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Environmental Interpretation of Variations on Forest Community and Understory Herbaceous in Taibai Mountain,Shaanxi,China

太白山森林群落和林下草本物种变化的环境解释



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,2016,36(4):0784-0795
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犈狀狏犻狉狅狀犿犲狀狋犪犾犐狀狋犲狉狆狉犲狋犪狋犻狅狀狅犳犞犪狉犻犪狋犻狅狀狊狅狀犉狅狉犲狊狋犆狅犿犿狌狀犻狋狔犪狀犱
犝狀犱犲狉狊狋狅狉狔犎犲狉犫犪犮犲狅狌狊犻狀犜犪犻犫犪犻犕狅狌狀狋犪犻狀,犛犺犪犪狀狓犻,犆犺犻狀犪
CHENYu,XUJinshi,ZHANGLixia,GUOYaoxin,CHAIYongfu,WANGMao,
ZHANGChenguang,YUEMing
(ColegeofLifeSciences,NorthwestUniversity,Xi’an710069,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Ourstudyaimedtodeterminetherelationshipbetweentheenvironmentfactorsandthesevaria
tionpatterns.Also,weexaminedthedifferenceofvariationpatternsbetweenforestcommunityandunder
storyherblayeronly.Thecanonicalcorrespondenceanalysis(CCA)wasusedfortestingtherelationship
between9environmentfactorsandspeciescompositiondata.Acorrelationtestwasdeterminedtherela
tionshipbetweenenvironmentfactorsandspeciesαdiversity.Redundancyanalysis(RDA)wasusedtoana
lyzetheimportanceofenvironmentfactorsonplantfunctionaltraits.WealsotestedthePearsoncorrelation
coefficientofcommunityαdiversityandfunctionaltraitsbetweenforestcommunityandunderstoryherb
layer.Wefoundthat:1)9environmentfactorshadapoorpowertoexplainthechangeofbothforestcom
munityandunderstoryherblayer.However,theaxis1ofCCAcoulddistinguishthealtituderangeofeach
plotinbothmodes.2)Alongtheelevation,theShannonWienerindexofforestcommunityatfirstin
creasedandthendecreasedwhiletheShannonWienerindexofunderstoryherblayerdecreasedmonoton
ously.3)TheShannonWienerindexofbothcommunityandherblayerwasindependencetoslopeand
woodyspecieslayercoverdegree(WCD).Theaxis1ofRDAwhichrelatedtoaltitudecouldexplain71.2%
oftotaltraitvariationforforestcommunityand54.7%forunderstoryherblayer.Thevariationpatternof
plantmaxheightvalue(Hmax)offorestcommunityandherblayerwasdifferent.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:understoryherbaceousspecies;speciescomposition;diversity;functionaltraits;canonicalcorre
spondenceanalysis(CCA);redundancyanalysis(RDA)
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Table1 Familyofmostherbspeciesnumbersamongplots
+û       $àSpeciesnumber
Ÿ+Asteraceae 30
²m+Umbeliferae 16
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ž€+Gramineae 9
™+Cyperaceae 8
´µ+Rosaceae 8
¶m+Lamiaceae 8
¡ß+Brassicaceae 6
·+Rubiaceae 6
7874ô B C,Š:xyz{|OP[|~€$^_tu”•

’3、4),™CCA 1¤Vˆ`ã¦j҅‹
/

;

§›œgì

„1、2,’1)。CCA1¤š
›œ[žŸ ¡£Àlm

’3、4),v6,›œ[
žŸ ¡Vˆ`¥¦j[ëV/

;

