Abstract:In this paper, 120 taxa (including 77 species, 42 varieties and 1 form) of diatoms from Kanasi in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region were reported, which belong to 31 genera, 10 families. Of these taxa, Caloneis holstii Cleve, Navicula subocculta Hustedt, Cymbella ventricosa var. silesiaca (Bleisch) A. Cleve, Achnanthes lanceolata var. inflata Mayer, Epithemia adnata var. proboscidea Patr., Epithemia intermedia Fricke, Hantzschia amphioxys var. gracilis Grunow, Surirella asymmetrica Östrup, Surirella engleri Ο. Müller are new records in China. The characteristic of diatoms ecological distribution was discussed.