全 文 :!23" !6#
Vol.23 No.6
! " # $
ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
2015$ 11%
Nov. 2015
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2015.06.027
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:
¾Â^2Èh)lúîþò
,
ÎsαG±]eβ?âwl@¾,DE+vËX(yvË,CK;IZh2
Á]
,T;g{,L;g{eIZh2Á]6°vË,TL)eÈpÞù(35de70d)hw`(犘犲狀狀犻狊
犲狋狌犿狆狌狉狆狌狉犲狌犿Schumach.)2Èþòlém。ÆÇÈÉ:e[ÈpÞù,w`2Èh)úîþò|;Le
TL6Îs+h)pH (犘<0.05),Ë+g/pºeg//o(犘<0.05);T6e[ÈpÞùlFÙúîþò
Ö×ACK6y!"aê。LeTL6e[ÈpÞùlαG±]!"sHCK6eT6(犘<0.05),TeTL6
Èp70lβ?âwpº!"sHCK6(犘<0.05)。lF{,yvËXlw`st15℃Èp70d>l2
Èúîþò|
,αG±]eβ?âwl@¾d。
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:
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;
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VWXYZ
:S816.53 [\]^_:A [`aZ:10070435(2015)06131706
犈犳犳犲犮狋狊狅犳犃犱犱犻狋犻狏犲狊狅狀狋犺犲犉犲狉犿犲狀狋犪狋犻狅狀犙狌犪犾犻狋狔,α狋狅犮狅狆犺犲狉狅犾犪狀犱β犮犪狉狅狋犲狀犲
狅犳犖犪狆犻犲狉犌狉犪狊狊(犘犲狀狀犻狊犲狋狌犿狆狌狉狆狌狉犲狌犿犛犮犺狌犿犪犮犺.)犛犻犾犪犵犲
LIUQinhua1,LIXiangyu1,DINGLiang1,WULin1,ZHANGJianguo1,SHAOTao1
(1.InstituteofEnsilingandProcessingofGrass,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing,JiangsuProvince210095,
China;2.ColegeofAgriculture,SouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Guangzhou,GuangdongProvince510642,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Inordertoimprovefermentationquality,decreasethelossesofαtocopherolandβcarotene,the
effectsofadditives(noadditives,CK;otertbutyidihydroxoybenzene,T;犔犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾犾狌狊狆犾犪狀狋犪狉狌犿,L;
combinedTwithL,TL)andstoragetimes(35dand70d)onnapiergrasssilagewerestudied.Results
showedthatnapiergrasswaswelpreservedinbothstoragetimes.LandTLdecreasedpH (犘<0.05),
increasedlacticacidcontentandratiooflacticacidtoaceticacid(犘<0.05).Therewerenosignificant
differencesinfermentationparametersbetweenwelpreservedTandCKinbothstoragetimes.Thesilage
treatedwithLandTLhadlowerαtocopherolcontentthanCKandTinbothstoragetimes(犘<0.05).
ThesilagetreatedwithLhadlowerβcarotenecontentthanCKafterensilingfor35d(犘<0.05).Thesi
lagetreatedTandTLhadlowerβcarotenecontentthanCKafterensilingfor70d(犘<0.05).Inconclu
sion,afterensilingfor70dat15℃,napiergrasssilagewithoutadditivewasofgoodfermentationquality
andlittlelossesofαtocopherolandβcarotene.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Napiergrass;Fermentationquality;Additives;αtocopherol;βcarotene
CDEF
:20140821;GHEF:20141206
IJKL
:
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(1983),,QC
,,Õ§,h`q¬Ë¿AÈpDE,Email:liuqinhua@njau.edu.cn; Au
thorforcorrespondence,Email:taoshaolan@163.com
5`=lαG±]eβ?âwð`bDv
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]h£¤ÈpÞùw`
(犘犲狀狀犻狊犲狋狌犿狆狌狉狆狌狉犲狌犿
犛犮犺狌犿犪犮犺)2Èh)lúîþò、αG±]eβ?
