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作 者 ：杨 阳1, 2, 徐福利1*, 陈志杰3

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 5期 页码：1232-1237

关键词：日光温室；黄瓜；钾肥；光合特性；品质；

Keywords:solar greenhouse, cucumber, potassium fertilizer, photosynthetic characteristic, quality,

摘 要 ：通过温室田间试验，研究施 K₂O 0、240、480、720、960 kg/hm²等5个钾肥处理对津春3号黄瓜光合特性、产量、效益和品质的影响。结果表明，施K²O 720 kg/hm²时，黄瓜的净光合速率最高; 施 K2O 240 kg/hm²，黄瓜的叶面积和叶数最大。随着钾肥施用量增加，黄瓜的光合作用呈现先增高后降低的过程，钾肥量与黄瓜叶片净光合速率(Pn)的关系式为y=-4.160+4.5307x-0.6693x²，r=0.9470**。施钾肥能够提高叶绿素含量，钾肥量与叶绿素含量增量SPAD值关系式为y=-6.66+7.406x 8-0.97x2，r=0.9836**。施用钾肥对黄瓜的前期结瓜作用明显，前期施用钾肥，结瓜数量和产量增加显著。施用钾肥黄瓜增产14.7%53.5%; 施K₂O 720 kg/hm2时，黄瓜产量和经济效益最高。施用钾肥使黄瓜提前结果，并延长了黄瓜的结果期。施用钾肥改善黄瓜品质，在K₂O 240~720 kg/hm²范围内，随着K₂O量增加，黄瓜果实中可溶性糖含量、Vc含量逐渐增加, 硝酸盐含量降低。

Abstract:The effects of potassium fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, economic benefit and quality of cucumber(Jinchun 3)were studied in the solar greenhouse. There were five levels of potassium fertilization, K₂O 0, 240, 480, 720 and 960 kg/ha. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate is highest under the level of K₂O 720 kg/ha, while the area and number of leaves are the largest under the level of K₂O 240 kg/ha. With the increasing of potassium application rate, photosynthesis of cucumber is increased at first then decreased, and the equation between K rate and net photosynthetic rate is y=-4.160+4.5307x-0.6693x2 (r=0.9470**). The chlorophyll content is increased with the application of potassium fertilizer, and the relation model between chlorophyll ΔSPAD volume and the potassium fertilizer application rate is y=-6.66+7.406x 8-0.97x²(r=0.9836**). It is obvious that with the increasing of potassium fertilizer rate at the early stages, the yield is significantly increased from 14.7% to 53.5%. The highest yield and benefit of cucumber are under the K₂O 720 kg/ha fertilization. The fruitbearing stage of cucumber is advanced and prolonged by the fertilizer application, and the quality of cucumber is also improved. Contents of soluble sugar and vitamin C of fruits are increased under the K₂O 240-720 kg/ha fertilization, while, the nitrate contents are decreased.

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