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鞍叶羊蹄甲茎皮的化学成分研究



全 文 :天然产物研究与开发 Nat Prod Res Dev 2012,24:754-756,771
文章编号:1001-6880(2012)06-0754-04
收稿日期:2012-02-23 接受日期:2012-04-20
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(21310104) ;广东省自然科学
基金项目(32210018)
* 通讯作者 Tel:86-20-85223420;E-mail:ofx@ jnu. edu. cn
鞍叶羊蹄甲茎皮的化学成分研究
张 磊,赵 琴,梁锐君,岑颖洲*
暨南大学化学系,广州 510632
摘 要:采用柱色谱方法,从鞍叶羊蹄甲(Bauhinia brachycarpa)茎皮 95%乙醇提取物的氯仿和乙酸乙酯萃取部
位分离得到 10 个化合物。经理化性质和波谱分析确定其结构分别为:羽扇豆醇(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、5,6,7,5’-
tetramethoxy-3’,4’-methylene-dioxyflavone(3)、5,6,7,3’,4’,5’-hexanmethoxyflavone(4)、5,7,3’,4’,5’-pentame-
thoxyflavone(5)、5,6,7,-trimethoxy-3’,4’-methylene-dioxyflav one(6)、胡萝卜苷(7)、没食子酸(8)、没食子酸甲
酯(9)和没食子酰表儿茶素(10) ,所有化合物均为首次从该种植物分离得到。
关键词:鞍叶羊蹄甲;三萜;黄酮;没食子酸
中图分类号:R284. 2 文献标识码:A
Chemical Constituents of Bauhinia brachycarpa
ZHANG Lei,ZHAO Qin,LIANG Rui-jun,CEN Ying-zhou*
Department of Chemistry,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China
Abstract:Ten compounds were obtained from chloroform and EtoAc fractions of 95% ethanol extract of Bauhinia
brachycarpa by repeated column chromatography over silica gel and sephadex LH-20. By physical-chemical and spectral
analysis,these compounds were identified as lupeol(1) ,β-sitosterol(2) ,5,6,7,5’-tetramethoxy-3’,4’-methy lene-
dioxyflavone(3) ,5 6,7,3’,4’,5’-hexanmethoxyflavone(4) ,5 7,3’,4’,5’-pentamethoxyflavone(5) ,5 6,7- trime-
thoxy-3’,4’-methylene-dioxyflavone(6) ,daucosterol(7) ,gallic acid(8) ,methyl gallate(9) ,and epicatechin 3-O-gal-
late(10). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Key words:Bauhinia brachycarpa;triperpenoids;flavones;gallic acid
鞍叶羊蹄甲(Bauhinia brachycarpa)属于豆科
(Leguminosae)羊蹄甲属(Bauhinia)植物,该属植物
有 250 多种,主要分布于亚洲、非洲等地。中国有
40 余种,分布于南部和西南部。传统应用中,其茎
根可入药,在治疗风湿筋骨痛、疮疡溃烂、皮肤湿疹、
半身不遂、跌打损伤等疾病的应用上有其独特的功
效[1]。近年来发现羊蹄甲属植物具有抗感染、镇
痛、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、治疗糖尿病[2]等功效,而国内
外未见对鞍叶羊蹄甲化学成分的报道,因此本文对
鞍叶羊蹄甲茎皮进行了深入的化学分析,从 95%乙
醇提取物的氯仿和乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离得到十个
化合物。
1 仪器与材料
X-6 型显微熔点测定仪(未校正,北京泰克仪器
有限公司) ,LCQ-DECA XP型 LC-(ESI)MS 质谱仪
(美国 ThermoFinnigan公司) ;DSQ 型 EI-MS 质谱仪
(美国 ThermoFinnigan 公司) ;Varian INOVA 500 型
超导核磁共振谱仪(美国 Varian 公司) ;BrukerA-
VANCE 400 型超导核磁共振谱仪瑞士(Bruker 公
司) ;Nicolet6700 FT-IR红外光谱仪(Thermo 公司) ;
色谱用硅胶(青岛海洋化工厂) ;Sephadex LH-20(瑞
士 Fluka公司) ,所用试剂均为分析纯。鞍叶羊蹄甲
