---

作 者 ：彭福田;张青;姜远茂;彭勇;周鹏

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2006年 12卷 3期 页码：400-405

关键词：草莓；氮肥运筹；15N；氮肥利用率；分配；产量；

Keywords:strawberry, nitrogenapplication, (15N), absorption, distribution, yield,

摘 要 ：利用稳定性同位素¹⁵N示踪技术,研究了施肥时期与施肥量对设施盆栽草莓¹⁵N尿素吸收分配的影响。结果表明,¹⁵N尿素定植时与花前各半量追施,氮肥利用率最高,达52.5%,花前追肥利用率最低,为34.2%。不同时期施肥,植株收获时氮素在草莓各器官中的分配差异较大,定植时追肥,营养器官分配率为85%,生殖器官15%;定植时和花前各半量追肥时,营养器官分配率为72.2%,生殖器官27.8%;而花前追肥则生殖器官分配率提高到31.3%。15N的吸收分配随着生长中心而转移,生长后期生殖器官对¹⁵N的竞争力高于营养器官。增加氮肥施用量,氮肥利用率下降。田间试验表明,氮肥运筹对植株成熟叶片硝态氮浓度与SPAD值有显著影响,设施栽培草莓施N225.kg/hm²,于定植时与花前各半量施用,草莓花芽分化早,早期产量与总产量均高。

Abstract:Pot experiments were conducted to examine the effects of nitrogen application time and rate on nitrogen absorption and distribution using labeled(¹⁵N) isotope technique.The treatment applying N at fix planting and before anthesis with half dose got the highest nitrogen utilization rate equivalent to 52.5%;while the nitrogen utilization rate of the treatment applying N before anthesis with full dose was the lowest being 34.2%.The ratio of N-distribution in various organs existed significant difference when fertilizer was applied at different stages.The ratio of N-distribution of nutritive organs to genital organs was 5.7 to 1,while the ratio was 2.6 to 1 when N was top addressed with half dose at fix planting and before anthesis.Top addressing N before anthesis could increase the N distribution rate of genital organ significantly(equivalent) to 31.3%. By all appearances,the absorption and distribution of(¹⁵N) were transfused with the change of organic centre of strawberry.The competition ability of genital organs on(¹⁵N) at the later growing period was higher than nutritive organs.Field test results indicated nitrogen application influenced significantly nitrate concentration and SPAD reading of ripe leaf.Applying N with dose of 225 kg/ha by means of top addressing at fix planting and before anthesis with half dose separately could accelerate blossom buds differentiation and get the highest forepart and total yield of strawberry.

---