The ants‘species composition and ant fauna of Mt. Taibai were studied. A total of 43 species belonging to 18 genera and 4 sub-families were recorded. Of the four subfamilies the two subfamilies—Myrmicinae and Formicinae—had the most number of species and the species compositions of them were very different according to different slopes. Myrmicinae was the dominant group in south slopes and Formicinae was the dominant group in north slopes. Species compositions of genus in different slopes were also distinct. Myrmica, Formica and Aphaenogaster were dominant in south slopes and Myrmica was dominant in north slopes. The widely distributed species accounted for larger proportion and the oriental ones were equal to the Palearctic ones. In Formicinae the widely distributed species were dominant and the Paleartic ones were subordinant to them. In Myrmicinae, the Oriental species were dominant and the Palearctic ones were subordinant to them.
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