全 文 :书!"#$%&
,2016,36(7):1435-1442
犃犮狋犪犅狅狋.犅狅狉犲犪犾.犗犮犮犻犱犲狀狋.犛犻狀.
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:(1)ijMy`z{z|}~t kl¡¢ N
£¡¢P~t¤¥¦¤¥。(2) §klV%stuN∶Px¨,y`z{©¡ª(犘n)«kl¬m®¯
(≤258.4mg·kg-1)x°±¤¥,«4m®¯(308.4mg·kg-1)x²³´µ¤¶¨·7。(3)«kl¡¢N¸
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犈犳犳犲犮狋狊狅犳犛狅犻犾犖犻狋狉狅犵犲狀犪狀犱犘犺狅狊狆犺狅狉狌狊犛狋狅犻犮犺犻狅犿犲狋狉犻犮
犆犺犪狉犪犮狋犲狉犻狊狋犻犮狊狅狀犘犺狅狋狅狊狔狀狋犺犲狋犻犮犌犪狊犈狓犮犺犪狀犵犲犪狀犱
犆犺犾狅狉狅狆犺狔犾犉犾狌狅狉犲狊犮犲狀犮犲狅犳犠犺犲犪狋
FU Weiguo,WANGFankun,ZHAOYun,TENGBoqun,WANGYuxuan
(InstituteofAgriculturalEngineering,JiangsuUniversity,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu212013,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Toclarifytheeffectofstoichiometricofsoilavailablenitrogen(N)andphosphorus(P)onthe
photosyntheticcharacteristicofwheat,weconductedapotexperimentwith16differentNPlevelsto
examinethecharacteristicofphotosyntheticgasexchangeandfluorescenceparametersof‘Zhenmai168’in
responsetodifferentNPtreatments.Ourresultsshowedthat:(1)Thechlorophylcontentofthewheat
leavesincreasedwithanincreaseofsoilavailableNandP.(2)Photosynthesis(犘n)exhibitedacontinu
ouslyincreasingtrendwithdeclineofsoilN/PratioundertheconditionthatsoilavailableNwaslessthan
258.4mg·kg-1.Incontrast,photosynthesis(犘n)firstlyshowedanincreasingtrendandthendecreased
underhigherNlevelwith308.4mg·kg-1.(3)犉0,犉m,狇PandΦPSⅡvaluesofwheatincreased7.27%-
20.00%,5.28%-16.15%,6.64%-20.92% and6.95%-18.82%,respectively,and犖犘犙value
decreased7.42%-25.63%underdeclineofsoilN/PtreatmentswiththesamelevelofavailableN.Our
resultssuggestedthatbothof犘nandΦPSⅡofZhenmai168reachedthehighestlevelandshowedstronglight
energyuseefficiencyunderhigherNPlevelconditionwith2.88valueofN∶Pratio.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:ecologicalstoichiometry;photosyntheticphysiology;chlorophyl;nitrogenandphosphorus;wheat
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(0~25cm),kl~G11.2g·
kg-1、¡¢m108.4mg·kg-1、¡¢n29.6mg·
kg-1,pH8.14。Ïͬ=,kl¶,ð
5mmRd。
1.2 bcd:
efklAa
(
AN0P0),dðy
ek¬{¥NH4NO3 NaH2(PO4)·2H2O
,
àkl¡¢N¡¢PpÇÈ9p(Å
A N0P1、N0P2、N0P3、N1P0、N1P1、N1P2、
N1P3、N2P0、N2P1、N2P2、N2P3、N3P0、N3P1、N3P2、
N3P3),16hvw。vwklN、PV%st
1。HZ[93hX,hX3e。
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l1 mnbc45N犖、犘oph犖、犘89:;<=
Table1 N,PlevelsandN,Pstoichiometriccharacteristics
