Abstract:Improving the resource and environmental performance is at the core of and is the key to bio-restoration in China′s ecologically fragile areas. This essay, adopting the Technical Criterion for Eco-environmental Status Evaluation and Resources and Environment Performance Index (REPI), conducted a systematic analysis on the resource and environmental performance of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in western China, a region which is ecologically and environmentally fragile. Through the analysis, it drew following conclusions： Though Ningxia’s REPI was improved from 38.7 in 2000 to 66.9 in 2007, it was far below the nation’s average level and that of the other three autonomous regions of minority ethnic groups (excluding Tibet), ranking the 30th compared with other provinces and regions most of the time. In its REPI, the Construction Land Performance Index and Fixed Assets Performance Index were improved significantly; the changes of the COD Emissions Performance Index were shown in the shape of an “N”; the changes of the other indexes were not obvious such as SO2 Emissions Performance Index, Energy Performance Index, Industrial Solid Waste Emissions Performance Index, Water Usage Performance Index. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as a whole is facing dual pressures both from its unstable ecological environment and from the sensitivity about interferences from external forces. The declines in resource consumption and pollutant emissions are also not stable. However, at the same time, there is huge space to improve Ningxia′s REPI in the next 15 to 20 years. Adopting the CIRCLE strategy (Compact, Individual, Reduce, Carbon, Land, Efficiency), Ningxia will be able to become a region which REPI ranks in the middle in China′s western areas in 2015.