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小槐花醇提物药理作用研究



全 文 :*基金项目:广西自然科学基金项目(NO:2012GXNSFAA053175)
 作者简介:李燕婧(1979~),女,助理研究员,主要从事中药药理研究工作。
小槐花醇提物药理作用研究*
李燕婧,钟正贤,卢文杰
(广西中医药研究院,广西 南宁 530022)
  摘 要:目的:观察小槐花醇提物的药理作用。方法:采
用对戊巴比妥钠小鼠睡眠时间的影响实验;小鼠醋酸扭体法;
小鼠碳末廓清法和对正常小鼠血清SOD活性和 MDA含量的
影响实验,以及急性毒性试验。结果:小槐花醇提物能促进小
鼠睡眠并延长其睡眠时间,减少醋酸所致的小鼠扭体反应次
数,能提高单核巨噬细胞吞噬指数,能有效降低小鼠血清
MDA含量,同时提高SOD活性。小鼠最大给药量为128g生
药/kg。结论:提示小槐花醇提物具有明显的镇静催眠,镇痛,
免疫增强和抗氧化作用,且毒性较低。
关键词:小槐花醇提物;药理作用;小鼠
中图分类号:R962 文献标识码:A
文章编号:1007-2349(2013)05-0064-02
小槐花[Desmodium caudatum(Thunb.)DC.]为豆科(蝶
形花亞科Fabaceae)山蚂蝗属植物,以根或全株入药。原产于
生于山谷、草地、林缘和村边,也有少数栽培。分布于安徽、浙
江、江西、福建、台湾、湖北、湖南、广西、广东、四川、贵州、云南
和西藏等省区[1~2]。小槐花微苦、辛,平,清热利湿、消积散
瘀、消肿止痛之功效,用于咳嗽吐血、水肿、小儿疳积、痈疮、溃
疡、跌打损伤、痢疾、黄疸型肝炎、伤风咳嗽、小儿惊风、驱蛔
虫、毒蛇咬伤等,民间常用[2~3]。近年来对小槐花的研究多集
中在小槐花的化学成分的化合物结构的鉴定[4]等方面,对小
槐花的药理作用研究极少。因此,本文对小槐花的乙醇提取
物进行了药理研究,探讨其在镇痛,镇静催眠,抗氧化方面的
药理作用,为将来开发应用小槐花提供实验依据。现将实验
结果报道如下。
1 实验材料
1.1 药物 小槐花乙醇提取物(11.84g生药/g膏),由广西
中医药研究院化学研究所提供。阿司匹林为武汉远大制药集
团股份有限公司产品,批号:101004;安定为天津药业焦作有
限公司产品,批号:12020222。人参蜂王浆为北京市东风保健
营养品有限责任公司产品,批号:2012061906。
1.2 试剂 丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)试剂盒为
南京建成生物研究所产品,批号分别为20120912和20120917。
1.3 动物 NH种小鼠,18~22g,雌雄兼用,由广西中医药
研究院实验动物中心提供。小鼠分性别饲养于空调实验室
内,室温(22±2)℃,相对湿度(60±2)%,喂颗粒标准饲料,自
由饮水和摄食。
1.4 仪器 722型光栅分光光度计,上海分析仪器三厂产品。
2 方法
2.1 对戊巴比妥钠小鼠睡眠时间的影响[5] 取小鼠50只,
雌雄各半,随机分为空白对照组,阳性药安定(5mg/kg)组,小
槐花醇提大、中、小剂量(6.40g/kg、3.20g/kg、2.13g/kg)
组,每组10只小鼠。各用药组灌胃给药1次,空白对照组给
予等体积的蒸馏水,于给药后1h后,腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠
50mg/kg,以翻正反射消失为入睡时间,记录从翻正反射消失
至恢复时间的睡眠持续时间,求出每组小鼠睡眠持续时间平
均值,采用t检验做统计学处理。结果见表1。
表1 小槐花醇提物对戊巴比妥钠小鼠睡眠时间的影响(-x ±s,n=10)
组别 剂量(g/kg) 小鼠睡眠时间
空白对照组 - 44.90±25.80
安定组 0.005  193.11±39.98**
6.40  109.20±29.07**
小槐花醇提物 3.20  96.30±25.21**
2.13  81.30±35.49*
  注:与空白对照组比较:**P<0.01,*P<0.05
结果表明,与空白对照组比较,小槐花醇提物大、中、小剂
量组均能明显延长小鼠睡眠时间。提示小槐花醇提物有协同
戊巴比妥钠的作用,具有明显的镇静催眠作用。
2.2 镇痛实验[5] 取小鼠50只,雌雄各半,随机分为空白对
照组,阳性药阿斯匹林(200mg/kg)组,小槐花醇提大、中、小
剂量(6.40g/kg、3.20g/kg、2.13g/kg)组,每组10只小鼠。
用药各组均以灌胃给药,空白对照组给予等量的蒸馏水,每天
1次,连续7d。于末次给药后1h,每只小鼠腹腔注射0.6%
醋酸溶液0.2mL/只,立即观察并记录20min内各小鼠的扭
体次数。结果见表2。
表2 小槐花醇提物对醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应的影响(-x ±s,n=10)
组别 剂量(g/kg) 20min内扭体次数
空白对照组 - 28.1±17.9
阿斯匹林 0.20  8.8±7.5*
6.40  11.3±8.4*
小槐花醇提物 3.20  11.7±6.7*
2.13  13.3±9.3*
  注:与对照组比较,*P<0.05
46 云 南 中 医 中 药 杂 志          2013年第34卷第5期