茎皮于 2009 年 11 月购于广西南宁,经广东食品药
品职业学院蔡岳文主任中药师鉴定为鞍叶羊蹄甲
(Bauhinia brachycarpa) ,样品保存于暨南大学化学
系天然产物研究室。
2 提取分离
干燥鞍叶羊蹄甲茎皮 20 kg,用 95%乙醇浸泡
提取三次,每次 7 d,合并提取液,浓缩后得浸膏 2
kg。充分分散于水中,分别用氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁
醇萃取,依次得到萃取物 110,600,600 g。氯仿层浸
膏萃取物经硅胶(200 ~ 300 目)柱色谱,依次以石油
醚-乙酸乙酯(100∶ 0 ~ 0∶ 100)、乙酸乙酯-甲醇(100∶
0 ~ 0 ∶ 100)梯度洗脱,TLC 分析合并得 12 个组分
(Fr. 1-12) ,Fr. 2,Fr. 4 分别经乙酸乙酯两次重结晶
得化合物 1(1. 5 g) ,2(3. 3 g) ;Fr. 6,Fr. 7,Fr. 8 分
别经硅胶柱色谱,氯仿-甲醇(95∶ 5)洗脱,氯仿-乙醇
重结晶分别得到化合物 3(40. 5 mg) ,4(145. 0 mg) ,
5(160. 5 mg) ,6(30. 5 mg) ;Fr. 11 经甲醇多次洗涤
得到化合物 7(200. 0 mg)。取乙酸乙酯层萃取物经
硅胶(200 ~ 300 目)柱色谱,依次以氯仿-甲醇(100∶
0 ~ 0 ∶ 100)梯度洗脱,TLC 分析合并得 4 个组分
(Fr1-4) ,Fr. 2 经硅胶柱色谱,氯仿-甲醇(90∶ 10)洗
脱,氯仿-甲醇重结晶得化合物 8(40. 0 mg)、Fr. 3 经
硅胶柱色谱,氯仿-甲醇(90∶ 10)洗脱,乙酸乙酯洗涤
得化合物 9(38. 0 mg) ;Fr. 4 硅胶柱色谱,氯仿-甲醇
(90∶ 10)洗脱,后经凝胶柱色谱得到化合物 10(65. 5
mg)。
3 结构鉴定
化合物 1 白色针状晶体;IR(KBr)νmax3349,
2918,2849,1637,1644,1379,1093,880 cm -1;EI-MS
m/z:426[M]+,411,393,315,218,207,189,147,
135,121,109;1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4. 69,
4. 57(2H,s,H-29) ,3. 21(1H,s,H-3) ,1. 69(3H,s,
30-CH3) ,1. 03(3H,s,26-CH3) ,0. 99(3H,s,23-
CH3) ,0. 95(3H,s,27-CH3) ,0. 83(3H,s,25-CH3) ,
0. 79(3H,s,28-CH3) ,0. 76(3H,s,24-CH3) ;
13 C
NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:38. 7(C-1) ,27. 4(C-2) ,
79. 0(C-3) ,38. 9(C-4) ,55. 3(C-5) ,18. 3(C-6) ,
34. 3(C-7) ,40. 9(C-8) ,50. 5(C-9) ,37. 2(C-10) ,
20. 9(C-11) ,25. 2(C-12) ,38. 1(C-13) ,42. 8(C-
14) ,27. 5(C-15) ,35. 6(C-16) ,43. 0(C-17) ,48. 3
(C-18) ,48. 0(C-19) ,151. 0(C-20) ,29. 9(C-21) ,
40. 0(C-22) ,29. 7(C-23) ,15. 4(C-24) ,16. 1(C-
25) ,16. 0(C-26) ,14. 6(C-27) ,18. 0(C-28) ,19. 3
(C-29) ,109. 4(C-30)。以上数据与文献[3]对照基
本一致,故确定化合物 1 为羽扇豆醇(lupeol)。
化合物 2 白色针状晶体;IR(KBr)νmax 3441,
2936,2864,1639,1463,1382,1332 cm -1;EI-MS m/z:
414 [M]+,396,381,329,303,255,213,145,107,
43;1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5. 38(1H,d,J = 5. 2
Hz,H-6) ,3. 54(1H,m,H-3) ,0. 68,0. 82,0. 84,
0. 86,0. 92,1. 01 为-CH3 × 6,
13 C NMR(CDCl3,100
MHz)δ:37. 3(C-1) ,31. 7(C-2) ,71. 8(C-3) ,45. 9
(C-4) ,140. 8(C-5) ,121. 7(C-6) ,34. 0(C-7) ,31. 9
(C-8) ,50. 2(C-9) ,36. 5(C-10) ,21. 2(C-11) ,39. 7
(C-12) ,42. 2(C-13) ,56. 8(C-14) ,24. 4(C-15) ,
28. 2(C-16) ,56. 0(C-17) ,11. 9(C-18) ,19. 4(C-
19) ,36. 1(C-20) ,18. 8(C-21) ,31. 9(C-22) ,19. 0
(C-23) ,29. 2(C-24) ,28. 8(C-25) ,19. 8(C-26) ,
23. 1(C-27) ,26. 2(C-28) ,12. 0(C-29)。以上数据
