作 者 ：易镇邪;王璞;张红芳;申丽霞;刘明;戴明宏
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2006年 12卷 3期 页码：294-300
Keywords:summer maize, yield, source-sink relationship, type of nitrogen fertilizer, N application rate,
摘 要 ：以郑单958和农大108为材料,研究了3种类型氮肥(普通尿素、包膜尿素和复合肥)不同施用量(N.0、90和180.kg/hm2)对华北平原夏玉米产量形成的源库关系的影响。主要结果如下:1)施氮使夏玉米极显著增产,增产效应以复合肥最好。两品种穗粒数随施氮量增加而增加,农大108增幅较大,千粒重因品种与氮肥类型不同表现有异;2)两品种LAI、灌浆期叶片叶绿素含量、干物质积累量均随施氮量增大而增大,复合肥与包膜尿素处理增幅较普通尿素处理大;3)茎鞘物质输出率随施氮量增大而显著降低。施氮使郑单958粒叶比显著降低,以复合肥处理降幅最大,而农大108表现不明显;4)一般情况下,LAI、灌浆期叶绿素含量与产量、穗粒数呈显著正相关,茎鞘物质输出率与产量及其构成因素呈负相关。郑单958粒叶比与产量呈显著负相关,农大108两者间关系不大。本试验条件下,与普通尿素相比,复合肥与包膜尿素更有利于源生产能力及库容的增大;在源库关系上,郑单958属增源增产型,而农大108属源库互作型。
Abstract:Source-sink relationship is a crucial problem to understand the physiological course of yield formation of crop,so does to maize.It‘s well known that source-sink relationship of maize was affected by many facts,such as cultivars,plant density and ecological conditions,and it had been classified into three types: source-limited,sink-limited and source-sink interacted.But the research related to effect of nitrogen fertilizer(NF),especially the different types of NF,on source-sink was seldom.In this study,two summer maize cultivars,Zhengdan 958(ZD958) and Nongda 108(ND108),were used as the material to study the effects of different N application rates(0,90 and 180 kg/ha) of three types of NFs,i.e.common urea(U),coated urea(CU) and compound fertilizer(CF),on source-sink relationship for yield formation of summer maize.The main results were as follows: 1) N application significantly increased the yield of summer maize,and the effect compound fertilizer was the highest.Grain number per ear of two cultivars increased along with the increment of N application rate,and the heightening value of Nongda 108 was bigger.The change of 1000grain weight showed difference according to cultivars and types of NF.2) LAI,chlorophyll content in filling stage and amount of dry matter accumulation of two cultivars increased with the increment of N application rates,and the heightening value of coated urea and compound fertilizer were bigger than that of common urea.3) Output percent of stem-sheath store matter can be used to reflect the harmonious degree between source and sink.In this study,it declined evidently with the increment of N application for two cultivars.The ratio of grain number to leaf area of Zhengdan 958 descended clearly after N application,especially application of compound fertilizer,but that of Nongda108 showed no evident trend.4) In a(general) way,positive correlation at 0.05 level existed between LAI,chlorophyll content and yield and grain number per ear (respectively,) but negative correlation existed between output percent of stem-sheath store matter and yield and its components.Negative correlation at 0.05 level existed between the ratio of grain number to leaf area and yield for Zhengdan 958, but this correlation for Nongda108 was weak.In conclusion,under conditions of this experiment,compound fertilizer and coated urea were more advantageous to heighten sink volume and source productivity than common urea,and as for type of source-sink relationship,Zhengdan 958 belonged to the source-limited and Nongda108 belonged to source-sink interacted.
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