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,
¾5`2ÈË¿ÂÃ@¢gY
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1.1 ghbc
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ÙstÍ^Ýg/l#~
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qX³Å4ª()h
`Ë¿STU
,
IZh2Á]
(TBHQ)(X
³[lG<®ÙDE
。
1.2 gh&¬
°T©¢ú¾1Ll&(t)Ï2Èì。
ù2[ÈpÞù:35de70d;vËX¾@0Í:y
vË
(CK)、vËg{(L)1×105cfu·g-1
FM、vËIZh2Á](T)2g·kg-1FM、6
°vËIZh2Á]eg{
(2g·kg-1
FM +1×105cfu·g-1FM,TL)。3[¾@¤ò
ÈpÞù4[QY,úHtо15℃lgß
Èp
。
1.3 ghef
1.3.1 Qøùú]È c_^w`«*1~2
cm,~Ë,x2R£¤vËX¾@>£4~Ë,U
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>&^&
,
¢ÀjO÷
,
úH15℃ÍÈp
35de70d>í,x£2Èúîþò、αG±]e
β?âwpº。
1.3.2 Qøûúgèk±ü&Wkd 2
Èq)«*>
,
©¢"xòu300g}þ,¤%>N
o%ò
(drymatter,DM),¤%}þª>ö1
mm%¢HNoq(crudeprotein,CP)、
~ b ] °
(watersoluble carbohydrate,
WSC)、= ~ u v (neutraldetergentfiber,
NDF)e / ~ u v (aciddetergentfiber,
ADF)。DMpº©¢65℃%&ò¤60hñ
QNo
[6],CPpº©¢E«o¦òNo[6],=~
uve/~ uv©¢ÖQVòNo
[11],WSC
pº©¢D-./òNo[6]。©¢"xò]u
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òNo
[11]。
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、
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、
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、
æƽ¾mègßZ
×
[6]。
g/{îc37℃gß2d;|c~ý{、î±
{eÜ{ÙcvwÍ30℃gß2~3d。
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>
,
©¢"xòu100g~Ël2Èh)g&
(t)÷1V=
,
Ë400mLew,4℃ªÇ18
h>ö¡,¢pH (HANNA,pH211)Noª
ÂpH I。Ùz/pº©¢^MMç9N
o
[11]。
Mçvw
:
\ôL2000^MMç9;M
ç
(RSpak KC811 ;eUi);NDM¾ 3
mmoL·L-1 l^/;N±1mL·min-1;
t60℃;[Ny,L2420¦^só[Ny;[NG&
210nm。NH3Npº©¢2]-4/1oMò
No
[9]。
ÇG67x£òAq)M¤
。
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[7]:
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dо10%lvGwC、20mLKOH (ò
º
:
Ó=1∶1),¿øvwÍ80℃130min»
¼ï]
,
ë
。
uë ï]H250mLxtð,
Ë50mLÐÀ6,Íú3min>çú,cÍB
÷ó
,
cBãN4Ï
,
H75℃1e%,
8131
!6# ﻳ¡:vËXhw`2Èúîþò、αG±]eβ?âwlém
¢1.5mLêß0y,3500rpmon>αG±
]eβ?âwªÂ。
αG±]pºeβ?âwpº©¢^M
Mç9No
[7]。
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:
\ôL2000^MM
ç9
;
Mç
,InersilODS4;NDM,90%/0+
10%ñ;N±,2mL·min-1;t,45℃;[Ny,
L2420¦^só[Ny;αG±]l[NG&,280
nm;β-?âwl[NG&,450nm。
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(GLM)»¼j%wax£(TwowayANO
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2
dX
2.1 Ûc@£Ò]XX
_^w`lDMeCPpº¶Ë¿eds,x2
¾146.86g·kg-1FW,71.99g·kg-1DMe94.42
mEq·kg-1 DM;WSCpº¾55.35g·kg-1DM;
NDFe ADFpºd^,x2¾632.60e 425.96
g·kg-1DM;r\lg/{d,׺¾3.94lgcfu
·g-1 FM;| c Ç G d |,× º Õ ö 5.0
lgcfu·g-1FM。αG±]eβ?âwpºx2¾
10.00e450.21mg·kg-1DM(È1)。
2.2 MA/¤c!jÂ、α=Ê
{β+@AB
ÈpÞùhDM,NH3N/TNeαG±]pº¶
g/{׺Ù!"ém
(犘<0.05),hpH、g/
(LA)、/(AA)、/(BA)、LA/AA、|c~ý{、
î±{
、
Ü{
、β?âwy!"ém(È2)。CK6
=
,
2È35dlNH3N/TN!"sH2È70d(犘<
0.05),iÖ×Ñy!"aê。L6=,2È35d
lAApº!"sH2È70d(犘<0.05),ýLA/AA
¶αG±]pº!"^H2È70d(犘<0.05),
iÖ×Ñy!"aê
。T6=,NH3N/TNeβ?
âwpº!"^H2È70d(犘<0.05),iÖ
×Ñy!"aê
。TL6=,2È35dlLApº!
