The short-time eco-physiological response to dust was measured for the leaves of 22 local popular plant species including roadside trees, fruit trees, forest trees and crop species in Beijing. The dust did affect the eco-physiology of leaves of these species. After being covered by dust the instant net photosynthetic rates of most plant species changed insignificantly, but it decreased by more than 35% for 5 species, and it increased by more than 57% for Ginkgo biloba L. The respiration rates of 12 plant species increased significantly, but it decreased significantly for Malus pumila Mill. (M. communis D C.) and Cotinus coggygria (L.) Scop., and it changed insignificantly for the other 8 species. The transpiration rates of 5 plant species increased significantly, however, they decreased for 9 species, and changed insignificantly for the other 8 species. Platanus occidentalis L. had highest dust carrying capacity. After 2 h the physiological indices did not change significantly for Diospyros kaki L.f., G. biloba and Populus tomentosa Carr. The implications of the research are that Ulmus laevis Pall., M. pumila (M. communis ), D. kaki and G. biloba are suitable for amelioration of dust storm damage and increase in local economical development near the sources of dust storms in western China. And in the cities, such as Beijing and other dust areas, the plants have high dust-carrying capacity can be planted for air cleaning.
植物叶片对沙尘的短时间生理生态反应
陈雄文
（中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学开放研究实验室，北京100093）
摘要：通过对在北京分布普遍的包括行道树、果树、林木、庄稼等的22种植物对模拟的沙尘在短时间的生理生态指标变化测定,表明沙尘在瞬时内确实影响各种植物叶片的生理生态过程.5种植物的净光合速率降低超过35%,但是银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)的净光合速率增加超过57%.12个物种的呼吸速率显著增加,但是苹果(Malus pumila Mill.)(M.communis D C.)和黄栌(Cotinus coggygria(L.)Scop.)的呼吸速率显著降低,另外8个种变化不大.5个种的蒸腾速率显著增加,9个种蒸腾速率显著降低.美国梧桐(Platanus occidentalis L.)有较大的附尘力.还对3个种柿(Diospyros kaki L.f.)、银杏和毛白杨(Populustomentosa Carr.)在沙尘覆盖2 h后测定生理生态指标.本研究表明在沙尘源附近种植欧州白榆(Ulmus laevis Pall.)、苹果、柿和银杏等比较适合阻挡沙尘还有利于当地经济,而在离沙尘源较远的城市(如北京)种植具有较大附尘力的植物有利于净化空气.
关键词： 叶片；生理生态反应；沙尘
全 文 ：