DOI:10.16254/j.cnki.53-1120/r.2013.05.039
结果表明,与空白对照组比较,小槐花醇提物大、中、小剂
量组均能明显减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体次数。提示小槐花醇提
物具有明显的镇痛作用。
2.3 采用小鼠碳粒廓清法[6] 取小鼠50只,雌雄各半,随机
分为空白对照组,阳性药人参蜂王浆(10mL/kg)组,小槐花醇
提大、中、小剂量(6.40g/kg、3.20g/kg、2.13g/kg),每组10只
小鼠。每天灌胃给药一次,空白对照组给予等体积蒸馏水,连
续7d。于末次给药60min后,小鼠尾静脉注射20% 印度墨
汁0.1mL/10g体重,于注入后的2min和7min时分别从小
鼠眼眶静脉丛用微量吸管取血20uL,溶于2mL 0.1%
Na2CO3溶液中摇匀,于722分光光度计上650nm处测定吸
光度(0·D值),按公式:K=(logOD1-logOD2)/(t2-t1)计
算吞噬指数k值,进行组间比较t检验,评价药物对单核巨噬
细胞吞噬功能。
表3 小槐花醇提物对单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响(-x ±s)
组别 剂量(g/mL)鼠数(只) 吞噬指数(k值)
对照组 — 10  0.017±0.008
人参蜂王浆 10mL  10  0.031±0.011*
6.40  10  0.028±0.007*
小槐花醇提物 3.20  10  0.027±0.003*
2.13  10  0.026±0.004*
  与对照组比较,*P<0.05
结果表明,与空白对照组比较,小槐花醇提物高中低剂量
组与阳性药均能显著提高单核巨噬细胞吞噬指数。提示该药
具有明显的免疫增强作用。
2.4 对正常小鼠血清 MDA含量和SOD活性的影响[7] 取
小鼠50只,雌雄各半,随机分为空白对照组,阳性药人参蜂王
浆(10mL/kg)组,小槐花醇提大、中、小剂量(6.40g/kg、
3.20g/kg、2.13g/kg)组,每组10只小鼠。用药各组均以灌
胃给药,空白对照组给予等量的蒸馏水,每天1次,连续10d,
于末次给药后1h,从小鼠眼眶静脉丛取血,分离血清,按临床
试剂盒方法测定血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化
酶(SOD)活性。结果见表3。
表4 对正常小鼠血清MDA含量和SOD活性的影响(-x ±s,n=10)
组别 剂量(g/kg) SOD(u/mL) MDA(mmmol/L)
空白对照组 - 169.19±10.95  10.63±2.09
人参蜂王浆 10.0mL  189.84±20.02* 8.6±2.00*
6.40  193.04±22.79** 7.61±1.45**
小槐花醇提物 3.20  190.08±10.86** 7.96±2.17*
2.13  190.62±29.90* 8.78±1.05*
  注:与空白对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
结果表明,与空白对照组比较,小槐花醇提物能有效降低
    
小鼠血清 MDA含量,同时提高SOD活性,提示其具有显著的
抗氧化作用。
2.5 急性毒性实验 取小鼠预试后,另选取18~22g小鼠40
只,分为对照组和给药组,雌雄各半。小鼠禁食24h不禁水。
以小槐花醇提物的最大给药浓度和最大给药体积给小鼠灌胃
给药,24h内给药3次,对照组给予蒸馏水,连续观察14d,记
录动物体重、外观、食欲、行为活动、死亡等毒副反应情况。结
果小鼠体重正常增长,无明显毒副作用。测出小槐花醇提物
最大给药量为128g生药/kg体重。
3 讨论与小结
山蚂蝗属植物小槐花是广西壮族和西南民族等地区特有
的一味重要的民族药,具有清热解毒,祛风利湿之功效,用于
复方中药治疗胃肠道疾病有较好的疗效。目前的研究发现小
槐花的原植物中,含有一定的黄酮类、多酚类和醇类成分,但
小槐花药理作用的活性成分及其作用机制研究较少。为了探
讨和开发小槐花的药用价值,本文对其进行了催眠、镇痛、抗
氧化和免疫增强等药理作用的实验研究。结果表明,小槐花
醇提物能有效延长小鼠的睡眠时间;明显减少醋酸所致小鼠
扭体次数;降低小鼠血清 MDA含量,提高SOD活力;显著提
高单核巨噬细胞吞噬指数,说明小槐花具有较好的镇静催眠、
镇痛、抗氧化和免疫增强等作用。急性毒性实验,小槐花醇提
物最大给药量为128g生药/kg,表明其毒性很小。
综上所述,研究提示小槐花醇提物具有延长小鼠的睡眠
时间;能明显减少醋酸所致疼痛作用,对正常小鼠具有显著的
抗氧化作用,以及免疫增强作用,可能与其所含黄酮类、多酚
类和醇类成分有关。本实验结果为小槐花将来产品研发和临
床应用提供了科学依据。
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(收稿日期:2013-03-11)
562013年第34卷第5期          云 南 中 医 中 药 杂 志
书Yunnan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica
Vol. 34. No. 5 (General No. 239) May,2013
Main Content
Study on the Laws of Medicine Application of 300 Chest Pain Patients Treated by Ancient Physicians
ZHANG Shan - shan,LI Yun - lun…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Clinical Effect of Stomach Regulating Decoction on the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia Patients
DU Yi - bin,WANG Hua - ning,RAN Bin…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Effect of Suanzhiqing Preparation on Xanthine Oxidase of Hyperuricemia and Hyperlipidemia Rat Liver
SHANG Hu - hu……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Study on the Pharmacological Effect of Flos Sophorae Extract
LI Yan - jing,ZHONG Zheng - xian,LU Wen - jie………………………………………………………………………………………………
Study on the Laws of Medicine Application of 300 Chest Pain Patients Treated by Ancient Physicians
ZHANG Shan - shan,LI Yun - lun
(The First Clinical School of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ji’nan 250355,Shandong)
Abstract:Objective:To explore the laws of medicine application of ancient chest pain patients. Methods:By collecting the ancient medical
records and establishing the database of the chest pain patients,times and frequency of medical application were analyzed. Results:A. General laws of
the medical application from high to low of categories were that the medicine for regulating flow of qi,restoring qi,reducing phlegm,promoting blood
circulation,and dispelling pathogenic factors from exterior. B. Commonly used and effective Chinese medicine were Pinellia,Alli macrostemonis,
Glycyrrhizae,Poria,Ginnamomi,Paeoniae alba,Licorice,Citri reticulatae,Trichosanthis,Semen persicae,Semen pruni ameniacae,Salviae
miltiorrhizae,Angelicae,Rhizoma cyperi,Ginger,Zingiberis,Curcumae,Atractlodis macrocephalae,Fructus aurantii,Aconiti lateralis preparata,
Ginseng,Fructus gardeniae,Platycodonis ,Fructus evodiae,Cortex cinnamomi and Fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae. Conclusion:The medicine for chest
pain treatment used by the ancient physicians was mainly to regulate flow of qi,restore qi,reduce phlegm,promote blood circulation,and dispel
pathogenic factors from exterior,and among five tastes,three tastes are mainly pungent,bitter and sweet,entering the spleen,lung,heart and stomach
meridian.