"sH2È70d(犘<0.05),ýαG±]eβ?â
wpº!"^H2È70d(犘<0.05),ÒÖ×Ñy
!"aê
。
v1 :¤@£Ò]Xd=>Ã]
Table1 Chemicalandmicrobialcompositions
ofnapiergrassbeforeensiling
NoµItems pºContents
%ò
Drymatter/g·kg-1FW
146.86±5.06
q
Crudeprotein/g·kg-1DM
71.99±7.27
=~ uv
Neutraldetergentfiber/g·kg-1DM
632.60±27.42
/~ uv
Aciddetergentfiber/g·kg-1DM
425.96±33.78
ÿuvw
Hemicelulose/g·kg-1DM
206.63±6.55
~b]°
Watersolublecarbohydrates/g·kg-1DM
55.35±4.47
pH 5.98±0.04
Ë¿e
Buffercapacity/mEq·kg-1DM
94.42±9.56
g/{
Lacticacidbacteria/lgcfu·g-1FM
3.94±0.15
|c~ý{
Aerobicbacteria/lgcfu·g-1FM
5.61±0.21
î±{
Yeast/lgcfu·g-1FM
3.69±0.07
Ü{
Mold/lgcfu·g-1FM
4.32±0.19
αG±]
αtocopherol/mg·kg-1DM
10.00±0.02
β?âw
βcarotene/mg·kg-1DM
450.21±5.57
Ô:FW,^ Q;FM,^ ò;DM,%ò;cfu,{¸¥7ÆÌ;
mEq,òOlº
Note:FW,freshweight;FM,FreshMatter;DM,Drymatter;
cfu,Colonyformingunits;mEq,Miligramequivalent.
2.3
j/¤c!jÂ、α=Ê{
β+@AB
vËXhpH,LA,AA,NH3N/TN,LA/AA
eαG±]Ù!"ém(犘<0.05),hiÖ×y
!"ém
(
È2)。2È35d,L6e TL6lpH,
AA,NH3N/TNeαG±]pº!"sHCK6
eT 6(犘<0.05),L6e TL6l LA pºe
LA/AA!"^HCK6eT6(犘<0.05);L6l
β?âwpº!"sHT6eTL6(犘<0.05),
LeTL6pH,LA,AA,NH3N/TN、g/{、|
c~ý{
、
î±{
、
Ü{eαG±]y!"aê;T
6lαG±]pº!"sHCK6(犘<0.05),
iÖ×ñùy!"aê
。
2È70d,L6eTL6
lpH,NH3N/TNeαG±]pº!"sHCK
6eT6(犘<0.05),L6eTL6lLApºe
9131
! " # $ !23"
LA/AA^HCK6eT6(犘<0.05);L6lLA/
AA!"sHTL6(犘<0.05),ÒÖ×y!"a
ê
;T6ACK6lpH y!"aê,T6l NH3
N/TNeβ?âwpº!"sH CK 6(犘<
0.05),ÒÖ×y!"aê。
2.4 MA{
j7Mx/¤c
!jÂ
、α=Ê{β+@AB
ÈpÞùevËXlÔ¯¢hAA,NH3N/
TN,LA/AA、αG±]eβ?âwÙ!"ém(犘
<0.05),hÒÖ×y!"ém(È2)。e[È
pÞù=
,Le TL6ÎspH,AAe NH3N/
TN¶ËLAy!"aê,ýÂ^+úîþ
ò
。
pH,LA,AAeLA/AAqr,T6úîþ
ò|
。15℃Èp35d\70d,CKeT6lw`
2Èh)=αG±]eβ?âw@¾d,Le
TL6lw`2Èh)=αG±]eβ?âwl
@¾d(
。
v2
j/¤c!jÂ、α=Ê{β+@AB
Table2 Effectsofadditivesonthefermentationquality,αtocopherolandβcaroteneofnapiergrasssilage
µ
Items
%ò
Dry
matter
/g·kg-1FW
pH
g/
Lactic
acid
/
Acetic
acid
/
Butyric
acid
/g·kg-1DM
NH3N
/TN
/g·kg-1
LA/AA
g/{
Lactic
acid
bacteria
|c~
ý{
Aerobic
bacteria
î±{
Yeast
Ü{
Mold
/lgcfu·g-1FM
αG±]
αtocopherol
β?â
w
βcarotene
/mg·kg-1DM
35d
CK
160.43
±7.49a
4.12
±0.16a
33.75
±8.53c
15.52
±4.33a
ND
37.84
±0.54b
2.20
±0.37d
7.52
±0.10ab
6.65
±0.03
6.05
±0.07
<1.00
7.49
±0.91a
142.71
±14.88ab
L
162.40
±2.20a
3.65
±0.03b
60.94
±6.08ab
3.85
±0.17d
ND
15.58
±3.68d
15.86
±1.66a
7.33
±0.32b
6.67
±0.22
5.44
±0.42
<1.00
4.06
±0.89c
77.23
±16.39b
T
161.33
±14.41a
4.17
±0.13a
35.51
±7.63c
12.82
±3.16ab
ND
39.30