insoilwithdifferenttreatments
klN、P®¯
SoilN,Plevel
kl¡¢N
Soilavail.N
/(mg·kg-1)
kl¡¢P
Soilavail.P
/(mg·kg-1)
klN∶P
SoilN∶P
N0P0 108.4 29.6 3.66
N0P1 108.4 49.6 2.19
N0P2 108.4 69.6 1.56
N0P3 108.4 89.6 1.21
N1P0 208.4 29.6 7.04
N1P1 208.4 49.6 4.20
N1P2 208.4 69.6 2.99
N1P3 208.4 89.6 2.33
N2P0 258.4 29.6 8.73
N2P1 258.4 49.6 5.21
N2P2 258.4 69.6 3.71
N2P3 258.4 89.6 2.88
N3P0 308.4 29.6 10.42
N3P1 308.4 49.6 6.22
N3P2 308.4 69.6 4.43
N3P3 308.4 89.6 3.44
6341 ! " # $ % & 36±
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´µîdqr¶
(LiCor6400,Lincoln,
USA),)2015Ù4 24¡(«¬)m·9:30~
10:00^¸/¹®zqr©¡ª(犘n,μmol·
m-2·s-1)、ºp(犌s,mol·m-2·s-1)、9l
CO2 p (犆i,μmol·mol
-1)
» ¼ ¡ ª
(犜r,
mmol·m-2·s-1)=
。
1.3.3 JKLMAGH )2015Ù4 25¡(«
¬
)
x·7:00~9:00,Ìd½z|}¶
(ImagingPAM,HeinzWalz,Effeltrich,Germany)
äsü¾z|}
qt
。
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a_y`äs30min¿vw,ï¶,ÀÁz|
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Âöa
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Ķa.Å^±Æ½q
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(measuringlight,ML)ÇÈÉ(satura
tionpulse,SP),qÊz{z|}½y犉0、½P
犉m ÀPSⅡ½PV%t7Öt犉v/犉m;ï
¶ÂÃ581μmol·m
-2·s-1V(actinic
light,AL),äsz|}ÅÍ%Ëq,
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ÏüÐz|}
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V%Ò¿狇PÂV%Ò¿犖犘犙=。
z|}ÅÍ%Ëq¶
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9g
G¢ÓÔ
(犘犃犚)A0、1、21、41、76、134、205、298、
456、581、726、9231176μmol·m
-2·s-1Ë
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oplÌÆlA20s,äs犚犔犆qr,K
¦ÊȸaÕ7Öסª犈犜犚。
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avw®¯3ýX_¯Ø¶äsÙ
ÅÚ
(Anova),M«α=0.05®¯xäsTukeyÛ
XuÊ
。
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pqy`z{¬z|}~tãä;pß«Ù
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«¬y`z{¬z|}¤t4)§¨
©ª
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áI
,
y`z{z|}~ta)klN
P´Éijgr。Ñ«y`«¬,«N0 vw
âãx
,
z{¬z|}~t §klN∶P¨Å
uP0 ¤¥¼11.82%、20.45%42.81%;«P0 v
wâãx
,
z{¬z|}~t §klN∶P¤¥
ÅuN0 ¤¥¼23.32%、24.60%41.21%。
2.2 vw45犖、犘op>?@JxABCDEF
GHNOP
K3áäÉ,«kl¡¢ N~ty)258.4
mg·kg-1Æ,k« N0、N1 N2 vw®¯x,y`
z{©¡ª
(犘n) klN∶P¨³´É¤
¥·7
;
¦åkl¡¢ N ~tA308.4mg·
kg-1Æ,k« N3 vw®¯x,ò犘n kl N∶P
¨¦³´Éµ¤¥¶¨·7
。
«kl¡¢
P®¯¸jvwx,y`z{犘n klN∶P¤
¥¦¤¥
,
æ«kl¡¢ N~tA258.4mg·
kg-1(N2)ÆÇȽ4Ø。«kl¡¢N®¯¸j
vwx
