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Effects of Additives on the Fermentation Quality, α-tocopherol and β-carotene of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) Silage

添加剂对象草青贮发酵品质、α-生育酚和β-胡萝卜素的影响



全 文 :!23" !6#
 Vol.23  No.6
! " # $
ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2015$  11%
  Nov.  2015
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2015.06.027
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Á]
,T;Žg‡{,L;Žg‡{eˆI‹Zh2Á]6°vË,TL)eÈpÞù(35de70d)hw`(犘犲狀狀犻狊
犲狋狌犿狆狌狉狆狌狉犲狌犿Schumach.)2Èþòlém。ÆÇÈÉ:”e[ÈpÞù,w`2Èh)úîþòŠˆ|;Le
TL6Îs+h)pH (犘<0.05),Ë+g/pºeg//o(犘<0.05);T6”e[ÈpÞùlFÙúîþò
Ö×ACK6y!"aê。LeTL6”e[ÈpÞùlαG±]!"sHCK6eT6(犘<0.05),TeTL6
”Èp70ƒlβ?âwpº!"sHCK6(犘<0.05)。l—F{,yvËXlw`st15℃Èp70d>l2
Èúîþòˆ|
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;αG±];β?âw
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:S816.53    [\]^_:A     [`aZ:10070435(2015)06131706
犈犳犳犲犮狋狊狅犳犃犱犱犻狋犻狏犲狊狅狀狋犺犲犉犲狉犿犲狀狋犪狋犻狅狀犙狌犪犾犻狋狔,α狋狅犮狅狆犺犲狉狅犾犪狀犱β犮犪狉狅狋犲狀犲
狅犳犖犪狆犻犲狉犌狉犪狊狊(犘犲狀狀犻狊犲狋狌犿狆狌狉狆狌狉犲狌犿犛犮犺狌犿犪犮犺.)犛犻犾犪犵犲
LIUQinhua1,LIXiangyu1,DINGLiang1,WULin1,ZHANGJianguo1,SHAOTao1
(1.InstituteofEnsilingandProcessingofGrass,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing,JiangsuProvince210095,
China;2.ColegeofAgriculture,SouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Guangzhou,GuangdongProvince510642,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Inordertoimprovefermentationquality,decreasethelossesofαtocopherolandβcarotene,the
effectsofadditives(noadditives,CK;otertbutyidihydroxoybenzene,T;犔犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾犾狌狊狆犾犪狀狋犪狉狌犿,L;
combinedTwithL,TL)andstoragetimes(35dand70d)onnapiergrasssilagewerestudied.Results
showedthatnapiergrasswaswelpreservedinbothstoragetimes.LandTLdecreasedpH (犘<0.05),
increasedlacticacidcontentandratiooflacticacidtoaceticacid(犘<0.05).Therewerenosignificant
differencesinfermentationparametersbetweenwelpreservedTandCKinbothstoragetimes.Thesilage
treatedwithLandTLhadlowerαtocopherolcontentthanCKandTinbothstoragetimes(犘<0.05).
ThesilagetreatedwithLhadlowerβcarotenecontentthanCKafterensilingfor35d(犘<0.05).Thesi
lagetreatedTandTLhadlowerβcarotenecontentthanCKafterensilingfor70d(犘<0.05).Inconclu
sion,afterensilingfor70dat15℃,napiergrasssilagewithoutadditivewasofgoodfermentationquality
andlittlelossesofαtocopherolandβcarotene.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Napiergrass;Fermentationquality;Additives;αtocopherol;βcarotene
CDEF
:20140821;GHEF:20141206
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2.1 ‡ˆÛc@£Ò]XX„
_^w`lDMeCPpº¶Ë¿eds,x2
¾146.86g·kg-1FW,71.99g·kg-1DMe94.42
mEq·kg-1 DM;WSCpº¾55.35g·kg-1DM;
NDFe ADFpºd^,x2¾632.60e 425.96
g·kg-1DM;r\lg/{dœ,׺¾3.94lgcfu
·g-1 FM;| c Ç G  d |,× º Õ ö 5.0
lgcfu·g-1FM。αG±]eβ?âwpºx2¾
10.00e450.21mg·kg-1DM(È1)。
2.2 ˆMA/†¤‡ˆŽc!‰jÂ、α=ʊ
{β‹Œ+@AB
ÈpÞùhDM,NH3N/TNeαG±]pº¶
g/{׺Ù!"ém
(犘<0.05),hpH、g/
(LA)、/(AA)、‹/(BA)、LA/AA、|c~ý{、
î±{

