在大田条件下研究了两种品质类型花生(Arachis hypogaea)品质形成的动态差异及其子叶细胞超微结构的差异。结果表明, 高蛋白品种‘XB023’的蛋白质含量在籽仁发育前期较高油品种‘鲁花9号’低, 后期显著高于‘鲁花9号’, 且成熟期籽仁8种必需氨基酸组分含量均高于‘鲁花9号’, 其中谷氨酸、赖氨酸和亮氨酸含量差异极显著; ‘XB023’脂肪含量在籽仁发育期一直低于‘鲁花9号’。‘XB023’各时期的籽仁可溶性糖含量和油酸/亚油酸(O/L)值均显著低于‘鲁花9号’。两品种在果针入土10天时子叶细胞即形成淀粉粒、脂体和蛋白体, 随后脂体、蛋白体的数量不断增加, 淀粉粒先增大后逐渐缩小解体。‘XB023’的脂体达到最大的时间早于‘鲁花9号’, 而‘鲁花9号’的脂体快速积累的时间比‘XB023’长。两品种蛋白体大小都在果针入土40天时达到最大值, ‘XB023’的蛋白体在籽仁发育后期数量增加较快。高蛋白品种较高的蛋白质含量由其子叶细胞中较大蛋白体的大小和较多的蛋白体数量决定, 而高油品种较高的脂肪含量是由其较多的脂体数量决定。
Aims There are great differences in yield and quality of different quality types of peanut (Arachis hypogaea), and there is a significant negative correlation between different quality traits in one cultivar. We conducted an experiment to study the differences of quality formation and cell ultrastructure in different quality types of peanut. Methods A high-protein variety, ‘XB023’, and a high-fat variety, ‘Luhua 9’, were planted in an agricultural experiment station field with a randomized block design in the 2010-2011 growing season. We observed the protein, fat and soluble sugar content of seeds while the pegs grew into the soil for 10-60 days, the components of amino acids and fatty acids and the changes of ultrastructure in cotyledon cells during different development phases. Important findings The protein content of ‘XB023’ was lower than that of ‘Luhua9’ in the earlier stage of seed development, but significantly higher in the late development phase. The essential amino acid contents of ‘XB023’ were higher than those of ‘Luhua 9’, with glutamate, lysine and leucine contents being significantly different. Accumulation of fat in ‘XB023’ was lower than that of ‘Luhua 9’ throughout the development phases, and fat content of ‘XB023’ decreased in the late stage. The content of soluble sugar and the oleic/linoleic (O/L) ratio of ‘XB023’ were significantly lower than in ‘Luhua 9’. Starch grains, lipid bodies and protein bodies in cotyledon cells of the two varieties had begun to form while the pegs grew into the soil 10 days. With the number of lipid bodies and protein bodies increasing ceaselessly, the size of starch grains increased at first and then narrowed gradually with cotyledon development. The time when lipid bodies of ‘XB023’ reached maximum size was earlier than that of ‘Luhua 9’, and the time of rapid accumulation of lipid bodies in ‘Luhua 9’ was longer than that of ‘XB023’. The protein bodies of the two varieties both reached the maximum size when the pegs grew into the soil for 40 days. The number of protein bodies of ‘XB023’ grew fast during the late period. The protein content of seeds was determined by size and number of protein bodies, and the fat content was mainly determined by the number of lipid bodies in the cotyledon cells.