,犘n¯Ø klN∶Px¨Å¤¥¼
2.59%、6.85%8.33%;«kl¡¢P®¯¸j
vwx
,犘n¯Ø klN∶P¤¥Å¤¥¼
3.98%、13.66%10.44%。
jÆ,3ç¹,y`z{犌s犜rakl¡
¢NPvw´É¸jLV·7,«kl
¡¢N®¯¸jvwx,èé klN∶P¨
³´É°±¤¥·7
;
«kl¡¢P®¯¸j
vwx
,
èé klN∶P¤¥´Éµ¤¥¶
¨·7
,
æ«kl¡¢N~tA258.4mg·
kg-1(N2)ÆÇȽPØ(N0P1 N3P3 vw犜r ê
I
,
h
)。
«kl¡¢N®¯¸jvwx,犌s
¯Ø kl N∶Px¨Å¤¥¼16.82%、
30.84%28.97%,¦犜r ¯Ø kl N∶P
x¨Å¤¥¼9.65%、16.37%17.22%;«k
l¡¢P®¯¸jvwx,犌s ¯Ø kl N∶P
¤¥Å¤¥¼16.35%、43.27%30.77%,¦
犜r¯Ø klN∶P¤¥Å¤¥¼8.02%、
21.62%16.82%。(I,y`z{9lCO2 p
(犆i)ë6§z{¡ª,ò«ijkl¡
¢N、P®¯vwlìß«¹ºÙà(犘<0.05)。
«kl¡¢N®¯¸jvwx,犆iØ klN∶P
x¨³´É°±¤¥·7
,
ò¯ØŤ¥
¼6.09%、7.28%8.12%;¦«kl¡¢P®¯
¸jvwx
,犆iز kl N∶P¤¥³´Éµ
¨¶¤¥LV·7
,
ò¯Ø«P1 ®¯x¨
¼1.33%,¦«P2 P3 ®¯x¯ØŤ¥¼
6.47%7.96%。
73417 @AB,=:klmnV%stay`
z|}
l2 vw4567opy?@JxJKLk;z8
Table2 Thechlorophylcontentofwheatleavesunderdifferentnitrogenandphosphorusapplicationlelels
klN、P®¯
SoilN,Plevel
z{z|}~tLeafchlorophylcontent/(mg·g-1)
§¨
Jointingstage
©ª
Bootingstage
«¬
Filingstage
N0P0 2.290±0.102i 2.452±0.103h 3.125±0.101j
N0P1 2.514±0.135h 2.762±0.116g 3.497±0.104i
N0P2 2.545±0.134gh 2.858±0.109fg 3.770±0.112h
N0P3 2.725±0.126fg 3.046±0.103de 4.465±0.132cde
N1P0 2.742±0.108ef 2.835±0.131fg 3.861±0.128gh
N1P1 2.825±0.112cd 2.941±0.105ef 4.067±0.122fg
N1P2 2.919±0.123bc 3.139±0.118cde 4.247±0.142ef
N1P3 3.046±0.113bc 3.240±0.124bc 4.540±0.152cd
N2P0 2.688±0.108fg 2.852±0.101fg 3.797±0.133h
N2P1 2.786±0.129de 2.929±0.122ef 4.273±0.142ef
N2P2 2.929±0.138bc 3.202±0.137bc 4.343±0.105de
N2P3 3.131±0.131ab 3.276±0.126bc 4.666±0.149bc
N3P0 2.664±0.142fg 3.092±0.109cd 4.423±0.123cde
N3P1 2.756±0.124ef 3.179±0.147cd 4.647±0.162bc
N3P2 3.095±0.116ab 3.413±0.127b 4.786±0.158ab
N3P3 3.277±0.143a 3.649±0.133a 4.971±0.161a
í
:
j¾ijîïvwl«0.05®¯ß«¹ºÙà,xj
Note:Thedifferentnormallettersinthesamecolumnindicatedsignificantdifferenceamongtreatmentsat0.05level.Thesameasbelow
l3 vw4567opyABCDEFGH
Table3 Photosyntheticgasparametersofdifferentnitrogenandphosphorusapplicationlevels
klN、P®¯
SoilN,Plevel
klN∶P
SoilN∶P
©¡ª
犘n/(μmol·m-2·s-1)
ºp
犌s/(mol·m-2·s-1)
»¼¡ª
犜r/(mmol·m-2·s-1)
9lCO2p
犆i/(μmol·mol-1)
N0P0 3.66 12.5±0.02i 0.22±0.02k 3.46±0.20o 138±10.2i
N0P1 2.19 13.3±0.74h 0.26±0.04i 4.01±0.21i 155±11.2ef
N0P2 1.56 13.3±0.09h 0.28±0.05h 3.84±0.52l 152±10.5fg
N0P3 1.21 13.6±0.39f 0.28±0.02h 3.91±0.28k 158±12.8de
