Abstract:Bryophyte fossils provide very important scientific foundation to explore plant kingdom evolution and to reconstruct the ancient climatic environment.Here,through a lot of fossil materials,combining with nowadays advanced science technology and hot issues,we get these conclusions:(1)Bryophyte originated from the equator low latitude region of early Palaeozoic Era.The differentiation between mosses and liverworts took place in Ordovician period or even earlier.The trend of bryophyte diversity is increasing in the whole picture,and it is higher in the equator low latitude region,but the diversity of mosses is obviously different from liverworts diversity in individual geological,highlights.They have different sensitivity to the paleoclimate environment.(2)Both morphological and molecular evolution of bryophyte is slow,but to mosses,liverworts evolution is relatively faster.(3)For the changes and reconstruction of paleoclimate environment,the morphological characteristics,palynology studies,ancient molecular fossil analyses,and the isotope measure of C or O,all provide important scientific bases.Based on the above issues,constructive suggestions and views to the problems of these bryophyte fossil studies were provided.