作 者 ：井大炜 邢尚军
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 2期 页码：455-461
关键词：鸡粪有机肥；杨树；土壤酶活性；土壤微生物量碳；土壤微生物量氮；
Keywords:chicken manure, poplar, soil enzyme activity, soil microbial biomass C, soil microbial biomass N,
摘 要 ：为比较鸡粪有机肥与化肥以不同比例配施对杨树苗根际土壤环境的作用效果，通过盆栽试验，研究了N100（尿素提供100%的氮）、 M10N90（鸡粪和尿素分别提供10%和90%的氮)、 M30N70（鸡粪和尿素分别提供30%和70%的氮）和M50N50（鸡粪和尿素各提供50%的氮）等处理对一年生杨树苗根际土壤酶活性、 微生物量碳（SMBC）和微生物量氮（SMBN）的影响。结果表明， 同N100处理相比，M30N70处理的杨树苗根际土壤脲酶、 碱性磷酸酶、 过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性分别提高14.41%~26.49%、 13.87%~27.93%、 12.07%~27.08%和29.17%~46.43%； 根际SMBC、 SMBN含量分别提高63.00%~76.62%、 40.01%~90.38%。在杨树苗的年生长过程中，根际土壤脲酶、 碱性磷酸酶、 过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性均在施肥后120 d 最高； 而根际SMBC和SMBN含量分别在施肥后90 d和30 d达到最大值。随着杨树苗的生长发育，SMBN含量逐渐降低，而在落叶期有一定的回升。与M30N70处理相比，M10N90和M50N50处理对杨树苗根际土壤酶和微生物量碳、 氮的影响较小。综合分析认为，鸡粪有机肥与化肥以3∶7比例配施对杨树苗根际区域生态环境的改善效果最佳。
Abstract:Chicken manure is an important organic amendment that regulates the functional properties of agricultural systems. However, there is little information on the effect of chicken manure co-applied with inorganic fertilizer on the ecological environment at rhizosphere soil of poplar seedlings. Considering the benefits of chicken manure, a pot experiment was conducted to determine whether the chicken manure co-applied with inorganic fertilizer benefits the ecological environment of poplar seedlings rhizosphere soil. There are five treatments in the pot experiment, CK (neither urea nor chicken manure was applied), N100 (100% of nitrogen was provided by urea), M10N90 (10% and 90% of nitrogen was provided by chicken manure and urea, respectively), M30N70 (30% and 70% of nitrogen was provided by chicken manure and urea, respectively), and M50N50 (50% and 50% of nitrogen was provided by chicken manure and urea, respectively). The study was conducted to determine the effects of chicken manure co-applied with inorganic fertilizer on soil enzyme activities, soil microbial biomass carbon（SMBC）and soil microbial biomass nitrogen（SMBN）at rhizosphere soil of poplar seedlings. The results indicate that compared with the N100 treatment, regardless of the ratio between chicken manure and inorganic fertilizer, chicken manure could increase soil enzyme activities, SMBC and SMBN contents. The M30N70 treatment could increase the activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, catalase and invertase by 14.41%-26.49%, 13.87%-27.93%, 12.07%-27.08%, and 29.17%-46.43%, respectively and could increase the SMBC and SMBN contents by 63.00%-76.62% and 40.01%-90.38%, respectively. The maximum activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, catalase and invertase are observed on the day of 120 after fertilizers application during the experimental period, while the maximum amounts of SMBC and SMBN are observed on the day of 90 at 956.48 mg/kg and on the day of 30 at 85.39 mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, the SMBN content is decreased along with the delayed growing time of poplar seedling, but a slight increased SMBN is observed at the abscission period. Compared with the M30N70, the M10N90 and M50N50 have less effects on soil enzyme activities, SMBC and SMBN contents of one-year-old poplar seedlings. As a result, chicken manure co-applied with inorganic fertilizer, especially the M30N70 treatment, is beneficial to the ecological environment at rhizosphere soil of poplar seedlings, with the higher soil enzyme activities, soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen contents.
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