§›œ~O
P$}€¹$‚ƒ³´

2.3 DEghi?@o\rCJl
EjktuvwhOP}|~€$„…
†^_Žw!

v®hÒtuvw¸qPear
sonlmjk。lmjk‘{’5。
tuvwxPearsonlmjk‘’W,›
m2 \]9:st@q=>dst@eIfm
Table2 Communitydominantspeciesandthe犐犞ofdominantspeciesofherbaceouslayer
…‹¢£
Plot
›œ
Altitude/m
OPz´$
Communitydominant
species
€¹z´
Dominantspeciesofherbaceouslayer
Species 3L¿犐犞 ¨µ+Family
TBS01 1261 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 `¹?•犆犪狉犲狓犾犪狀犮犲狅犾犪狋犪 0.1627 ™+Cyperaceae
TBS02 1326 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 ‰Š犆狅狀狏犪犾犾犪狉犻犪犿犪犼犪犫狊 0.09072 ³~+Liliaceae
TBS03 1344 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 ºŒ犆犻犿犻犮犻犳狌犵犪犳狅犲狋犻犱犪 0.2367 œ+Ranunculaceae
TBS04 1420 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 ƒ‹犘犺犾狅犿犻狊狌犿犫狉狅狊犪 0.1114 ¶m+Lamiaceae
TBS05 1440 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 ‘Ë犆犪狉犲狓狊犻犱犲狉狅狊狋犻犮狋犪 0.1287 ™+Cyperaceae
TBS06 1494 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 ºŒ犆犻犿犻犮犻犳狌犵犪犳狅犲狋犻犱犪 0.2781 œ+Ranunculaceae
TBS07 1617 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 Ž犇犻狅狊犮狅狉犲犪狀犻狆狆狅狀犻犮犪 0.1466 +Dioscoreaceae
TBS08 1654 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 ƒ‹犘犺犾狅犿犻狊狌犿犫狉狅狊犪 0.0572 ¶m+Lamiaceae
TBS09 1665 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 ‰Š犆狅狀狏犪犾犾犪狉犻犪犿犪犼犪犫狊 0.1986 ³~+Liliaceae
TBS10 1751 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 Ž犇犻狅狊犮狅狉犲犪狀犻狆狆狅狀犻犮犪 0.0792 +Dioscoreaceae
TBS11 1767 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 ‘Ë犆犪狉犲狓狊犻犱犲狉狅狊狋犻犮狋犪 0.1397 ™+Cyperaceae
TBS12 1773 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 ‘Ë犆犪狉犲狓狊犻犱犲狉狅狊狋犻犮狋犪 0.3804 ™+Cyperaceae
TBS13 1950 €—犙狌犲狉犮狌狊狑狌狋犪犻狊犺犪狀犻犮犪 ’“”犈狆犻犿犲犱犻狌犿犫狉犲狏犻犮狅狉狀狌 0.2417 *›+Berberidaceae
TBS14 1968 €—犙狌犲狉犮狌狊狑狌狋犪犻狊犺犪狀犻犮犪 Ž犇犻狅狊犮狅狉犲犪狀犻狆狆狅狀犻犮犪 0.1534 +Dioscoreaceae
TBS15 1911 €—犙狌犲狉犮狌狊狑狌狋犪犻狊犺犪狀犻犮犪 ’“”犈狆犻犿犲犱犻狌犿犫狉犲狏犻犮狅狉狀狌 0.1655 *›+Berberidaceae
TBS16 2097 €—犙狌犲狉犮狌狊狑狌狋犪犻狊犺犪狀犻犮犪 4{•犆犪狉犲狓犺犪狀犮狅犮犽犻犪狀犪 0.2160 ™+Cyperaceae
TBS17 2101 €—犙狌犲狉犮狌狊狑狌狋犪犻狊犺犪狀犻犮犪 ’“”犈狆犻犿犲犱犻狌犿犫狉犲狏犻犮狅狉狀狌 0.1620 *›+Berberidaceae