Key words:chest pain,frequency statistics,application law
Clinical Effect of Stomach Regulating Decoction on the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia Patients
DU Yi - bin,WANG Hua - ning,RAN Bin
(Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Kunming 650021,Yunnan)
Abstract:Objective:To observe the clinical effect of Stomach Regulating Decoction on the treatment of functional dyspepsia patients. Methods:76
patients were randomly divided into 2 groups,38 per group. The patients in the treatment group were treated with the decoction while the patients in the
control group were given domperidone and omeprazole capsule treatment. The postprandial fullness discomfort,early satiety,epigastric pain and
epigastric burning sensation of 2 groups were observed before and after the treatment and their score and syndrome therapeutic effect were evaluated.
Results:The symptoms of the postprandial fullness discomfort,early satiety,epigastric pain and epigastric burning sensation of the treatment group in 4
groups significantly improved after the treatment (P < 0. 01). The effectiveness of the epigastric burning sensation of the treatment group was better than
that of the control group. The symptoms of the postprandial fullness discomfort and early satiety of the 2 groups improved significantly (P < 0. 01). The
treatment group was better than that of the control group(P < 0. 01)in term of epigastric burning sensation curative effect and also better than that of the
control group in the postprandial fullness discomfort,upper abdominal pain and side effects (P < 0. 05). The total effective rate of the treatment group
was 94. 7% while that of the control group was 81. 6% . The comparison of the 2 groups showed significant difference (P < 0. 05). During treatment,
there were no adverse reaction in the 2 groups and their blood routine,ECG,liver and kidney function tests were normal before and after the treatment.
Conclusion:Stomach Regulating Decoction has an obvious effect on the treatment of functional dyspepsia such as postprandial fullness discomfort,early
satiety,epigastric pain and epigastric burning sensation.
Key words:functional dyspepsia,Chinese medicine therapy,Stomach Regulating Decoction
Effect of Suanzhiqing Preparation on Xanthine Oxidase of Hyperuricemia and Hyperlipidemia Rat Liver
SHANG Hu - hu
(Qinghai Armed Police Corps Hospital,Xining 810000,Qinghai)
Abstract:Objective:To explore Suanzhiqing Preparation on xanthine oxidase (XOD)of hyperuricemia and hyperlipemia rat liver for further study
on the effect of urate lowering mechanism. Methods:Male SD rats were used to feed fat emulsion and high purine liquid to establish rat model of
hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia,and the model rats were treated with Suanzhiqing to establish purine alcohol and fenofibrate group,blank group,and
model group to observe the changes of liver xanthine oxidase before and after the treatment. Results:Xanthine oxidase levels of Suanzhiqing group had
no obvious changes compared with that of the model group and the control group(P > 0. 05) ,but that of the allopurinol group decreased significantly (P
< 0. 001). Conclusion:The effectiveness of Suanzhiqing has a better effect on lowering uric acid than that of allopurinol,and its urate lowering
mechanism may be mainly achieved through promoting the excretion of uric acid and has clinical applicability.
Key words:Suanzhiqing preparation,hyperuricemia,hyperlipidemia,xanthine oxidase
Study on the Pharmacological Effect of Flos Sophorae Extract
LI Yan - jing,ZHONG Zheng - xian,LU Wen - jie
(Guangxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangxi 530022,Nanning)
Abstract:Objective:To observe the pharmacological function of Flos Sophorae extract. Methods:Sodium pentobarbital induced mice’s sleeping
time test,acetic acid writhing mice test,mice carbon clearance method and normal mouse serum SOD activity test,MDA content test and the acute
toxicity test were used. Results:Flos Sophorae extract could promote and prolong the mice sleeping time,reduce the writhing times caused by acetic
acid,enhance the index of high mononuclear macrophage phagocytosis,effectively reduce the content of MDA in serum of the mice,and increase the
activity of SOD. The mice maximum dosage was 128G crude drug /kg. Conclusion:Flos sophorae alcohol extract has obvious sedative,hypnotic,
analgesic,immune and antioxidant effects,with low toxicity.
Key words:Flos sophorae alcohol extract,pharmacological action,mice