Ü{
、β?âwy!"ém(È2)。CK6
=

2È35dlNH3N/TN!"sH2È70d(犘<
0.05),”žiÖ×Ñy!"aê。L6=,2È35d
lAApº!"sH2È70d(犘<0.05),ýLA/AA
¶αG±]pº!"^H2È70d(犘<0.05),”ž
iÖ×Ñy!"aê
。T6=,NH3N/TNeβ?
âwpº!"^H2È70d(犘<0.05),”žiÖ
×Ñy!"aê
。TL6=,2È35dlLApº!
"sH2È70d(犘<0.05),ýαG±]eβ?â
wpº!"^H2È70d(犘<0.05),žÒÖ×Ñy
!"aê

v1 ‡ˆ:†¤@£Ò]XdŠ=>Ã]
Table1 Chemicalandmicrobialcompositions
ofnapiergrassbeforeensiling
Noµ†Items pºContents
%ò
Drymatter/g·kg-1FW
146.86±5.06
q
Crudeprotein/g·kg-1DM
71.99±7.27
=~ •uv
Neutraldetergentfiber/g·kg-1DM
632.60±27.42
/~ •uv
Aciddetergentfiber/g·kg-1DM
425.96±33.78
ÿuvw
Hemicelulose/g·kg-1DM
206.63±6.55
Œ‘~bŒ]°
Watersolublecarbohydrates/g·kg-1DM
55.35±4.47
pH 5.98±0.04
Ë¿e
Buffercapacity/mEq·kg-1DM
94.42±9.56
g/{
Lacticacidbacteria/lgcfu·g-1FM
3.94±0.15
|c~ý{
Aerobicbacteria/lgcfu·g-1FM
5.61±0.21
î±{
Yeast/lgcfu·g-1FM
3.69±0.07
Ü{
Mold/lgcfu·g-1FM
4.32±0.19
αG±]
αtocopherol/mg·kg-1DM
10.00±0.02
β?âw
βcarotene/mg·kg-1DM
450.21±5.57
  Ô:FW,^ Q;FM,^ ò;DM,%ò;cfu,{¸¥7ÆÌ;
mEq,òOlº
Note:FW,freshweight;FM,FreshMatter;DM,Drymatter;
cfu,Colonyformingunits;mEq,Miligramequivalent.
2.3 „…j/†¤‡ˆŽc!‰jÂ、α=ʊ{
β‹Œ+@AB
vËXhpH,LA,AA,NH3N/TN,LA/AA
eαG±]Ù!"ém(犘<0.05),hžiÖ×y
!"ém

È2)。2È35d,L6e TL6lpH,
AA,NH3N/TNeαG±]pº!"sHCK6
eT 6(犘<0.05),L6e TL6l LA pºe
LA/AA!"^HCK6eT6(犘<0.05);L6l
β?âwpº!"sHT6eTL6(犘<0.05),
LeTL6”pH,LA,AA,NH3N/TN、g/{、|
c~ý{

î±{

Ü{eαG±]y!"aê;T
6lαG±]pº!"sHCK6(犘<0.05),ž
iÖ×ñùy!"aê

2È70d,L6eTL6
lpH,NH3N/TNeαG±]pº!"sHCK
6eT6(犘<0.05),L6eTL6lLApºe
9131
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LA/AA^HCK6eT6(犘<0.05);L6lLA/
AA!"sHTL6(犘<0.05),žÒÖ×y!"a
ê
;T6ACK6lpH y!"aê,T6l NH3
N/TNeβ?âwpº!"sH CK 6(犘<
0.05),žÒÖ×y!"aê。
2.4 ˆMA{„…j7‘Mx/†¤‡ˆŽc
!‰jÂ
、α=ʊ{β‹Œ+@AB
ÈpÞùevËXlÔ¯’¢hAA,NH3N/
TN,LA/AA、αG±]eβ?âwÙ!"ém(犘
<0.05),hžÒÖ×y!"ém(È2)。”e[È
pÞù=
,Le TL6”ÎspH,AAe NH3N/
TN¶ËLAˆ‰y!"aê,ýÂ^+úîþ
ò

ŒpH,LA,AAeLA/AAqr,T6úîþ
òˆ|
。15℃Èp35d\70d,CKeT6lw`
2Èh)=αG±]eβ?âw@¾d,Le
TL6lw`2Èh)=αG±]eβ?âwl
@¾d(

v2 „…j/†¤‡ˆŽc!‰jÂ、α=ʊ{β‹Œ+@AB
Table2 Effectsofadditivesonthefermentationquality,αtocopherolandβcaroteneofnapiergrasssilage
µ†
Items
%ò
Dry
matter
/g·kg-1FW
pH
g/
Lactic
acid
/
Acetic
acid
‹/
Butyric
acid
/g·kg-1DM
NH3N
/TN
/g·kg-1
LA/AA
g/{
Lactic
acid
bacteria
|c~
ý{
Aerobic
bacteria
î±{
Yeast
Ü{
Mold
/lgcfu·g-1FM
αG±]
αtocopherol
β?â
w
βcarotene
/mg·kg-1DM
35d
CK
160.43
±7.49a
4.12
±0.16a
33.75
±8.53c
15.52
±4.33a
ND
37.84
±0.54b
2.20
±0.37d
7.52
±0.10ab
6.65
±0.03
6.05
±0.07
<1.00
7.49
±0.91a
142.71
±14.88ab

162.40
±2.20a
3.65
±0.03b
60.94
±6.08ab
3.85
±0.17d
ND
15.58
±3.68d
15.86
±1.66a
7.33
±0.32b
6.67
±0.22
5.44
±0.42
<1.00
4.06
±0.89c
77.23
±16.39b