与文献[4]数据基本一致,确定该化合物为 β-谷甾
醇。
化合物 3 白色针状结晶;ESI-MS m/z:387[M
+ H]+;1H NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:7. 06(2H,s,
H-2,H-6) ,6. 78(1H,s,H-3) ,6. 55(1H,s,H-8) ,
6. 07(2H,s,-CH2-) ,3. 92(3H,s,-OCH3) ,3. 99(9H,
s,-OCH3) ,
13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:160. 7(C-
2) ,107. 8(C-3) ,177. 1(C-4) ,152. 6(C-5) ,140. 4
(C-6) ,157. 8(C-7) ,96. 2(C-8) ,154. 4(C-9) ,112. 9
(C-10) ,126. 0(C-1) ,100. 4(C-2) ,149. 5(C-3) ,
138. 1(C-4) ,143. 8(C-5) ,106. 6(C-6) ,56. 3
(-OCH3) ,56. 9 (-OCH3) ,61. 5 (-OCH3) ,62. 2
(-OCH3) ,102. 3(-CH2-)。以上数据与文献
[5]基本
一致,确定该化合物为 5,6,7,5’-tetramethoxy-3’,
4’-methylene-dioxyflavone。
化合物 4 白色针状结晶;ESI-MS m/z:403[M
+ H]+;1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:7. 08(2H,d,J
= 2. 8 Hz,H-2,H-6) ,6. 81(1H,s,H-3) ,6. 65(1H,
s,H-8) ,3. 93(6H,s,-OCH3) ,3. 96(6H,s,-OCH3) ,
4. 00(6H,s,-OCH3) ;
13 C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:
161. 1(C-2) ,108. 2(C-3) ,177. 2(C-4) ,154. 5(C-
5) ,140. 5(C-6) ,157. 9(C-7) ,96. 3(C-8) ,152. 6(C-
9) ,112. 8(C-10) ,126. 8(C-1) ,103. 6(C-2) ,153. 6
(C-3) ,141. 0(C-4) ,153. 6(C-5) ,103. 6(C-6) ,
56. 4(-OCH3) ,56. 4(-OCH3) ,56. 4 (-OCH3) ,61. 1
(-OCH3) ,61. 6(-OCH3) ,62. 2(-OCH3)。以上数据
与文献[6,7]数据基本一致,确定该化合物为 5,6,7,
3’,4’,5’-hexanmethoxyflavone。
化合物 5 白色针状结晶;IR(KBr)νmax 2920,
1630,1600,1450,1415,1345,1240 cm -1;ESI-MS m/z:
373[M + H]+;1H NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:7. 08
(2H,d,J = 2. 8 Hz,H-2,H-6) ,6. 62(1H,s,H-3) ,
6. 57(1H,d,J = 2. 4 Hz,H-8) ,6. 39(1H,d,J = 2. 4
Hz,H-6) ,3. 97 (3H,s,-OCH3) ,3. 96 (6H,s,
-OCH3) ,3. 93 (3H,s,-OCH3 ) ,3. 92 (6H,s,
557Vol. 24 张 磊等:鞍叶羊蹄甲茎皮的化学成分研究
-OCH3) ;
13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:160. 5(C-2) ,
108. 8(C-3) ,177. 6(C-4) ,160. 9(C-5) ,96. 2(C-6) ,
164. 1(C-7) ,92. 9(C-8) ,159. 9(C-9) ,109. 2(C-
10) ,126. 8(C-1) ,103. 5(C-2) ,153. 5(C-3) ,
140. 9(C-4) ,153. 5(C-5) ,103. 5(C-6) ,55. 8
(-OCH3) ,56. 4 (2-OCH3) ,56. 5 (-OCH3) ,61. 0
(-OCH3)。以上数据与文献
[8,9]数据基本一致,确定
该化合物为 5,7,3’,4’,5’-pentamethoxyflavone。
化合物 6 白色针状结晶,ESI-MS m/z:357[M
+ H]+;1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:7. 44(1H,dd,J
= 1. 6 Hz,8. 0 Hz,H-6) ,7. 31(1H,d,J = 1. 6 Hz,H-
2) ,6. 92(1H,d,J = 8. 0 Hz,H-5) ,6. 78(1H,s,H-
3) ,6. 54(1H,s,H-8) ,6. 07(2H,s,-CH2-) ;
13 C NMR
(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:160. 8(C-2) ,107. 5(C-3) ,
