---

作 者 ：苏 涛,王朝辉,宰松梅,李生秀.

期 刊 ：中国生态农业学报 2008年 16卷 5期 页码：1078-1082

关键词：休闲；施肥；夏玉米；硝态氮；铵态氮；残留；剖面分布；

Keywords:Fallow, Fertilization, Summer maize, Nitrate nitrogen, Ammonium nitrogen, Residue, Distributiong along soil profile,

摘 要 ：采用田间试验方法研究了休闲、施肥与夏玉米生长季土壤矿质氮动态的关系。结果表明：种植玉米可明显降低0～200 cm土层硝态氮残留量，且主要减少100 cm土层以下的硝态氮残留量，但对铵态氮残留量及其剖面分布无明显影响。夏玉米吐丝期，种植玉米0～200 cm土层的硝态氮残留量是198.1 kg·hm^-2，休闲小区的残留量是562.2 kg·hm^-2，前者比后者降低364.1 kg·hm^-2。施肥可明显增加土壤中硝态氮残留，并影响其剖面分布，但对铵态氮的影响较小。夏玉米出苗期施用氮肥处理的0～200 cm土层的硝态氮残留量是857.3 kg·hm^-2，而不施氮肥处理仅为165.7 kg·hm^-2，前者比后者增加4.2倍；与不施肥相比，出苗期施肥不仅增加表层土壤硝态氮含量，且表层硝态氮随降水和灌水淋失到200 cm土层;施肥处理收获期60 cm以下土层硝态氮含量明显增加，特别是在180～200 cm 存在硝态氮的累积峰。

Abstract:The relation between fallow, fertilization and soil inorganic nitrogen dynamics in the growth phase of summer maize was studied by field experimentation. The results indicate that the amount of nitrate nitrogen residue in the 0 ～ 200 cm soil layer, especially the 0 ～ 100 cm soil layer, is decreases significantly by planting summer maize. However, there is no observed significant effect of planting summer maize on residue amount of ammonia nitrogen and its distribution along profile. The amount of nitrate nitrogen residue in 0～200 cm soil under maize at silking is 198.1 kg·hm^-2, that under fallow is 562.2 kg·hm^-2, which is 364.1 kg·hm^-2higher than the former. Application of nitrogen fertilizer markedly increases soil nitrate nitrogen residue, also affecting its distribution in the soil profile. However, nitrogen fertilizer application has no obvious effect on residue amount and profile distribution of ammonia nitrogen. The amount of nitrate nitrogen residue under fertilization at the emergence period of summer maize is 857.3 kg·hm^-2; that of non-fertilization is 165.7 kg·hm^-2, 4.2 times less than the former. Compared with non-fertilization, nitrogen fertilization can increase nitrate nitrogen content, not only in the surface soil, but also in the 200 cm soil layer at seedling stage. At harvest, nitrate nitrogen content of fertilization treatment in soils deeper than 60 cm significantly increases, and is highest at 180 ～ 200 cm soil depth.

---