161.33
±14.41a
4.17
±0.13a
35.51
±7.63c
12.82
±3.16ab
ND
39.30
±6.48ab
2.79
±0.15d
7.69
±0.17ab
6.78
±0.18
5.96
±0.06
<1.00
5.67
±1.70b
223.73
±20.60a
TL
151.73
±12.60ab
3.72
±0.14b
58.52
±5.29b
5.90
±0.51cd
ND
13.48
±3.03d
10.01
±1.63b
7.34
±0.20b
6.53
±0.39
5.47
±0.95
<1.00
3.33
±0.10c
212.64
±38.46a
70d
CK
142.37
±9.11ab
4.21
±0.20a
40.37
±12.83c
12.17
±1.36ab
0.20
±0.35
47.27
±3.74a
3.27
±0.74cd
7.71
±0.31ab
6.74
±0.03
6.15
±0.07
<1.00
7.47
±1.11a
225.75
±87.78a

149.87
±6.34ab
3.72
±0.07b
63.90
±4.29ab
12.50
±0.30ab
ND
19.32
±7.68d
5.11
±0.32c
7.71
±0.16ab
6.77
±0.22
5.53
±0.43
<1.00
1.20
±0.18d
159.02
±64.31ab

159.23
±28.39ab
4.34
±0.07a
27.20
±11.68c
10.23
±1.99b
0.03
±0.06
28.90
±5.43c
2.83
±1.47d
8.00
±0.16a
6.88
±0.18
6.06
±0.05
<1.00
6.94
±1.00ab
103.55
±22.30b
TL
134.13
±6.65b
3.77
±0.11b
75.20
±5.20a
8.90
±0.66bc
ND
20.24
±2.36d
8.50
±0.96b
7.88
±0.43ab
6.63
±0.40
5.57
±0.95
<1.00 NDd
108.63
±28.78b
:;_
Standarderror
7.640 0.073 4.754 1.213 / 2.685 0.624 0.171 0.141 0.302 / 0.531 25.464
!"~
Significance
Þù
Time
 NS NS NS NS  NS  NS NS NS  NS
vËX
Additive
NS    NS   NS NS NS NS  NS
Ô¯’¢
Interaction
NS NS NS  NS   NS NS NS NS  
  Ô:CK,h-;T,ˆI‹Zh2Á];L,Žg‡{;TL,ˆI‹Zh2Á]eŽg‡{6°vË;NH3-N/TN,¨ H¦o¹¦I;LA/
AA,g/o/;FW,^ Q;FM,^ ò;DM,%ò;cfu,{¸¥7ÆÌ;¤Î£¤3ͱÈ6aê!",犘<0.05;,!"aê,犘<0.05;
NS,y!"aê,犘>0.05
Note:CK,Control;T,TBHQ;L,犔犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾犾狌狊狆犾犪狀狋犪狉狌犿;TL,combinedTBHQwith犔犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾犾狌狊狆犾犪狀狋犪狉狌犿;NH3-N/TN,Ratioofam
moniaNtototalnitrogen;FW,Freshweight;FM,FreshMatter;DM,Drymatter;cfu,Colonyformingunits;Diferentlowercaselettersinthesame
columnindicatesignificantdiferences,犘<0.05;,Significantdifference,犘<0.05;NS,Nosignificantdiference,犘>0.05
2.5 †¤‡ˆŽc!‰jÂdα=ʊ9β‹Œ
+@ËSÉ
αG±]ApHeNH3N/TNx2]!"vM
=
(犘<0.05),Ag/pº]!"‘M=(犘<0.05),
Aî±{׺]!"vM=
(犘<0.05),ADM,AA,
BAe|c~ý{׺]vM=,ALA/AA、g/{
׺]‘M=
。β?âwABA,NH3N/TN]!
"vM=
(犘<0.05),ApH,AA,|c~ý{eî±
0231
!6# ﻳ¡:vËXhw`2Èúîþò、αG±]eβ?âwlém
׺]vM=

Ag/{׺]‘M=
(犘<0.05),A g/、LA/AA]‘M=(犘<0.05)。
W1 †¤‡ˆŽc!‰jÂdα=ʊ9β‹Œ+@ËSÉ
Fig.1 Correlationoffermentationqualitywithαtocopherolandβcaroteneinnapiergrasssilage
Ô
:BA,‹/;LAB,g/{;AB,|c~ý{;Y,î±;,!"M=,犘<0.05
Note:BA,Butyricacid;LAB,Lacticacidbacteria;AB,Aerobicbacteria;Y,Yeast;,Significantcorrelation,犘<0.05
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Â^+úîþò
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ˈI‹Zh2Á]lw`2Èh)=αG±]e
β?âw@¾d,vˎg‡{、ˆI‹Zh
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G±]eβ?âwl@¾d(。
›[[1] CalderonAF,Chauveau-DuriotB,MartinB,犲狋犪犾.Varia
tionsincarotenoids,vitaminsAandEandcolorincow’splas
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oflactation[J].JournalofDairyScience,2007,90(5),2335
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]Telém
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