---

作 者 ：刘芬 同延安 王小英 赵佐平

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 1期 页码：48-55

关键词：渭北旱塬；春玉米；施肥；产量；经济效益；肥料贡献率；农学效率；

Keywords:Weibei rainfed highland, spring maize, fertilization, yield, profit, fertilizer contribution rate, agronomy efficiency,

摘 要 ：总结2006~2009年陕西省渭北旱塬测土配方施肥项目184个“3414”试验数据，从区域角度上分析当前生产条件下渭北旱塬玉米施肥效果，以及施肥量、 土壤肥力水平对玉米产量、 经济效益、 肥料利用效率等的影响，为提高渭北旱塬玉米产量和肥料高效利用提供依据。结果表明， 施用氮（N）、 磷（P2O5）、 钾 （K₂O）肥玉米分别增产2177、 1157和656 kg/hm²， 增产率为34.0%、 15.2%和7.9%，增收2901、 1517和733 Yuan/hm²，对玉米产量的贡献率分别为23.0%、 12.6%和7.0%， 农学效率分别为9.4、 10.5和9.5 kg/kg。施肥增产、 增收效果以及肥料贡献率均表现为N＞P₂O₅＞K₂O， 农学效率表现为P₂O₅＞K₂O＞N。施用氮、 磷、 钾肥均可显著提高玉米产量，但过量施用氮、 磷、 钾肥产量不再增加，且经济效益和肥料利用效率均显著降低。推荐施肥处理化肥增产、 增收效果、 对产量的贡献率以及农学效率均最高。土壤肥力对化肥肥效有显著影响，施肥于中、 低肥力土壤既能实现养分高效利用又能获得较大经济效益。与20世纪80年代相比，当前氮肥肥效明显降低，磷、 钾肥肥效明显升高。

Abstract:The purpose of this research was to study the fertilization effect on spring maize,  and to investigate the effect of fertilizer application rate and fertility level on yield,  profit,  fertilizer contribution rate(FCR) and agronomy efficiency(AE) in Weibei rainfed highland under present conditions based on 184 “3414” field experiments conducted during 2006 to 2009. The results indicate that the yields of spring maize are increased by 2177,  1157 and 656 kg/ha respectively by applying nitrogen(N),  phosphorus(P₂O₅) and potassium(K2O) fertilizers and the yield increase rates are 34.0%,  15.2% and 7.9% respectively. The average profits are increased by 2901,  1517 and 733 Yuan/ha,  corresponding to 23.0%,  12.6% and 7.0% of FCRs,  and 9.4,  10.5 and 9.5 kg/kg of AEs respectively. The increased yields,  profits and contribution rates of fertilizers are in order  N＞P₂O₅＞K₂O,  and the AEs of fertilizers are P₂O₅＞K₂O＞N. The yield could be improved significantly by fertilization. Compared with rational fertilization,  excessive fertilization does not increase the yield significantly,  but decreases the profit and fertilizer use efficiency. In medium and low fertility soils,  fertilization means high fertilizer use efficiency and high profit. Compared with 1980s,  the use efficiency of N is decreased,  and those of P₂O₅ and K₂O are increased.

---