N1P0 7.04 13.5±0.28g 0.25±0.03j 3.77±0.04n 142±13.4h
N1P1 4.20 13.6±0.05f 0.29±0.03g 3.80±0.47m 144±10.7h
N1P2 2.99 13.6±0.84f 0.32±0.03f 4.22±0.41g 149±14.1g
N1P3 2.33 14.1±0.12e 0.35±0.04d 4.65±0.41d 160±12.1cd
N2P0 8.73 14.4±0.47d 0.32±0.01f 3.93±0.34j 149±12.4g
N2P1 5.21 14.4±0.10d 0.36±0.07c 4.65±0.15d 165±11.5ab
N2P2 3.71 15.4±0.11b 0.40±0.04b 4.90±0.25b 165±13.5ab
N2P3 2.88 15.7±0.87a 0.41±0.03a 5.03±0.19a 163±11.9bc
N3P0 10.42 13.6±0.25f 0.28±0.03h 4.17±0.12h 162±12.2bc
N3P1 6.22 14.1±0.06e 0.34±0.01e 4.35±0.38f 163±13.8bc
N3P2 4.43 15.4±0.46b 0.40±0.03b 4.88±0.42c 168±14.2a
N3P3 3.44 15.1±0.31c 0.34±0.02e 4.38±0.70e 158±10.7de
8341 ! " # $ % & 36±
2.3 vw45犖、犘op>?@JxJKLMAG
HNOP
4¹,«kl¡¢ N®¯¸jvwx,z
{犉0 Ø犉m Ø kl N∶P¨³´É°±
¤¥·7
;
«kl¡¢P®¯¸jvwx,z{犉0
klN∶P¤¥³´Éµ¤¥¶·)¯ÕL
V·7
,
¦z{犉m klN∶P¤¥³´µ¤¥
¶¨LV·7
,
æ«kl¡¢ N ~tA
258.4mg·kg-1(N2)vwÆÇȽP。«kl¡
¢N®¯¸jvwx,z{犉0 ¯Ø klN∶P
¨Å¤¥¼7.27%、14.55%20.00%,犉m
¯ØŤ¥¼5.28%、9.94%16.15%;«k
l¡¢P®¯¸jvwx,z{犉0 ¯Ø kl
N∶P ¤¥Å¤¥¼ 15.09%、22.64%
20.75%,犉m ¯ØŤ¥¼7.35%、24.28%
12.14%。«N0 vw®¯x,z{犉v/犉m klN∶
P¨³´Éµ¤¥¶¨LV·7,«N1
N2 vw®¯x² kl N∶P¤¥³´É¨
LV·7
,
¦«N3 vw®¯x klN∶P¤
¥³´É¤¥LV·7
。
«P0 P1 vw®¯
x
,
z{犉v/犉m klN∶P¤¥³´Éµ¤
¥¶¨LV·7
,
¦«P2 P3 vw®¯x,z
{犉v/犉m klN∶P¤¥³´Éµ¨¶¤
¥LV·7
。
æ«kl¡¢N~tA258.4mg·
kg-1(N2)vwÆÇȽP。«kl¡¢N®¯¸
jvwx
,
z{犉v/犉m ¯Ø klN∶P¨
Ť¥¼0.18%、0.70%0.67%;«kl¡¢P
®¯¸jvwx
,
z{犉v/犉m ¯Ø klN∶P
¤¥Å¤¥¼1.70%、3.13%1.33%。
jÆ
,
Ä4çáð,«kl¡¢ N®¯¸j
vwx
,
y`z{狇PΦPSⅡ kl N∶P¨
³´É°±¤¥LV·7
;
¦y`z{ 犖犘犙
² kl N∶P¨³´É°±*ñLV·
7
。
«kl¡¢P®¯¸jvwx,y`z{狇P
ΦPSⅡ klN∶P¤¥³´Éµ¤¥¶¨
LV·7
,
æ«kl¡¢N~tA258.4mg·
kg-1(N2)vwÆÇȽP;¦y`z{犖犘犙²
kl N∶P¤¥³´Éµ¨¶¤¥LV·
7
,
æ«kl¡¢ N ~tA258.4mg·kg-1
(N2)vwƽy。«kl¡¢N®¯¸jvwx,
y`z{狇P¯Ø kl N∶P¨Å¤¥
¼6.64%、10.41%20.92%,ΦPSⅡ¯ØŤ
¥¼6.95%、9.07%18.82%,犖犘犙¯Ø²Å
¨¼7.42%、11.69%25.63%;«kl¡¢
P®¯¸jvwx,狇P¯Ø klN∶P¤¥
Ť¥¼12.49%、25.40%13.65%,ΦPSⅡ¯
ØŤ¥¼9.33%、31.38%14.07%,犖犘犙¯
زŨ¼16.53%、32.76%20.95%。
l4 vw4567opy?@JxJKLMAGH
Table4 Thephotosyntheticfluorescenceparametersofdifferentnitrogenandphosphorusapplicationlevels
klN、P®¯
SoilN,Plevel
klN∶P
SoilN∶P
½y
犉0
½P
犉m
½PV%Öt
犉v/犉m
V%Ò¿
狇P
ÂV%Ò¿
犖犘犙
ZÁV%Öt
ΦPSⅡ
N0P0 3.66 0.011±0.0005f 0.065±0.007l 0.782±0.007i 0.424±0.04i 0.659±0.02a 0.287±0.06i
N0P1 2.19 0.012±0.0011e 0.075±0.007k 0.801±0.009h 0.525±0.01h 0.647±0.04a 0.295±0.04h
N0P2 1.56 0.014±0.0006d 0.082±0.001h 0.826±0.002cd 0.561±0.06g 0.647±0.05a 0.314±0.06g
