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作 者 ：张秀芝 郭江云 王永章 刘成连 原永兵

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 2期 页码：414-420

关键词：苹果；砧木；矿质营养；叶片；果实品质；

Keywords:apple, stock, mineral nutrient, leaf, fruit quality,

摘 要 ： 砧木作为果树的重要组成部分，不仅影响树体对矿质营养元素的吸收、 运转和利用，而且对地上部树体的生长发育和果实品质形成具有重要的调控作用。本文以富士苹果为试材，研究了不同砧木与苹果叶营养元素、 果实矿质营养和品质指标间的关系。结果表明， 砧木类型影响苹果叶片对矿质元素的吸收，矮化砧苹果叶片的P、 K、 Ca和Cu含量均高于乔化砧，分别比乔化砧高20.00%、 13.50%、 9.09% 和 32.72%；但其他矿质元素含量均低于乔化砧。除Ca和B元素外，矮化砧苹果果实的N、 P、 K、 Mg、 Fe、 Mn和Cu含量均高于乔化砧，分别比乔化砧高39.46%、 46.30%、 19.13%、 9.68%、 32.41%、 18.96% 和 68.31%。与乔化砧相比，矮化砧富士苹果具有较高的单果重、 可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量，分别比乔化砧高5.53%、 5.25% 和 6.82%。相关分析表明，苹果叶片大量元素 N、 P、 K和Ca与果实部分营养元素间存在显著的相关性，其中叶片K和果实N的相关系数高达0.9001；而叶片微量元素Fe、 Mn、 Zn和B与果实矿质元素间均不存在显著的相关性。另外，富士苹果果实的Ca含量仅为叶片Ca含量的1.58％，是所测矿质元素中相对含量最低的，这可能是套袋苹果易发生“苦痘病”的原因所在。

Abstract: Rootstock types play important roles in regulating tree growth and fruit quality. In this study, the relationships between the mineral nutrition and the fruit quality were investigated using Fuji apple grafted with different rootstocks. The results showed that stock types influenced the absorption and distribution of mineral nutrients in apple leaf. The contents of P, K, Ca and Cu elements in the leaf of the dwarf stocks were higher than those in the standard stocks, and increased 20.00%，13.50%，9.09% and 32.72% respectively. However, the contents of other elements in the leaf of the dwarf stocks were lower than those in the standard stocks. Moreover, Fuji apple grafted with dwarf stock displayed higher contents of N, P, K,  Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu in the fruit excepting for element Ca and B, and increased 39.46%，46.30%，19.13%，9.68%，32.41%，18.96% and 68.31% respectively. Compared with standard stocks, the dwarf stock exhibited higher fruit weight, more accumulation of soluble solids, contents of titratable acidity with increases of 5.53%，5.25% and 6.82%, respectively. The results also indicated that the content of Ca in Fuji apple fruit was only 1.58% of Ca content in leaf, and was the lowest content among all the mineral elements determined in this study. Therefore, this phenomenon probably is the reason that bagged apple fruit leads to occur "bitter pit" to some extent.

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