TBS18 2129 €—犙狌犲狉犮狌狊狑狌狋犪犻狊犺犪狀犻犮犪 4{•犆犪狉犲狓犺犪狀犮狅犮犽犻犪狀犪 0.3895 ™+Cyperaceae
TBS19 2277 ‚犅犲狋狌犾犪犪犾犫狅狊犻狀犲狀狊犻狊 §"º»¼犃狇狌犻犾犲犵犻犪狔犪犫犲犪狀犪 0.0734 œ+Ranunculaceae
TBS20 2265 ;§½犛犪犾犻狓犮犪狋犺犪狔犪狀犪 ¾犕犻犾犻狌犿犲犳犳狌狊狌犿 0.2856 ž€+Gramineae
TBS21 2255 ;§½犛犪犾犻狓犮犪狋犺犪狔犪狀犪 ¿Àâ犃狉狋犲犿犻狊犻犪犱狌犫犻犪 0.2534 Ÿ+Asteraceae
TBS22 2452 ‚犅犲狋狌犾犪犪犾犫狅狊犻狀犲狀狊犻狊 ÁÂÃ犚狅犱犵犲狉狊犻犪犪犲狊犮狌犾犻犳狅犾犻犪 0.3116
ÄÅ+Saxifragace
ae
TBS23 2415 xy†‡犚犺狅犱狅犱犲狀犱狉狅狀狆狌狉犱狅犿犻犻 4{•犆犪狉犲狓犺犪狀犮狅犮犽犻犪狀犪 0.2975 ™+Cyperaceae
TBS24 2477 ÆÇ犆狅狉狔犾狌狊犳犲狉狅狓 4{•犆犪狉犲狓犺犪狀犮狅犮犽犻犪狀犪 0.3247 ™+Cyperaceae
TBS25 2503 xy†‡犚犺狅犱狅犱犲狀犱狉狅狀狆狌狉犱狅犿犻犻 4{•犆犪狉犲狓犺犪狀犮狅犮犽犻犪狀犪 0.4210 ™+Cyperaceae
TBS26 2528 ‚犅犲狋狌犾犪犪犾犫狅狊犻狀犲狀狊犻狊 4{•犆犪狉犲狓犺犪狀犮狅犮犽犻犪狀犪 0.4513 ™+Cyperaceae
TBS27 2559 ‚犅犲狋狌犾犪犪犾犫狅狊犻狀犲狀狊犻狊 4{•犆犪狉犲狓犺犪狀犮狅犮犽犻犪狀犪 0.4239 ™+Cyperaceae
TBS28 2770 ‚犅犲狋狌犾犪犪犾犫狅狊犻狀犲狀狊犻狊
¦œØõ 犎犲狉犪犮犾犲狌犿犿狅犲犾犾犲狀犱狅狉
犳犳犻犻
0.1356 ²m+Umbeliferae
TBS29 2800 ƒþ‚犅犲狋狌犾犪狌狋犻犾犻狊 ÈÉÊ犉狉犪犵犪狉犻犪犵狉犪犮犻犾犻狊 0.1888 ´µ+Rosaceae
TBS30 2804 ƒþ‚犅犲狋狌犾犪狌狋犻犾犻狊 Ë&Û犆狅狉狋狌狊犪犿犪狋狋犺犻狅犾犻 0.1197 &Ûß+Primulaceae
TBS31 1113 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 ˆ犃狉狋犺狉犪狓狅狀犺犻狊狆犻犱狌狊 0.1704 ž€+Gramineae
TBS32 1130 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 ˆ犃狉狋犺狉犪狓狅狀犺犻狊狆犻犱狌狊 0.1554 ž€+Gramineae
TBS33 1147 }~犙狌犲狉犮狌狊犪犾犻犲狀犪var.犪犮狌狋犻狊犲狉狉犪狋犪 *̼犞犻犮犻犪犺犻狉狊狌狋犪 0.2939 Í+Leguminosae
TBS34 3191 xy…犔犪狉犻狓犮犺犻狀犲狀狊犻狊 `¹?•犆犪狉犲狓犾犪狀犮犲狅犾犪狋犪 0.3629 ™+Cyperaceae
TBS35 3200 xy…犔犪狉犻狓犮犺犻狀犲狀狊犻狊
&~–—ß犎犲狋犲狉狅狆犪狆狆狌狊犮狉犲狀犪狋
犻犳狅犾犻狌狊
0.0664 Ÿ+Asteraceae
TBS36 3163 xy…犔犪狉犻狓犮犺犻狀犲狀狊犻狊 Î犔犻狋犺狅狊狆犲狉犿狌犿犲狉狔狋犺狉狅狉犺犻狕狅狀 0.1304 Î+Boraginaceae
TBS37 3053 „zÀ…犃犫犻犲狊犳犪狉犵犲狊犻犻 Ï{ÏŸ犚犺狅犱犻狅犾犪犽犻狉犻犾狅狑犻犻 0.1431 ϟ+Crassulaceae
TBS38 3000 „zÀ…犃犫犻犲狊犳犪狉犵犲狊犻犻
&~–—ß犎犲狋犲狉狅狆犪狆狆狌狊犮狉犲狀犪狋
犻犳狅犾犻狌狊
0.1440 Ÿ+Asteraceae
TBS39 2948 „zÀ…犃犫犻犲狊犳犪狉犵犲狊犻犻 Ðѕ犆犪狉犲狓犳犻犾犪犿犲狀狋狅狊犪 0.2244 ™+Cyperaceae
TBS40 3511 ¥ß†‡犚犺狅犱狅犱犲狀犱狉狅狀犮犪狆犻狋犪狋狌犿 ž{Ò犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪犵狉犪犿犻狀犻犳狅犾犻犪 0.4000 ™+Cyperaceae
TBS41 3420 ¥ß†‡犚犺狅犱狅犱犲狀犱狉狅狀犮犪狆犻狋犪狋狌犿 Ð{•犆犪狉犲狓犮犪狆犻犾犾犻犳狅狉犿犻狊 0.2470 ™+Cyperaceae
887 ! " # $ % & 36t
œšžŸ ¡

