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作 者 ：时全昌 郑文锋

期 刊 ：林业科学 1983年 19卷 1期 页码：50-56

关键词：橄榄；

摘 要 ：油橄榄炭疽病在陕西汉中地区普遍发生。该病危害油橄榄各部器官,但只有在果实和叶片上呈现典型症状。发病严重时引起落果、落叶、枝梢枯死,树势生长衰弱。病果含油率降低30.4—42.3%。油橄榄炭疽病病原菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.[异名Glocosporium olivarum Alm.]在陕西汉中地区尚未发现有性时代。初次侵染源为病枯枝、病叶和病落果所产生的新的分生孢子。该病每年4月下旬在幼嫩叶尖端出现新病斑,5月中旬花发病,6月中下旬果实开始发病,11月上旬达发病高峰。高湿条件下有利于病害发生发展。室内外接种均能发病,潜育期2—7天。抗病性差异可能与不同品种果实表皮细胞层次及缀密度有关,爱桑(Elbasan)、米札(Mixaj)较抗病。冬春剪除油橄榄病枯枝,清除病叶和病落果,结合使用1%波尔多液和50%退菌特800倍液防治油橄榄炭疽病效果显著。

Abstract:Olive anthracnose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was prevalent in the South of Qin-ling in Shanxi. When the disease was serious, it caused 30.4—40.3% decrease in the yield of oil of olive fruits. The pathogen mainly attacks the Olive at asexual stage. The pathogenic fungi are made of 2 types:the mycelial type producing abundant mycelium and few conidia; and the conindial type producing many conidia with seta and very few mycelium. The incubation period is to be 2—7 days. The difference in disease resistance of varieties was notable. It seemed that the structure of the epidermal cells of Olive fruits was relative to the disease resistance. When the disease was prevailing, the control using 800 times 50%Tuzet or 1% Bordeaux mixture resulted in satisfaction.

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