N0P3 1.21 0.016±0.0007b 0.091±0.005d 0.823±0.009de 0.651±0.01c 0.443±0.06efg 0.369±0.04d
N1P0 7.04 0.014±0.0002d 0.081±0.002i 0.828±0.003c 0.588±0.01ef 0.557±0.04b 0.335±0.04f
N1P1 4.20 0.015±0.0006c 0.082±0.005h 0.821±0.006ef 0.588±0.04ef 0.518±0.07c 0.336±0.07f
N1P2 2.99 0.016±0.0003b 0.086±0.002g 0.819±0.003ef 0.604±0.07de 0.482±0.05d 0.341±0.05e
N1P3 2.33 0.016±0.0008b 0.087±0.004f 0.819±0.004f 0.651±0.06c 0.443±0.01efg 0.371±0.05d
N2P0 8.73 0.015±0.0004c 0.097±0.004b 0.844±0.006a 0.643±0.07c 0.443±0.07efg 0.381±0.05c
N2P1 5.21 0.016±0.0010b 0.096±0.003c 0.837±0.007b 0.655±0.02c 0.439±0.03fg 0.415±0.03b
N2P2 3.71 0.017±0.0008a 0.098±0.007a 0.826±0.007cd 0.675±0.08b 0.388±0.04h 0.418±0.03b
N2P3 2.88 0.017±0.0005a 0.098±0.005a 0.826±0.007cd 0.737±0.02 a 0.341±0.05i 0.448±0.03a
N3P0 10.42 0.015±0.0006c 0.079±0.005j 0.815±0.004g 0.573±0.01fg 0.565±0.05b 0.320±0.04g
N3P1 6.22 0.016±0.0004b 0.086±0.004g 0.816±0.003g 0.608±0.04d 0.455±0.02e 0.369±0.04d
N3P2 4.43 0.016±0.0007b 0.088±0.004e 0.821±0.008ef 0.620±0.01d 0.447±0.03ef 0.370±0.06d
N3P3 3.44 0.017±0.0004a 0.098±0.003a 0.823±0.005de 0.655±0.04c 0.427±0.04g 0.384±0.07c
93417 @AB,=:klmnV%stay`
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,
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(
,
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,
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。
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,
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z|}
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,
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:
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·7
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l¡¢N、P~tÅA258.489.6mg·kg-1
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,
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UÌd¢ª
,
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ª½4
;
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29.6mg·kg-1Æ,z{狇P、ΦPSⅡ犈犜犚Ê,¹
(vw®¯x
‘
]`168’´ÉÊUÌd
¢ª
。
jÆ
,
z{犉v/犉m ¹,klNPÅA
108.429.6mg·kg-1vwx,‘]`168’õ¥Ñ
v)?ø8ü
。
}ÿ
,
klV%stu N∶P
A2.88Æ(N2P3 vw),‘]`168’z{©¡
ªZÁV%¢ªÅÇȽ4®¯
,
´ÉÊ
ËUÌdUÍ
。
14417 @AB,=:klmnV%stay`
z|}
G!Z
:
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