, and
Yunnan.
2. Brassica juncea (Linnaeus) Czernajew, Consp.
Pl. Charc. 8. 1859; Suzanne I. Warwick in Fl. N.
Amer. 7: 419. 2010. Syn. Brassica juncea ( Lin鄄
naeus) Czernajew var. gracilis M. Tsen & S. H.
Lee, Hortus Sinicus 2: 26. 1942 (Cruciferae).
Brown Mustard (芥菜), a species has greatest
diversity in forms occurs in Asia, where it has been
widely cultivated as a vegetable and as an oilseed
crop. It is cultivated throughout China, sometimes
植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报摇 2012, 34 (4): 347 ~ 353
Plant Diversity and Resources摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 DOI: 10. 3724 / SP. J. 1143. 2012. 12016
*
**
Foundation item: Shanghai Londscaping Administrative Bureau (G1024011). The first report on this series is in Plant Diversity and Re鄄
sources 33 (1): 132—142, 2011
Author for correspondent; E鄄mail: jinshuangma@ gmail. com
Received date: 2012-02-09, Accepted date: 2012-07-17
作者简介: 寿海洋 (1983-) 男, 硕士, 主要从事植物分类学、 植物资源学、 植物生殖生物学方面的研究。 E鄄mail: shouhy@ 126. com
naturalized especially in SW China, but was treated
as Brassica juncea var. gracilis (Fan et al., 2008).
The species is an allotetraploid derived from hybrid鄄
ization between B. nigra (n = 8) and B. rapa (n =
10) (Warwick, 2010). Its origin is still unsure,
either from Asia (Wagner et al., 1999), or possibly
from Africa, even from the Middle East ( Smith,
1981).
3. Bryophyllum delagoense ( Ecklon & Zeyher )
Schinz, M佴m. Herb. Boissier 10: 38. 1900; Reid
V. Moran, Fl. N. Amer. 8: 160. 2009. Basionym
Kalanchoe delagoensis Ecklon & Zeyher, Enum. Pl.
Afr. Austral. 305. 1837. Syn. Bryophyllum verticil鄄
latum (Scott鄄Elliot) A. Berger, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
(ed. 2) 18a: 411. 1930; Kalanchoe tubiflora Ray鄄
mond鄄Hamet, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 29 (2): 41.
1912; K. verticillata Scott鄄Elliot, J. Linn. Soc., Bot.
29 (197): 14-15, pl. 3. 1891 (Crassulaceae).
Chandelier Plant (洋吊钟), native to Mada鄄
gascar, introduced to North America, Indian Ocean
Islands, Africa, Pacific Islands, and Australia. This
prolific species is an aggressive weed in Australia,
and it is called “mother of millions冶 and a serious
weed because it is highly poisonous to cattle. In
China, it is reported in Anhui ( Wang et al.,
2007), Guangdong (Zeng et al., 2009), cultivated
all over the country, naturalized and spread in some
areas (Xie, 2008). The names of Bryophyllum tubi鄄
florum and Kalanchoe tubiflora are widely used in
horticultural as well as botanical works in China,
with K. delagoensis usually listed in synonymy as a
nomen nudum (Moran, 2009).
4. Chamaecrista mimosoides (Linnaeus) Greene,
Pittonia 4 (20D): 27. 1899; D. Z. Chen, D. X.
Zhang & Kai Larsen in Fl. Chin. 10: 33. 2010.
Basionym Cassia mimosoides Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:
379. 1753 (Leguminosae).
Chamaecrista (山扁豆), native to tropical A鄄
merica, widely introduced in the tropics and sub鄄
tropics, is a drought鄄enduring and barren鄄resistant
plant, grown for improving the soil. The roots are
used medicinally for treating dysentery. In most lit鄄
eratures, it爷 s widely treated as Cassia mimosoides
(Wang et al., 2004; Yan et al., 2004; Chen,
2005; Ding et al., 2006; Shan et al., 2006; Wei et
al., 2006; Wang et al., 2007; Xie et al., 2007;
Zhao, 2007; Jiang et al., 2008; Ji et al., 2009;
Wang, 2010). It爷 s distributed in China: Anhui,
Beijing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,
Hebei, Hong Kong, Hainan, Heibei, Hunan, Jian鄄
gsu, Jiangxi, Macao, Sichuan, Shandong, Taiwan,
and Yunnan.