ž+PŸ¡

žOQPŸ¡

žúORŸ¡»ÓÆjÔlmmÛ

šžpH
»ÆjÔlmmÛ

¦“›œª«¼Î¥ Îtu
rsKLvé

ÝEÅfŽÞžvw?_
†2

v6ÐC՘

›œª«¼Î¥žvw^_
šv

ÖBÐCwpq›œš$„…†xm
Û

EÅfhOP¨©$[€¹$α„…
†

CShannonWienereàX’)š·—、¸ €¹º
—¸Pearsonjk>¼,OPα„…†[€¹#
$α„…†š·—、¸ €¹º—´»WÆlmmÛ
m3 9:u?@vwxyOz(CCA){|q}~€‚ƒ„
Table3 Resultsbycanonicalcorrespondenceanalysis(CCA)ordinationandMonteCarlopermutationtestincommunity
^¡       
Variable       
šfg¤lm†
CorrelationwithCCAordinationaxes
²1¤
Axis1
²2¤
Axis2
²3¤
Axis3
²4¤
Axis4
×ðØÙ­Ú_6
MonteCarlopermutationtest
犉¿
犉value
犘¿
犘value
›œ Altitude 0.9202 0.3247 0.1513 0.0124 2.54 0.001
žpH¿pH2 0.314 0.5603 -0.1423 0.0356 1 0.478
žŸ ¡SWC2 0.9765 -0.0965 -0.0889 -0.0654 3.7 0.001
žQQP NN2 -0.1822 0.5679 0.2378 -0.0177 1.03 0.419
žOQP AN2 0.6255 -0.4857 -0.0081 0.4223 0.99 0.513
ž+P TN2 0.6788 -0.3289 0.0062 0.5043 1.61 0.006
žúOR RAP2 0.6159 -0.2296 -0.2348 0.0564 1.17 0.148
·—Slope -0.2807 -0.0962 0.7162 -0.2749 2.1 0.001
¸€¹º— WCD -0.2432 0.0978 -0.7965 0.0145 1.64 0.007
ð®¿Eigenvalue 0.879 0.616 0.539 0.326
$tulm† Correlationsofspe
ciesenvironment
0.991 0.952 0.911 0.884
h$à$”•|Û³jØ Percent
ageexplainableofspeciesdata
8.9 15.1 20.6 23.9
htu$m۔•|Û³jØ Cu
mulativeproportionofspeciesenviron
mentrelationships
25.7 43.6 59.4 68.9
  Ü:犘<0.01;0.01<犘<0.05;’;žvw´˜10~20cm²µ¹žef¿;~s。
Note:Inthetable,thevalueofsoilmeansthesecondlayersoilwhichtookfrom10-20cmdepthsoil;Thesameasbelow.
m4 =>d?@vwxyOz(CCA){|q}~€‚ƒ„
Table4 Resultsbycanonicalcorrespondenceanalysis(CCA)ordinationandMonteCarlopermutationtestinherblayer
^¡       
Variable       
šfg¤lm†
CorrelationwithCCAOrdinationAxes
²1¤
Axis1
²2¤
Axis2
²3¤
Axis3
²4¤
Axis4
×ðØÙ­Ú_6
Montecarlopermutationtest
犉¿
犉value
犘¿
犘value
›œ Altitude 0.8449 0.5015 0.1225 0.0458 2.09 0.001
žpH¿pH2 0.2099 0.561 -0.1297 -0.2273 0.93 0.634
žŸ ¡SWC2 0.9754 0.1014 -0.0831 -0.1131 2.95 0.001
žQQP NN2 -0.3002 0.5882 0.258 0.0069 0.99 0.495
žOQP AN2 0.7037 -0.3564 -0.1452 0.4503 0.94 0.595
ž+P TN2 0.7401 -0.1694 -0.1578 0.5474 1.63 0.002
žúOR RAP2 0.5903 -0.1141 -0.2924 -0.0964 1.23 0.103
·—Slope -0.2431 -0.145 0.6859 0.1624 1.44 0.021
¸€¹º— WCD -0.2658 0.0476 -0.8182 0.0604 1.92 0.001
ð®¿Eigenvalue 0.859 0.626 0.604 0.425
$tulm† Correlationsofspe
ciesenvironment
0.987 0.975 0.935 0.922
h$à$”•|Û³jØ
(%)Per
centageexplainableofspeciesdata
7.2 12.5 17.5 21.1
htu$m۔•|Û³jØ(%)
Cumulativeproportionofspeciesenvi
ronmentrelationships
22.5 39 54.8 66
9874ô B C,Š:xyz{|OP[|~€$^_tu”•

