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作 者 ：曾华;李大卫;黄宏文;

期 刊 ：武汉植物学研究 2009年 27卷 3期 页码：312-317

关键词：中华猕猴桃；美味猕猴桃；杂交带；倍性变异；

Keywords:Actinidia chinensis, A.deliciosa, Ploidy variation, Geographic distribution,

摘 要 ：根据已有的猕猴桃自然地理分布资料,通过对中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)和美味猕猴桃(A.deliciosa)野外分布居群的详细调查,利用流式细胞技术对我国西部高原台地向中东部丘陵平原过渡地带6个纯中华猕猴桃、1个纯美味猕猴桃和5个中华/美味猕猴桃同域分布居群共276个个体的倍性进行了检测.结果表明:(1)中华猕猴桃存在二倍体和四倍体,美味猕猴桃存在四倍体、五倍体和六倍体;(2)中华猕猴桃和美味猕猴桃在经度和纬度的分布上存在显著差异(p<0.05),中华猕猴桃在经度上偏东分布而美味猕猴桃偏西,纬度分布上中华猕猴桃偏南而美味猕猴桃偏北;而且不同倍性小种在经、纬度分布上呈现显著差异(p<0.05),二倍体、四倍体、六倍体的分布在经度上依次从东到西、纬度上从南到北;(3)中华猕猴桃和美味猕猴桃不同倍性小种的海拔分布存在显著性差异(p<0.05),二倍体小种分布海拔最低,四倍体小种次之,六倍体小种海拔分布最高,但通过LSD分析四倍体个体和六倍体个体在海拔分布上不存在显著差异(p>0.05).通过对中华/美味猕猴桃这两种具有重要经济价值的果树的倍性变异及地理分布的探讨,提出了猕猴桃倍性小种分布的上述规律并给猕猴桃种质资源收集、评价、创新和可持续利用方面提供了初步的研究基础,尤其是为我国猕猴桃新品种选育提供了基础数据和科学依据.

Abstract:In the present study,the ploidy level of five populations of Actinidia chinensis and A.deliciosa with overlapping distributions in transitional regions ranging from the western China plateau to the middle-eastern China hilly mountains and six populations of pure A.chinensis individuals and one population with only A.deliciosa were detected,according to the geographical distribution data and our previous extensive survey of the wild populations of A.chinensis and A.deliciosa in China.Furthermore,the morphological traits were depicted and analyzed.The results showed:(1)A.chinensis possessed diploid and tetraploid,while A.deliciosa possessed tetraploid,pentaploid and hexaploid.(2)There was significant(p<0.05) difference of the longitude and latitude distribution between A.chinensis and A.deliciosa.A.chinensis distributed westward,and A.deliciosa located eastward in the longitudinal distribution.As to the latitudinal distribution,A.chinensis and A.deliciosa situated from northerly to southerly.The longitudinal and latitudinal distribution among the ploidy races of the two species were also significantly different(p<0.05).The distribution of the diploid,tetraploid,and hexaploid races was in the direction from east to west in the longitude,and from north to south in latitude.(3)There was significant difference(p<0.05) among the altitudinal distribution of the ploidy races of A.chinensis and A.deliciosa.The distribution of diploid race was in the lowest elevation,tetraploid race in the middle elevation,and the hexaploid in the highest elevation.However,there was no significant difference(p>0.05) between the altitudinal distribution of the tetraploid individuals and the hexaploid individuals by LSD test.This result for kiwifruit is beneficial to lay a preliminary research base to the cytotype distribution research fields and the collection,evaluation,innovation and sustainable use of kiwifruit germplasm resources,especially to provide the basic data and scientific basis to breeding of new kiwifruit varieties.

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