5. Crotalaria trichotoma Bojer, Ann. Sci. Nat.,
Bot., s佴r. 2, 4: 265 - 266. 1835; J. Q. Li, H.
Sun, Roger M. Polhill & Michael G. Gilbert in Fl.
Chin. 10: 109. 2010. Syn. Crotalaria zanzibarica
Bentham, London J. Bot. 2: 584. 1843 ( Legu鄄
minosae).
West Indian Rattlebox (光萼猪屎豆), species
native to E Africa, was introduced in Australia, In鄄
donesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam
and China: Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan,
Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan and Yunnan. It爷 s often
treated as Crotalaria zanzibarica, especially in the
Chinese invasive literatures (Xie et al., 2007; Fan
et al., 2008).
6. Cuphea carthagenensis ( Jacquin) James Fran鄄
cis Macbride, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot.
Ser. 8 (2): 124. 1930; H. N. Qin, Shirley Gra鄄
ham & Michael G. Gilbert in Fl. Chin. 13: 274,
2007. Syn. Cuphea balsamona Chamisso & Schlech鄄
tendal, Linnaeus 2 (3): 363. 1827 (Lythraceae).
Colombian Waxweed (香膏萼距花), species
native to tropical America (Smith, 1985), natural鄄
ized in tropics, sometimes abundant weed in gar鄄
dens, plantations, open fields, along roadsides and
forest trails, in open places on ridges and crests,
and introduced to China as ornamental, naturalized
in Guangdong, but was treated as Cuphea balsamona
(He and Huang, 2004; Zeng et al., 2009).
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7. Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Persoon) Sprague
ex Britton & Percy Wilson, Sci. Surv. Proto Rico &
Virgin Islands 6: 52. 1925; M. L. She & Mark F.
Watson in Fl. Chin. 14. 114 - 115. 2005. Syn.
Apium leptophyllum (Persoon) Ferdinand M俟ller ex
Bentham, Fl. Austral. 3: 372-373. 1866 (Umbel鄄
liferae).
Marsh Parsley (细叶旱芹), a species native to
South America, widely naturalized as a weed in
tropical and temperate regions, but treated as Apium
leptophyllum (Guo and Li, 1995; Hu et al., 2005;
Xie, 2008 ). It distributed in China: Anhui,
Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei,
Hubei, Hong Kong, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu,
Shanghai, Shandong, Taiwan, Yunnan, and Zhe鄄
jiang. In additon, one literature (Xu et al., 2009)
reported Chaerophyllum villosum, possiblely because
the similar Chinese name: xi ye qin (细叶芹), but
this species is native to China, distributed in SW Si鄄
chuan, S Xizang, and NW Yunnan, also in Afghan鄄
istan, Bhutan, N India, Kashmir, Nepal and Paki鄄
stan. Oenanthe sinensis, synonym of Oenanthe lin鄄
earis subsp. linearis, was also misused to this spe鄄
cies ( Lin et al., 2007 ), but it is native to
Chongqing, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xi鄄
zang, and Yunnan (Pu and Watson, 2005).
8. Cyperus involucratus Rottb准ll, Descr. Pl. Rar.
22. 1772; Gordon C. Tucker, Brian G. Marcks &
J. Richard Carter in Fl. N. Amer. 23: 150. 2003.
Syn. Cyperus alternifolius Linnaeus subsp. flabelli鄄
formis K俟kenthal, Pflanzenr. 4 (20, Heft 101 ):
193. 1936 (Cyperaceae).