\$„…†·— Pearson= -0.115,犘=
0.473;\ $  „ … †¸ € ¹ º — Pearson=
-0.001,犘=0.995;€¹$„…†·—Pear
son=0.265,犘=0.094;€¹$„…†¸€¹
  ¨ÝÞfjp˜Ò^¡ECCA¤1[¤2="j,1~41˜
…‹¢£

Òtu^¡
:Alt˜›œ,Slope˜·—,WCD˜¸€¹
º—
,pH2˜²2¹žßà—,SWC2˜²2¹žŸ ¡,AN
2˜²2¹žOQPŸ¡,NN2˜²2¹žQQPŸ¡,TN2
˜²2¹ž+PŸ¡,RAP2˜²2¹žúORŸ¡;„2s。
„1 rstuvwšOP$‚ƒCCA`a„
AbscissarepresentsCCA1axisandordinaterepresentsCCA2
axis,thenumberoftheaxisisthescore.Number1-41representthe
plot1-41.Altequalsaltitude,Slopeequalsslopeofeveryplot,WCD
equalsthecoverofwoodyplantlayer,pH2equalsthesecondlayer
soil'spHvalue,SWC2equalsthesecondlayersoil'swatercontent,
AN2equalsthesecondlayersoil'sammoniumnitrogencontent,NN
2equalsthesecondlayersoil'snitratenitrogencontent,TN2equals
thesecondlayersoil'stotalnitrogencontentandRAP2equalsthe
secondlayersoil'srapidlyavailablephosphoruscontent;Thesameas
Fig.2.
Fig.1 ThegraphofCCAwithvariablesandplots
incommunity
º—Pearson=0.137,犘=0.394),v6€8Iwh
›œ­—=OP¨©$}€¹$„…†E
‚jk

‘{„3、4。
¦„3Э,0ŸOP¨©$OPShan
nonWienereàš›œmÛ»D•ÃÄ,,¹›
œº/

OPα„…†»¼®º/±²§Ã
Ä

ÃÁ/4î¼E›œ2200mIJ。|~€
¹#$α„…†š›œmÛÃĚOPëí™
ornls

RKr~±>¼

|~€#$α„
…†š›œmÛäá

¹›œº/

©*!~²
³´

„4)。hOPα„…†š|~€#$α
„…†Pearsonlmjk’W,µU^_Ã
č m ^ – — ä Æ j
(Pearson=0.458,犘=
0.003)。
$ßà—ϼJ$„…†Å—¡

҅
‹OP$ßà—

€¹$ßà—}€¹
$ßà—Õ؍Ü)‘ ’6¨í。
„2 rstuvwš|~€$‚ƒCCA`a„
Fig.2 ThegraphofCCAwithvariablesandplots
inherblayer
m5 DEgh…Jr†‡ˆ
Table5 TheSemimatrixofcorrelationsamongvariables
^¡    
Variable    
›œ
Altitude
žŸ ¡
SWC2
ž+P
TN2
žOQP
AN2
žQQP
NN2
žúOR
RAP2
žpH
pH2
·—
Slope
žŸ ¡SWC2 0.895
ž+P TN2 0.470 0.576
žOQP AN2 0.456 0.582 .996
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