摘 要 ：通过5年田间肥料定位试验，研究连续过量施用磷肥和有机肥在蔬菜上的产量效应，土壤积累磷在0—5, 0—10, 10—20, 20—80 cm土层的分布特点及农田积累磷的流失风险评价。结果表明，P2O5用量为180～360 kg/hm2，大白菜、伏白菜、辣椒、豆角的产量分别平均增加21.5%、39.5%、71.6%、50.0%；有机肥用量为150～300 t/hm2，4种蔬菜产量分别平均增加23.8%、26.7%、62.6%、80.0%，差异均达到显著和极显著水平。土壤Olsen-P 在蔬菜上的产量效应符合一元二次式。连续5年施用磷肥和有机肥，0—60 cm土壤各形态磷均显著积累；20—40、40—60、60—80 cm土壤Olsen-P分别相当于0—20 cm Olsen-P 的35.7%、11.8%、7.1%；0—20 cm 土壤Olsen-P分别相当于0—5、0—10 cm Olsen-P的 88.1%、84.0%。0—20 cm土壤Olsen-P与CaCl2-P、NaOH-P、灌溉滞留水中的可溶磷及农田磷流失风险势（P-index ）均呈显著正相关关系。石灰性土壤Olsen-P可作为评价农田磷生产力和环境风险评价的指标。
Abstract:
A 5-year in-situ fertilizer experiment in a rotation system of Chinese cabbage–capsicum (bean) was carried out to investigate the influences of excessive application rates of phosphorus (P) and organic fertilizers on vegetables yields, distributions of different P fractions at soil layers of 0–5, 0–10, 10–20 and 20–80 cm, and environmental risk of cumulative P in the field. The Results show that yields of Chinese cabbage, cabbage, capsicum and bean are increased by 21.5%, 39.5%, 71.6% and 50.0% under P2O5 application rates of P2O5180–360 kg /hm2, respectively, while those under manure application rates of 150~300 t/hm2 are increased by 23.8 %, 26.7 %, 62.6 % and 80.0 %, respectively, and the increased yields are all at the significant level comparing to the no fertilizer applications. The response of Chinese cabbage yield to soil Olsen-P at 0–20 cm layer can be modeled using a quadratic equation. After five-year applications of P and organic fertilizers, the contents of different P fractions are enriched at soil layer of 0–60 cm, and the Olsen-P accumulations at 20–40, 40–60 and 60–80 cm soil layers are 35.7%, 11.8% and 7.1% of that at 0–20cm soil layer, respectively. Content of Olsen-P at the 0–20 cm layer is about 88.1% and 84.0% of that at the layers of 0–5 and 0–10 cm, respectively. Soil Olsen-P at 0–20 cm layer is positively correlated to CaCl2-P, NaOH-P and soluble phosphorus in irrigating stayed water and P-index, which indicates that Olsen-P might be a useful indicator to evaluate soil P supply capacity and environmental risk of agricultural P in calcareous soil.