作 者 ：Fang De-qiu, Zhang Wen-cai, Xiao Shun-Yuan
期 刊 ：植物分类学报 1993年 4期
Keywords:Citrus, Phylogeny,
Abstract:
The leaf or bark tissue extracts of 108 biotypes of Citrus and its five re-
lated genera were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for isozymes of
peroxidase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, phosphoglucose isomerase,
phosphoglucose mutase, superoxide dismutase, tetrazolium oxidase,
NADP+- dependent malate dehydrogenase and esterase. The inter-or intra-generic
differences of isozymograms were compared. Dissimilarities of the isozyme patterns
among the samples were calculated by computer based on the UPGMA method
to demonstrate the phylogenetic relationship of the biotypes. There are remarkable
isozymogramatic differences among the six genera. Generally speaking, each genus
possesses its own unique bands. Based on the cluster analysis, the total Citrus
biotypes are classified into seven groups, i.e. Honghe papeda, Mauritius papeda,
Pummelo, Ichang papeda, Citron, Lemon-lime and Mandarin-orange. Ichang
papeda is suggested to be the third subgenus of the genus Citrus. The Fuming
trifoliata orange is accepted as a new species of Poncirus-P. polyandra S. Q.
Ding. It might be the evolutionary bridge between Poncirus and Citrus, and one of
the “missing links” as suggested by W. T. Swingle. Microacrumen (small- fruited
mandarin) is the primitive form of the mandarins. It seems better to consid-
er“ Horse-nose mandarin ”or “Xipigoushigan mandarin” as the typic mandarin
originated in China. Euacrumen (large-fruited mandarin) might have arised
through two ways. One is hybridization of Microacrumen and C. sinensis, and
the other is just the variation of Microacrumen. Ancestors of some biotypes are
inferred based on isozyme data. Fortunella obovata Tan. may be a hybrid of
Fortunella and Citrus. C. unshiu Marc. arose from the nucellar mutation
of“Huangyanbendiguangju mandarin”( C. nobilis Lour.) in Huangyan of
Zhejiang Province. C. junos Sieb. came from hybridization of Ichang papeda and
mandarin. C. grandis Osbeck and mandarin may have been involved in the origin
of C. aurantium L.. C. limonia Osbeck may be a hybrid between C. medica L.
and mandarin. The evolutionary trend of citrus fruit trees is proposed, and
a tentative phylogenetic diagram is drawn.