±6.48ab
2.79
±0.15d
7.69
±0.17ab
6.78
±0.18
5.96
±0.06
<1.00
5.67
±1.70b
223.73
±20.60a
TL
151.73
±12.60ab
3.72
±0.14b
58.52
±5.29b
5.90
±0.51cd
ND
13.48
±3.03d
10.01
±1.63b
7.34
±0.20b
6.53
±0.39
5.47
±0.95
<1.00
3.33
±0.10c
212.64
±38.46a
70d
CK
142.37
±9.11ab
4.21
±0.20a
40.37
±12.83c
12.17
±1.36ab
0.20
±0.35
47.27
±3.74a
3.27
±0.74cd
7.71
±0.31ab
6.74
±0.03
6.15
±0.07
<1.00
7.47
±1.11a
225.75
±87.78a
L
149.87
±6.34ab
3.72
±0.07b
63.90
±4.29ab
12.50
±0.30ab
ND
19.32
±7.68d
5.11
±0.32c
7.71
±0.16ab
6.77
±0.22
5.53
±0.43
<1.00
1.20
±0.18d
159.02
±64.31ab
T
159.23
±28.39ab
4.34
±0.07a
27.20
±11.68c
10.23
±1.99b
0.03
±0.06
28.90
±5.43c
2.83
±1.47d
8.00
±0.16a
6.88
±0.18
6.06
±0.05
<1.00
6.94
±1.00ab
103.55
±22.30b
TL
134.13
±6.65b
3.77
±0.11b
75.20
±5.20a
8.90
±0.66bc
ND
20.24
±2.36d
8.50
±0.96b
7.88
±0.43ab
6.63
±0.40
5.57
±0.95
<1.00 NDd
108.63
±28.78b
:;_
Standarderror
7.640 0.073 4.754 1.213 / 2.685 0.624 0.171 0.141 0.302 / 0.531 25.464
!"~
Significance
Þù
Time
NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
vËX
Additive
NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
Ô¯¢
Interaction
NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
Ô:CK,h-;T,IZh2Á];L,g{;TL,IZh2Á]eg{6°vË;NH3-N/TN,¨ H¦o¹¦I;LA/
AA,g/o/;FW,^ Q;FM,^ ò;DM,%ò;cfu,{¸¥7ÆÌ;¤Î£¤3ͱÈ6aê!",犘<0.05;,!"aê,犘<0.05;
NS,y!"aê,犘>0.05
Note:CK,Control;T,TBHQ;L,犔犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾犾狌狊狆犾犪狀狋犪狉狌犿;TL,combinedTBHQwith犔犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾犾狌狊狆犾犪狀狋犪狉狌犿;NH3-N/TN,Ratioofam
moniaNtototalnitrogen;FW,Freshweight;FM,FreshMatter;DM,Drymatter;cfu,Colonyformingunits;Diferentlowercaselettersinthesame
columnindicatesignificantdiferences,犘<0.05;,Significantdifference,犘<0.05;NS,Nosignificantdiference,犘>0.05
2.5 ¤c!jÂdα=Ê9β
+@ËSÉ
αG±]ApHeNH3N/TNx2]!"vM
=
(犘<0.05),Ag/pº]!"M=(犘<0.05),
Aî±{׺]!"vM=
(犘<0.05),ADM,AA,
BAe|c~ý{׺]vM=,ALA/AA、g/{
׺]M=
。β?âwABA,NH3N/TN]!
"vM=
(犘<0.05),ApH,AA,|c~ý{eî±
0231
!6# ﻳ¡:vËXhw`2Èúîþò、αG±]eβ?âwlém
׺]vM=
,
Ag/{׺]M=
(犘<0.05),A g/、LA/AA]M=(犘<0.05)。
W1 ¤c!jÂdα=Ê9β+@ËSÉ
Fig.1 Correlationoffermentationqualitywithαtocopherolandβcaroteneinnapiergrasssilage
Ô
:BA,/;LAB,g/{;AB,|c~ý{;Y,î±;,!"M=,犘<0.05
Note:BA,Butyricacid;LAB,Lacticacidbacteria;AB,Aerobicbacteria;Y,Yeast;,Significantcorrelation,犘<0.05
3
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