作 者 ：徐纬英
期 刊 ：林业科学 1981年 17卷 1期 页码：78-83
关键词：橄榄；
Abstract:Numerous scientific investigations and field experiments have been carried out over the past 16 years in the introduction of olive trees from Mediterranean countries to China. Major achievements obtained including:(1) Areas adaptable for growing olive trees have been found. Field trials conducted in 16 provinces, municipalities and Autonomous regions as well as in thousands of experimental plots indicate that for the development of olive trees, the most favorable for growing are located in the south of the Chinglin Ranges, the northern slope of Da Ba Shan Mountain, western Hupeh and areas of low hills of the three Gorgies of the Yangtze River. Maximum annual yields of fruit for a single tree at 10—15 years of age average 737kg (5529.5kg/ha) in four year period. This represents a production of edible oil in the order of 1150.5kg/ha. The temperature and rainful in this region, particularly the annual distribution of precipitation and length of solar radiation comparatively suits their growth. Furthermore, there are suitable growing areas and the surrounding districts.(2) New cultivars and strains have been breeded. Plus trees (elite) such as Midxj-Jiu-Feng, Frant-oio-Feng 2, etc. have been selected from introkuced regions thus formed our own cultivars: through selection of the most superior trees from the seedlings, strains, new cultivars have been produced such as Zhong Shan24, Yun Tai(14) Cheng-gu(32) etc; and new hybrids between cultivars and species have now being tried.(3) We first worked out the culture techniques suitable to our natural conditions. In view of the climatic conditions in our subtropic region differs from that of the Mediterranean countries, Particularly the rainful distribution and lengthe of sunlight, as well as the soil conditions. The results of study revealed particular attention should be given to the drainage in raining season and soil loosening, regulation of pit and application of boron, phosphorous, calcium and manganese as fertilizers, dwarf tree forms and prunning, These culture techniques are particularly suitable to our conditions.Research also reveals not only the introducion practices would be considered from the point of view of its climatic analogy, but also not limited by it. This is because the genetic character must be remolded through scientific treatment and different culture technique should be taken according to field local conditions.
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