作 者 ：符建荣
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2001年 7卷 2期 页码：145-152
Keywords:nitrogen, controlledfertilizer, rice, Nfertilizerrecovery,
摘 要 ：田间试验在日本山形县鹤冈市进行 ,探讨了树脂包膜类控释氮肥基施与尿素、硫铵分次施肥对单季稻的增产效应 ;应用15N示踪法研究了不同施肥处理水稻的吸氮模式及肥料利用率。结果表明 ,移栽稻以尿素与控释氮肥 (LPS-100)按 1∶1混合基施产量最高 ,分别比尿素和硫铵分次施肥增产23.6%和9.2% ;直播稻以LP-100基施产量最高 ,分别增产 9.2%和4.0% ;控释肥基施 ,水稻自移栽 (或直播 )至幼穗分化期吸氮量明显高于尿素或硫铵分次施肥。15N示踪研究表明 ,最高分蘖前水稻从尿素和硫铵基肥中吸收的氮素只占基肥氮总吸收量的 33%～ 45% ,水稻从基肥中吸收氮素可延续至抽穗期 ,而从LP-100中吸氮可持续至收获期。15N示踪法测得的氮素总回收率 ,以尿素处理最高 ,硫铵和LP-100接近 ;差减法测得的氮素总回收率以LP-100为最高 ,尿素 /LPS-100、尿素、硫铵三者接近 ;基肥的氮素回收率以LP-100>硫铵 >尿素。尿素 /LPS-100和LP-100一次基施 ,氮素生理效率和农学效率明显高于尿素和硫铵 ,是高产的主要原因
Abstract:Field experiment was conducted at Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan in 1998 15N trace method was used to test the effects of polyolefin coated urea (controlled release fertilizer) as basal on rice yield, the pattern of N absorption and N recovery rate compared with urea and ammonium sulfate with split application Results indicated that: 1) For transplanting rice, the highest yield was obtained by the blend of urea and LPS-100 in the ratio of 1:1 as basal, and increased by 23.6% and 9.2% compared with urea and ammonium sulfate, respectively For the direct seeding rice the highest yield was obtained by LP-100 as basal, and increased by 9.2% and 4.0% compared with urea and ammonium sulfate, respectively Controlled release fertilizer treatments could give more effective panicles and filled grains of rice than urea and ammonium sulfate treatments 2) No significant difference was observed in total N uptake among fertilizer treatments But the N accumulation from transplanting (or seeding) to panicle initiation in plants treated with controlled fertilizer were much more than conventional fertilization, resulting in the greater number of panicles per unit area and filled grains per panicle 3) 15N labeled experiment indicated that up to maximum tiller stage N absorption of rice from basal fertilizer of urea and ammonium sulfate accounted for 33%～45% of total N absorption from basal fertilizer only N uptake from basal fertilizer lasted to heading stage in urea or ammonium sulfate plots and to harvesting stage in LP-100 plot While N uptake from topdressing applied at panicle initiation stage completed on 45 days after application 4) The total N recovery rate tested using 15N method was higher in urea plot than ammonium sulfate and LP-100, while that tested using difference method was higher in the LP-100 than other treatments The N recovery rate of basal fertilizer was in the order of LP-100>ammonium sulfate> urea Basal application of urea/LPS-100 blend and LP-100 had higher physiological and agronomic efficiency of N than urea and ammonium sulfate, that may be the main reason for getting high yield by controlled fertilizer in the trail
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