Unbrella Plant (风车草), native to E Africa
and SW Asia, is widely cultivated as a water plant
in greenhouses and outdoor in warm鄄temperate or
tropical climates. It爷 s also cultivated as an orna鄄
mental in China, sometimes escaped and naturalized
along streams and in wet thickets and disturbed areas
in Guangdong, Hunan, and Taiwan, but treated as
Cyperus alternifolius subsp. flabelliformis ( Fan et
al., 2008; Zeng et al., 2009).
9. Gynandropsis gynandra ( Linnaeus) Briquet,
Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Gen侉ve 17: 382 -
383. 1914; M. L. Zhang & Gordon C. Tucker in Fl.
Chin. 7: 432. 2008. Basionym Cleome gynandra
Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 671. 1753 (Capparidaceae).
Siderwisp (羊角菜), a species widely distrib鄄
uted in Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Ne鄄
pal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, and tropical
Africa, introduced in Central, S North, and South
America. It 爷 s widely distributed in China from
Hainan to Beijing, and from Yunnan to Taiwan
(Sun, 1999). This species is often grown as an or鄄
namental and cultivated as a potherb and also used
medicinally, but treated as Cleome gynandra (Xie et
al., 2007).
10. Eruca vesicaria (Linnaeus) Cavanilles subsp.
sativa ( Miller ) Thellung, Ill. Fl. Mitt. 鄄Eur. 4
(1): 201. 1918; T. Y. Zhou, L. L. Lu, G. Yang
& Ihsan A. Al鄄Shehbaz in Fl. Chin. 8: 27. 2001.
Basionym Eruca sativa Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8,
Eruca no. 1. 1768 (Cruciferae).
Rocketsalad (芝麻菜), widely cultivated in A鄄
sia, NW Africa, Europe, and N America, is a natu鄄
ralized weed worldwide. It爷 s cultivated in China:
Beijing, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Lia鄄
oning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Si鄄
chuan, and Xinjiang, but treated it as Eruca sativa
(Liu et al., 2002; Soyolt et al., 2007). It爷s widely
cultivated in Asia for seed oil, which is used as an
illuminant, lubricant, and for pickling; while in Eu鄄
rope and North America as a salad plant. The young
plants are medicinal and used as a stimulant, anti鄄
scorbutic, stomachic, and diuretic.
11. Hippobroma longiflora ( Linnaeus ) George
Don, Gen. Hist. 3: 717. 1834; D. Y. Hong,
Laura L. Klein & Thomas G. Lammers in Fl. Chin.
19: 563. 2011. Syn. Laurentia longiflora (Linnae鄄
us) Petermann, Pflanzenreich 444. 1845 (Campan鄄
ulaceae).
Madamfate (马醉草), native to West Indies,
9434 期摇 摇 摇 摇 SHOU Hai鄄Yang et al. : Nomenclatural Notes on Alien Invasive Vascular Plants in China (2) 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇
now pan鄄tropical, wildly introduced and naturalized
in tropics and subtropics. It is found in China:
Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, but treated as
Laurentia longiflora (Zeng et al., 2009). The sap
of plant is an irritant which can be absorbed through
the skin, and a small amount of sap in the eyes can
cause blindness (Baldwin, 1979).
12. Melastoma malabathricum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl.
1: 390. 1753; J. Chen & Susanne S. Renner in
Fl. Chin. 13: 365. 2007. Syn. Melastoma candi鄄
dum David Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4:
288. 1823 (Onagraceae).
Malabar Metastome (野牡丹), native to Cam鄄
bodia, India, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and China:
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan,
Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Xizang,
Yunnan, and Zhejiang; but treated as Melastoma
candidum (An et al., 2007; Zhou, 2011).
13. Mimosa diplotricha Charles Wright ex Sau鄄
valle, Anales Acad. Ci. Med. Habana 5: 405.
1868; D. L. Wu & Ivan C. Nielsen in Fl. Chin.
10: 54. 2010. Syn. Mimosa invisa Martius ex Col鄄
la, Herb. Pedem. 2: 255. 1834 (Leguminosae).
