期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 5期 页码：2365~2365～2371
Keywords:ecological factors, neonates, pharynges, micro-ecology,
摘 要 ：研究新生儿呼吸道微生态学，探讨各种生态因子对新生儿咽部微生物定植的影响。确定健康新生儿呼吸道微生物菌群的组成以及新生儿咽部的优势菌种。选择37例足月生产、无任何家族遗传病及感染性疾病、发育正常的健康新生儿及其母亲，进行定位定性测定。结果：①人类呼吸系统微生态平衡的最初建立与生产方式有一定关系，剖腹产新生儿无菌，正常产30%左右的新生儿带有母亲产道的正常菌，但在出生后3~4d即完全被以链球菌属为主的咽部正常菌所替代，不会表现出任何病症；②喂养方式对有益微生物的定植不能起到决定性作用；③季节对呼吸系统微生态平衡的建立有很大影响，冬季的北方，农村以烧煤或燃柴为主要的取暖方式,室温不稳定,空气污染严重;城市集中供暖，室温稳定，但相对湿度不够，致病菌和条件致病菌在鼻咽部生存,免疫力稍有下降就会导致呼吸道疾病的发生,这也是冬春季北方新生儿生存率低于夏秋季的原因所在.④游泳对有益微生物的建群有帮助，但无决定性作用；⑤胎膜早破组新生儿咽部微生物检出率高于正常对照组,而且检出菌的种类多,条件致病菌比例高,这势必给新生儿的呼吸道感染提供了条件。新生儿呼吸系统微生态平衡的最初建立是诸多生态因子的综合作用，其中生产方式、喂养方式、游泳对微生物的建群影响不大，而季节和胎膜早破影响较大。
Abstract:To study micro-ecology of respiratory tract among the newborn to investigate effects of different ecological factors on planting of microorganisms at the pharynx of the newborn, and to determinate composition of healthy newborn respiratory tract microorganism bacteria and the superior microorganisms in the pharynx of the newborn. 37 healthy newborn cases with normal growth and their mothers were selected, who had not any family hereditary disease or infectious diseases, and received localization qualitative determination. ①the initial establishment of micro-ecological balance of human respiratory system has certain relations with the delivery method. The Newborn of caesarean birth is asepsis. About 30% newborn carry normal microorganisms from the mother vagina. 3~4 days after their birth, these microorganisms are substituted by normal microorganisms of the streptococcus, without any illness; ② the way of feeding babies doesn’t take any decisive role. In the rural areas, the indoor temperature is unstable and the air pollution is serious. Although play the decisive role in the planting of beneficial microorganisms; ③The season factors have a great influence on the establishment of micro-ecology of respiratory tract, Key Words: ecological factors, neonates; throat; micro-ecology especially in north China, the indoor temperature is stable in urban households, the humidity is low. So the newborn respiratory tract pathogenic bacteria and the condition pathogenic bacteria may survive in newborn′s nasopharynx. Low immunity of the newborns will cause the respiratory diseases. That is the reason why survival rate of the newborn in winter and spring is lower than that in the summer and autumn. ④Swimming doesn’t play a decisive role in the planting of beneficial microorganisms, but it is beneficial to the establishment of good microorganisms. ⑤Pathogenic bacteria proportion is higher in the group of newborn with premature rupture of fetal membrane than that of the normal newborns. Moreover, more pathogenic organisms were detected, which will give rise to infections of newborn′s respiratory tract. Conclusion: Many ecological factors are combined to promote the micro ecological equilibrium establishment of newborn respiratory system, among which delivery method, feeding method and swimming may not affect the microorganisms groups, but the season changes and premature rupture of fetal membrane can bring about greater influences.
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