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苍耳属中倍半萜内酯的研究进展
张晓琦 ,叶文才⒇ ,赵守训
(中国药科大学 天然药物化学教研室 ,江苏 南京　 210009)
摘　要: 　介绍了近年来苍耳属植物中倍半萜内酯化合物的研究概况 ,包括准确的结构式、植物来源及波谱数据。
由于其具有多种活性 ,尤其是抗肿瘤、抗癌活性 ,故倍受重视。
关键词: 苍耳属 ;植物来源 ;倍半萜内酯
中图分类号: R282. 71　　　文献标识码: A　　　文章编号: 0253 2670( 2001) 10 0951 03
Progress in studies on sesquiterpene lactones fromXanthium L.
ZHAN G Xiao-qi, YE Wen-cai, ZHAO Shou-xun
·951·中草药　 Chinese Traditiona l and He rbal Drug s　 2001年第 32卷第 10期
⒇ 收稿日期: 2000-12-13作者简介:张晓琦 ( 1974-)男 , 1996年毕业于山东医科大学药学系药学专业 ,现在中国药科大学攻读药物化学博士学位。 研究方向:天然产物活性成分研究与新药开发。 Tel: ( 025) 5322132　　 E-mail: xqzhang74@ hotmai l. com
* 通讯联系人 , Tel: ( 025) 5322132
　　 ( Depa rtment o f Na tural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pha rmaceutical Univ e rsity , Nanjing Jiangsu 210009, China)
Key words: X anthium L. ; plant resour ces; sesquiterpene lactone
　　倍半萜广泛存在于植物、微生物、海洋生物及某些昆虫
中 ,虽然骨架仅有 15个碳原子 ,但由于生物体内微妙的代谢
过程而生成形形色色的基本骨架的化合物 ,并有复杂的立体
结构 ,其中很多具有重要的生物功能和生理活性。 倍半萜内
酯是菊科植物的特征性成分 ,这些苦味的化合物常含有 α,β -
不饱和 -γ内酯结构片段 ,研究表明它是其生物活性的一个
主要功能团 [1, 2 ]。 倍半萜内酯化合物具有抗肿瘤和细胞毒活
性 ,微生物生长抑制作用 (抗菌 ) ,防治血吸虫病 ,皮肤致敏作
用 ,昆虫拒食作用 ,引起脊椎动物中毒和植物生长抑制作用
(植物毒素 ) [3 ]。苍耳属 Xanthium L.植物约有 25种 ,广泛分
布于世界各地 ,我国有 3种及 1变种。 苍耳属在世界各地民
间主要用于利尿、催吐、催泻 ,治前列腺疾病、发烧、淋巴结
核、肝炎和癌症 [4]。由于倍半萜内酯化合物活性的重要性 ,也
为进一步研究开发苍耳属植物 ,特将苍耳属中的倍半萜内酯
化合物做一总结。
苍耳属中主要含愈创木烷型和裂愈创木烷型内酯化合
物。xanthation ( 23)是活性研究比较多的一个化合物 [5～ 7 ] ,化
合物 ( 1～ 39)结构式见图 1,来源及波谱数据见表 1。
图 1　苍耳属中倍半萜内酯化合物 ( 1～ 39)的结构式
·952· 中草药　 Chinese Traditiona l and He rbal Drug s　 2001年第 32卷第 10期
表 1　苍耳属中的倍半萜内酯类化合物
序号 名　　称 来源* 波谱数据　　　 序号 名　　称 来源* 波谱数据　　　
1
deacet ylxanthanol a IR, MS,
1H[8] , 13 C[9 ] 22 6β , 9β-dihydro xy-8-epi-xan-
t ha tin
b IR, M S, 1H, 13C [3]
2 xanthanol a, b 1H, 13C [9] 23 xantha tin a, b, c 1H[5] , 13 C [9 ]
3 iso xanthanol a, b 1H, 13C [9] 24 1α, 5α-epoxy-11α, 13-dihydro-
t oment osin
h IR, UV , 1H, 13 C[18]
4 2-epix anthano l c M S, 1H[10] 25 1β , 5β -rpoxy-11α, 13-dihydro-
t omento si n
f, h IR, M S, 1H[19] , 13 C [18]
5 4-epix anthano l b, d 1H, 13C [9] 26 1β , 5β-epoxyxantha tin a , b IR, M S, 1H[8] , 13C [17 ]
6 4-epiisox anthano l b, d 1H, 13C [9] 27 8-epix anthatin-1β , 5β -epox ide e, g IR, M S, 1H[11]
7 xanthinin a, b 1H, 13C [9] 28 1, 5α-epoxyxanthatin a , b IR, M S, 1H[8] , 13C [17 ]
8 xanthumin e, f 1H[11] 29 anhydrodehydroiv albin a IR, M S, 1H, 13C [9]
9 2-epix anthumin e IR, MS, 1H[11 ] 30 xantholide A i UV, IR, M S, 1H[20]
10 2-hydroxy toment osin b, e, f , g 1H[12] 31 xantholide B i IR, M S, X-ray, 1H[20]
11 2β-hydroxy-xanthinosin a IR, MS, 1H[12 ] 32 bis-norxanthanolide g M S, 1H[14]
12 xanthino si n b, c, d 13 C[9] 33 2-acet ox y-1, 4-endope rox ide-4,
5-epoxyxanthano lide
f IR, M S, 1H, 13C [19 ]
13 4-hydroxy-1 ( 5) , 11 ( 13 ) -xan-
thadien-12, 8α-olide
d 13 C[9] 34 4β , 5β-epoxyxanthantin-1α, 4α-
endope rox ide
b IR, M S, 1H, 13C [17 ]
14 4-O-dihydroinusoniolide d IR, MS, 1H, 13H[9] 35 cyclo spinosolide a IR, M S, 1H, 13C [9]
15 deacet ylxanthanol-4-β-glucoside a FAB, 1H, 13 C[13] 36 xanthipungolide f IR, M S, 1H, 13C [19 ]
16 deacet ylxanthanol-2-β-glucoside a FAB, 1H, 13 C[13] 37 ziniolide h 1H[18 ]
17 11α-H, 13-dihydroxanthumi n g M S, 1H[14] 38 pungio lide A f IR, M S, 1H, 13C [19 ]
18 2-hydroxy toment osin-1β , 5β -
epo
xide
b IR, MS, 1H[15 ] 39 pungio lide B f IR, M S, 1H, 13C [19 ]
19 2-oxo-4-O-acet yl-desacet yl
xanthanol
a IR, MS, 1H[16 ] , 13 C[9]
20 11α, 13-dihydro-xanthatin b IR, MS, 1H, 13 C[17]
21 11α, 13-dihydro-8-epi-xanthatin h IR, UV, M S1H, 13C [18 ]
　　　* a: Xanthi um spinosum　　 b: X . strumarium　　 c: X . orientale　　d: X . ital icum　　 e: X , indicum　　 f: X . pungens　　 g: X . cavanillesii
　　　h: X . catharticum　　 i: X . canadense
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·953·中草药　 Chinese Traditiona l and He rbal Drug s　 2001年第 32卷第 10期