Giant Sensitive Plant (巴西含羞草), a spe鄄
cies native to tropical America, introduced through鄄
out the tropics; and cultivated or naturalized in Chi鄄
na: Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Tai鄄
wan and Yunnan, but treated as Mimosa invisa
(Yan et al., 2004; An et al., 2007; Fan et al.,
2008; Qin et al., 2008; Xie, 2008; Zhang and
Xing, 2011). It is a very invasive species wherever
introduced (Smith, 2002), on noxious weed list of
US and Hawaii as well, and declared as noxious
weed in Fiji and Australia ( Queensland, Northern
Territory, and Western Australia) .
14. Oxalis corymbosa de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 696.
1824; Q. R. Liu & Mark F. Watson in Fl. Chin.
11: 4. 2008. Syn. Oxalis debilis Kunth var. corym鄄
bosa ( de Candolle) Lourteig, Ann. Missouri Bot.
Gard. 67 (4): 840. 1980; Oxalis martiana Zucca鄄
rini, Denkschr. K觟nigl. Akad. Wiss. M俟nchen 9:
144-145. 1825 (Oxalidaceae).
Pink Woodsorrel (红花酢浆草), native to
tropical South America, cultivated as an ornamental
and naturalized in warm temperate areas in many
parts of the world. In China, it is cultivated and also
escaped as a common weed of cultivated grounds and
open habitats in Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guan鄄
gxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi,
Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang. Howev鄄
er, it爷s also treated as Oxalis debilis var. corymbosa
(Wang et al., 2008, 2009) and Oxalis martiana
(Chen, 2008).
15. Peperomia pellucida (Linnaeus) Kunth, Nov.
Gen. Sp. (quarto ed. ) 1: 64. 1815; Y. Q. Cheng,
N. H. Xia & Michael G. Gilbert in Fl. Chin. 4:
130. 2003. Syn. Piper pellucidum Linnaeus, Sp.
Pl. 1: 30. 1753 (Piperaceae).
Man to Man (草胡椒), native to tropical A鄄
merica, but now widely cultivated and naturalized
throughout the tropics. It爷 s sometimes a weed of
cultivation, and found in China: Anhui, Beijing,
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong,
Hunan, Jiangsu, Macao, Taiwan, Yunnan, and
Zhejiang, but treated as Piper pellucidum ( Yan et
al., 2004).
16. Smallanthus uvedalia (Linnaeus) Mackenzie,
Man. S. E. Fl. 1406, 1509. 1933; John L. Strother
in Fl. N. Amer. 21: 34. 2006. Syn. Polymnia
uvedalia (Linnaeus) Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. (ed. 2) 2:
1303. 1763 (Compositae).
Yellow鄄flowered Leaf鄄cup (包果菊), native to
Central and North America, is primarily a weed of
pastures, hay fields, hedgerows and roadsides in N
America, introduced and naturalized in China: An鄄
hui, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang, but treated as
Polymnia uvedalia (Guo and Li, 1995; Chen et al.,
2003; Zang et al., 2006).
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17. Talinum paniculatum ( Jacquin ) Gaertner,
Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 219. 1791; D. Q. Lu & Mi鄄
chael G. Gilber in Fl. Chin. 5: 444. 2003. Syn.
Talinum patens (Linnaeus) Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 2
(2): 863. 1799 (Portulacaceae).
Jewels of Opar (土人参), a species native to
tropical America, cultivated and naturalized through鄄
out SE Asia. It爷s cultivated and escapes to shaded
wet places in Central and Southern China: Anhui,
Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,
Hubei, Hong Kong, Hainan, Hunan, Hebei, Jiang鄄
su, Jiangxi, Macao, Sichuan, Shandong, Shanxi,
Yunnan, and Zhejiang. It爷 s been also treated as
Talinum patens ( Zhao, 2007; Shi et al., 2009).
The record of Talinum portulacifolium was from Yun鄄
nan (Ding et al., 2006; Guan et al., 2006) needs
further study.
