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作 者 ：苍晶 王学东 吴秀菊 桂明珠

期 刊 ：植物学通报 2002年 19卷 04期 页码：469-476

关键词：狗枣猕猴桃；果实；发育；解剖；

摘 要 ：对狗枣猕猴桃果实发育进行了显微和超微结构观察。其主要过程可分为：1. 早期胚胎发育：多心皮合生子房，通常具16个心室，中轴胎座。中轴上着生大量倒生胚珠，单珠被，具珠被绒毡层。胚囊蓼型。授粉后约2～4h花粉萌发。授粉后约120h花粉管到达胚珠。受精后，初生胚乳核分裂先于合子。胚乳发育为细胞型。2. 果壁：果壁可分为果皮、果肉和果心三部分。果皮较薄，由2～3层薄壁细胞组成。外表面光滑无毛，但覆有角质层，气孔下陷，分布于其中。果肉的大部分由薄壁细胞组成，分大、小两种细胞 ，小细胞含较多淀粉粒，淀粉粒的水解是果实软化的原因之一。果肉薄壁组织细胞还含有叶绿体及两种异细胞，一种异细胞内含物为结晶，普遍存在；另一种含被番红染成红色的絮团状物。果心由维管束和薄壁细胞组成，维管束不发达。3. 种子：种皮外表面呈蜂窝状，种皮较硬，由两层细胞构成。线性直立胚，胚乳发达，主要贮藏物是蛋白质。

Abstract:The fruit development of Actinidia kolmikta Maxim. was studied by means of LM and EM. The results are as follows: 1.Young embryo development: The gamogastrous which was constituted by polycarpel generally contained sixteen loculuses; Many anatropous ovules lay in axile placenta; Unitegimy had integumentary tapetum; The embryo sac is of Polygonum type. Pollen grains germinate about 2～4 hours after pollination, then pollen tube would reach ovule 120 hours later. After fertilization,the primary endosperm nucleus divides earlier than zygote . The endosperm development is of cellular type. 2.Fruit wall: It consisted of pericarp, pulp and pith. The pericarp which contained 2 to 3 layers of parenchyma cells is thin.The outer surface covered by cuticle and having sunken somata is smooth and glabrous. Most of the pulp,which is made up of parenchyma cells,is differe ntiated into two types of cells. Small type of cells contained more starch grains whose hydrolyzation is one of the causes for fruit softening. Parenchyma cells in pulp contained chloroplast and two kinds of idioblasts which differed in contents—one is ubiquitous crystal, the other is red foccule stained with safranine. The fruit core included parenchyma cell and poorly developed vascular bundl es. 3.Seed: The seed coat is alveolate on the outer surface,is hard and coupsed of two cells. The embryo is linearly and straight. The endosperm is well developed, mainly contains stored protein.

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