Gymnodimine(GYM)是1994年从新西兰牡蛎中被鉴定出的藻毒素.其由凯伦藻（Karenia selliformis）产生,结构中含有一个位于螺环上的亚胺氮,属于环亚胺毒素.亚胺是GYM的毒理功能基团,具有很高的小鼠腹腔注射急性致死毒性,口服毒性很小,但详细的毒理作用机制尚不清楚.本文基于有限的研究资料,系统综述了GYM的结构、来源生物、毒性机理、携带生物、地理分布、降解代谢、剂量响应关系及风险评估等研究现状,并对今后藻毒素的重点研究方向进行了展望.
Gymnodimine (GYM), an algal toxin first detected from New Zealand oyst
ers in 1994, is identified as a cyclic imine toxin and produced by Karenia sel
liformis, with imino nitrogen attached on loop-coil. Imine is the poisonous f
unctional group of the toxin. GYM has a low oral toxicity, but its acute lethal
toxicity of intra-peritoneal injection for mice is very high. Up to now, few re
ports have been published on the detailed information about the toxicity mechani
sm of GYM. Based on limited literatures, this paper reviewed the GYM’s structure
, producer, toxicity mechanism, carrying animals, geological distribution, degra
dation metabolism, dose-effect relation, and risk evaluation, and proposed the
further research directions on algal toxin.