18. Vaccaria hispanica (Miller) Rauschert, Wiss.
Z. Martin鄄Luther鄄Univ. Halle鄄Wittenberg, Math. 鄄
Naturwiss. Reihe 14: 496. 1965; D. Q. Lu, Mag鄄
nus Lid佴n & Bengt Oxelman in Fl. Chin. 6: 102.
2001. Syn. Vaccaria segetalis (Necker) Garcke ex
Ascherson, Fl. Brandenburg 1: 84. 1864 (Caryo鄄
phyllaceae).
Cow Soapwort (麦蓝菜), species native to Asia
and Europe; but in Chinese literatures, it爷s widely
treated as Vaccaria hispanica (Tang, 1996; Xu and
Qiang, 2004; Xie, 2008). It is weed in wheat filed
while widely cultivating for medicinal seed in China:
Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei,
Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, Ningxia,
Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai, Shanxi,
Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, and Yunnan.
19. Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2:
987. 1753; Y. S. Chen & D. J. Nicholas Hind in
Fl. Chin. 21: 1491. 2011. Syn. Xanthium italicum
Moretti, Giorn. Fis., ser. 2, 5: 326. 1822; X.
mongolicum Kitagawa, Rep. First Sci. Exped.
Manchoukuo 4: f. 97. 1936; X. sibiricum Patrin ex
Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regini Veg. Beih.
20: 32-38, pl. 1, f. 6 -8. 1923; X. strumarium
Linnaeus var. glabratum (de Candolle) Cronquist,
Rhodora 47 (564): 403. 1945 (Compositae).
Rough Cocklebur (苍耳), probably native to
the New World, now a cosmopolitan weed (Wagner
et al., 1999), common in low elevation, relatively
dry, disturbed habitats, distributes all over China,
also in Cambodia, India, Japan, Korea, Laos,
Mongolia, Russia, Thailand, and Vietnam; SW Asia,
N America. X. italicum (Liu et al., 2002; Chen et
al., 2008; Lin et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2009),
X. mongolicum ( Qu et al., 2010 ), X. sibiricum
(Chen, 1979; Wang et al., 2007; Yang et al.,
2009, 2011), were treated as synonym of X. stru鄄
marium in FOC, while the study shows that the
fruits, seeds, phyllaries and androeciums of X. itali鄄
cum, X. mongolicum, X. sibirium and X. spinosum
are different from each other, these four species are
well separated and should be accepted as different
species according to recent study淤 .
20. Sorghum halepense (Linnaeus) Persoon, Syn.
Pl. 1: 101. 1805; S. L. Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips
in Fl. Chin. 22: 601. 2006. Syn. Sorghum halepense
(Linnaeus) Persoon f. muticum ( Hackel) Icon.
Pl. 34: t. 3364, p. 4. 1938 (Gramineae).
Johnsongrass (石茅), thought to have origina鄄
ted in the Mediterranean Region, but is now widely
distributed as a serious weed in warm鄄temperate re鄄
gions of the world: India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmeni鄄
stan, and Uzbekistan; SW Asia, S Europe. It爷s al鄄
so introduced to China as a weed in fields: Anhui,
Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, and
Yunnan. Some authors treated Sorghum halepense f.
muticum as another species with Chinese name: ni
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摇 淤 杜珍珠, 徐文斌, 阎平, 王少山, 2011. 新疆苍耳属 3 种外来入侵新植物 [J] . 2011 年全国系统与进化植物学暨第十届青年学术
研讨会论文集. 云南省植物学会汇编, 121
1534 期摇 摇 摇 摇 SHOU Hai鄄Yang et al. : Nomenclatural Notes on Alien Invasive Vascular Plants in China (2) 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇
mang jia gao liang 匿芒假高粱 (Li et al., 2006;
Chen, 2008; Zhang et al., 2009), but it爷s only a syn鄄
onym of Sorghum halepense (www. theplantlist. org).
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