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作 者 ：祝丽香, 王建华, 毕建杰, 关昕, 李金莉, 贾士军

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 4期 页码：992-997

关键词：杭白菊；氮；磷；钾；积累；转运；

Keywords:Chrysanthemum morifolium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, accumulation, transformation,

摘 要 ：通过田间小区试验，研究不同施氮量对杭白菊养分积累、转运及产量的影响，以确定杭白菊最佳氮肥用量。试验设5个处理，氮素用量分别为0、 90 kg/hm²、120 kg/hm²、150 kg/hm²、180 kg/hm²，以N₀、N₁、N₂、N₃、N₄表示，5次重复。结果表明，不同氮素用量影响杭白菊不同时期干物质和养分的阶段积累量，但不影响其积累趋势，整个生育期内杭白菊氮、磷、钾积累量为钾＞氮＞磷。不同施氮量影响茎叶氮、磷、钾的转移效率和在不同器官中的分配比率，以不施肥处理最高，N₃（150 kg/hm²）次之。在氮、磷、钾三种元素中，转运效率磷＞氮＞钾。收获期氮、磷、钾在不同器官的分配比率不同，氮素、钾素分配比率为茎＞花＞叶＞根，磷素分配比率为茎＞花＞根＞叶。各处理杭白菊花的产量在1746.23～2211.3 kg/hm²之间，以N₃（150 kg/hm²）处理产量最高。在本实验条件下，杭白菊的推荐施氮量为150 kg/hm²。

Abstract:Aimed to determine the optimal N application rate, a series of field trials were carried out to investigate the effects of different N application rates on the yields, nutrient distribution and nutrient transformation in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Five N application levels: 0 kg/ha(N₀), 90 kg/ha(N₁), 120 kg/ha(N₂), 150 kg/ha(N₃)and 180 kg/ha(N₄)were set up with five replications. The area of each plot was 0.8 m×15 m. The results indicated that different N application rates significantly affected dry matter and nutrition accumulations at different growth stages, but did not affect the tendency of accumulation. The order of the accumulation of N, P and K throughout the whole growth period was: K＞N＞P. N application rates affected transfer efficiency and distribution ratio of N, P and K in different organs. The highest transfer efficiency and distribution rate was found in N₀ followed by N₃. The order of transfer efficiency of N, P and K was: P＞N＞K. At the deflowering stage, the distribution rates of N and P was: stem＞flower＞leaf＞root, but the distribution of K was: stem＞flower＞root＞leaf. The yield was ranged from 1746.23 kg/ha to 2211.3 kg/ha, the highest yield was found in N₃(150 kg/ha). Under this experimental conditions, the recommended N application for Chrysanthemum morifolium was 150 kg/ha.

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