水稻重要农艺性状的基因定位研究在育种上具有重要意义。2004年在海南陵水县种植两个完全测序水稻品种日本晴与9311的F2群体及双亲，分别考察了其单株分蘖数、穗数、有效分蘖数、穗长、主穗长、抽穗期、株高和剑叶8个农艺性状3次重复的平均值。用已构建的连锁遗传图谱（Nipponbare/9311-F2遗传图谱）及Excel 2000和Mapmaker/QTL 1.1b软件对这8个性状间的相互关系和基因位点进行了分析。结果在LOD>2.0和P＜0.005的条件下共检测到41个QTLs，它们分布在水稻所有染色体上，单个QTL对性状表型贡献率11.0%～46.4%，其中大于20%的有22个。对选用已测序材料为亲本构建图谱来探讨水稻农艺性状的分子基础及其育种意义进行了讨论。
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop, which provides more than 50 percent of foods in China. Most of crop traits are quantitative in nature, which are controlled by polygene, so it’s very important for crop improvement to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs). In this research, rice varieties which whole genome have been sequenced, Nippinbare and 93-11, and their F2 lines were planted at Lingshui County, Hainan Province in 2004. The phenotypic values of 8 agronomic traits including number of tillers (TN), number of effective tillers (ETN), number of panicle (PN), panicle length (PL), main panicle length (MPL), days to heading (DH), plant height (PH), and flag length (FL) were surveyed with three replication. Correlation coefficients between these traits calculated by means of the software of Excel 2000 were found to be similar to other research conclusions. A F2 linkage map (152 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers and covering 2 455.7 cM of the genome length) was applied to detect QTLs with Mapmaker/QTL 1.1b. Under the condition that LOD>2.0 and P＜0.005, 41 QTLs were detected, which distributed on all rice chromosomes. The phenotypic variations (VE) explained by individual QTL were ranged from 11.0% to 46.4%, among which 22 QTLs explained VE by more than 20%. The molecular basis of inheritance and the applications of QTL for rice agronomic traits with sequenced rice materials as mapping parents were discussed.
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