作 者 ：胡冰冰,李后魂*,梁之聘,赵铁建,任秀柏
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 12期 页码：3226~3238
Keywords:Tianjin, Baxian Mountain, butterfly, diversity, fauna,
摘 要 ：选取（a）小港、（b）山门→太平沟、（c）山门→栈道、（d）栈道→仙姑泉和（e）仙姑泉→明安梁5个样地，对天津八仙山国家级自然保护区内的蝴蝶群落进行了系统研究。共采集蝴蝶2218只，隶属于8科56属88种。蛱蝶科的种类数（35种）和个体数（784只）均为最多，是保护区的优势类群；喙蝶科（23只）和绢蝶科（1只）都只有1种，是保护区的稀有类群。计算并分析了5个生境中蝶类的多样性指数、物种丰富度、优势度指数、均匀度指数和生境间相似性系数。结果显示：生境条件的变化对蝴蝶多样性产生了明显的影响：总体上来讲，人类活动对环境和森林植被的干扰越大，蝴蝶多样性指数就越低。其中生境d的植物群落结构最为稳定和复杂，环境质量优越，最适合蝶类生存和繁衍，因此具有最高的多样性指数、物种丰富度、物种数和个体数以及最低的优势度指数；生境a的植物群落结构单一，环境质量相对较差，蝴蝶的多样性指数、物种丰富度和均匀度指数均为最低，而优势度指数最高；生境e的多样性指数H′ (FGS)低于生境d和c，这种现象符合中度干扰假说。因此对保护区提出以下建议：恢复和提高生境质量；保护濒危珍稀物种；适度合理地发展旅游资源；适度的开发和利用蝴蝶资源。对八仙山蝴蝶区系组成进行了分析，广布种、古北种和东洋种所占的比例分别为56.82%，35.23%和7.95%，可见八仙山保护区内的蝴蝶广布种占有绝对的优势，古北种明显多于东洋种。
Abstract:The butterfly species in Baxian Mountain Nature Reserves of Tianjin was studied based on the collection in five samples: (a) Xiaogang, (b) Shanmen→Taiping Gou, (c) Shanmen→Zhandao, (d) Shanmen→Xiangu Spring and (e) Xiangu Spring→Minganliang. A total of 2218 butterfly specimens were collected, of which 88 species in 56 genera under eight families were identified. Nymphalidae was the dominant family, with the most species number (35) and individuals (784); Parnassiidae and Libytheidae contain only one species each, which was regarded as the rare species. The diversity index, the specific richness, the dominance index, the evenness index and the similarity coefficient of the five habitats were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the change of the environmental quality influenced the diversity of butterfly remarkably. The greater the influence of human activity on the environment and forest vegetation, the lower the diversity index of the butterfly was. In habitat (d), the favorable environmental quality led to the most stable and diverse plant community, which was fit for butterflies to exist and breed. So the diversity index and the specific richness were the greatest, but the dominance index was the lowest. In habitat (a), the simple plant community resulted in the relatively poor environmental quality, where the diversity index, the specific richness and evenness index were the lowest, but the dominance index was the highest. The diversity index in habitat (e) was lower than that in habitat (d) and (c), which accorded with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Therefore, we suggest that the Administrative Bureau of Baxian Mountain Reserves should restore and improve the environmental quality, exploit tourism reasonably, and exploit and utilize the butterfly resources moderately, so that the endangered and rare species can be protected effectively.The preliminary analysis of our material also revealed that the percentage of the widely distributed species, the Palearctic species and the Oriental species was 56.82%, 35.23% and 7.95% respectively in Baxian Mountain Nature Reserves, the widely distributed species were absolutely dominant, and the Palearctic species were obviously more than the Oriental species.
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