177. 1(C-4) ,152. 6(C-5) ,140. 4(C-6) ,157. 7(C-
7) ,96. 2(C-8) ,154. 4(C-9) ,112. 9(C-10) ,125. 6
(C-1) ,106. 1(C-2) ,148. 4(C-3) ,150. 3(C-4) ,
108. 7(C-5) ,121. 0(C-6) ,56. 3(-OCH3) ,61. 5(2-
OCH3) ,62. 2(-OCH3) ,101. 9(-OCH2O-)。以上数
据与文献[5]数据基本一致,确定该化合物为 5,6,
7,-trimethoxy-3’,4’-methylene-dioxyflavone。
化合物 7 白色固体;Liebermann-Burchard 反
应和 Molish 反应均呈阳性;ESI-MS m/z:611[M +
Cl]-;R f 值与 β-胡萝卜苷标准品一致;
13 C NMR
(pyridine-d5,100 MHz)δ:140. 7(C-6) ,121. 7(C-
5) ,102. 4 (C-1) ,78. 4(C-3) ,78. 2(C-3) ,77. 9(C-
5) ,75. 1(C-2) ,71. 5(C-4) ,62. 7(C-6) ,56. 6(C-
14) ,56. 1(C-17) ,50. 2(C-9) ,45. 9(C-24) ,42. 3(C-
13) ,39. 8(C-4) ,39. 2(C-12) ,37. 3(C-1) ,36. 7(C-
10) ,36. 2(C-20) ,34. 0(C-22) ,32. 0(C-8) ,31. 9(C-
7) ,30. 1(C-2) ,29. 3(C-25) ,28. 3(C-16) ,26. 2(C-
23) ,24. 3(C-15) ,23. 2(C-28) ,21. 1(C-11) ,19. 8
(C-26) ,19. 2(C-19) ,19. 0(C-27) ,18. 8(C-21) ,
12. 0(C-29) ,11. 8(C-18)。以上数据与文献[10]数
据基本一致,确定该化合物为 β-胡萝卜苷。
化合物 8 无色针状结晶,mp:238 ~ 240 ℃;
ESI-MS m/z:169[M-H]-;1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400
MHz)δ:6. 92(2H,s,H-2,6) ,8. 82(1H,brs,OH-4) ,
9. 18(2H,brs,OH-3,5) ,12. 24(1H,brs,COOH-7).
13C NMR (DMSO-d6,100 MHz)δ:167. 9(C = O) ,
145. 8(C-3,5) ,138. 4(C-4) ,120. 9(C-1) ,109. 2(C-
2,6)。以上数据与文献[11]数据基本一致,确定该化
合物为没食子酸。
化合物 9 无色颗粒状结晶,mp:198 ~ 200 ℃;
ESI-MS m/z:183 [M-H]-;1H NMR (DMSO-d6,400
MHz)δ:3. 75(3H,s,H-8) ,6. 95(2H,s,H-2,6) ,
8. 91(1H,brs,OH-4 ) ,6. 95(2H,s,OH-3,5) ;13 C
NMR (DMSO-d6,100 MHz)δ:167. 8(C = O) ,146. 0
(C-3,5) ,138. 9(C-4) ,120. 0(C-1) ,109. 0(C-2,6) ,
52. 0(-OCH3)。以上数据与文献
[12]数据基本一致,
确定该化合物为没食子酸甲酯。
化合物 10 浅红色粉末;mp:239 ~ 241 ℃ . ESI-
MS m/z:443[M + H]+;1H NMR (CD3OD,400
MHz)δ:6. 89(2H,s,H-2″,H-6″) ,6. 87(1H,d,J =
2. 0 Hz,H-2) ,6. 75(1H,dd,J = 8. 5,2. 0 Hz,H-6) ,
6. 64(1H,d,J = 8. 5 Hz,H-6″) ,5. 91(1H,d,J = 2. 5
Hz,H-8) ,5. 90(1H,d,J = 2. 0 Hz,H-6) ,5. 47(1H,
brs,H-2) ,. 97(1H,m,H-3) ,2. 94(1H,dd,J = 4. 5
Hz,17. 5 Hz,H-4a) ,2. 79 (1H,dd,J = 17. 5 Hz,2. 0
Hz,H-4b) ;13 C NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:78. 6(C-
2) ,70. 0(C-3) ,26. 9(C-4) ,157. 8(C-5) ,96. 5(C-
6) ,157. 9(C-7) ,95. 9(C8) ,157. 3(C-9) ,99. 4(C-
10) ,131. 4(C-1) ,115. 1(C-2) ,145. 9(C-3″) ,
146. 0(C-4″) ,116. 0(C-5″) ,119. 4(C-6″) ,121. 5(C-
1″) ,110. 2(C-2″) ,146. 3(C-3″) ,139. 8(C-4″) ,
146. 3(C-5″) ,110. 2(C-6″) ,167. 7(C-7″)。以上数
据与文献[13]数据基本一致,确定该化合物为没食子
酰表儿茶素。
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