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资讯 全球最大的 “地衣蘑菇冶 被发现
刘摇 栋1, 王欣宇1, 李建文1, 王立松1, 王世春2
(1 中国科学院昆明植物研究所, 云南 昆明摇 650201; 2 云南省玉龙县黄山镇农业综合服务中心, 云南 丽江摇 674199)
The Largest ‘Basidiolichen爷 Has Been Discovered
摇 摇 While over 99% of the lichenized fungi are Ascomycota,
less than 1% of the lichen forming fungi belong to Basidiomy鄄
cota. We have discovered a species during our field work in
northwestern of Yunnan Province in 2012 which has the largest
fruiting body in basidiolichen already reported. This specimen
grows in wet and cold environment, the size of community is 60
cm 伊 50 cm. Thallus consists of squamules, 1-7 mm in diam,
green to dark鄄green, plane or slightly convex, upper surface
white tomentous; basidiocarps 5-7 cm; pileis almost 4 cm in
diam., orange鄄yellow to pale orange, umbilicate, deeply de鄄
pressed, margin slightly undulate; lower surface concolorous
with upper surface, lamellae adnate, or slightly decurrent; stipitipellis hollow. This specimen differs from Lichenomphalia hudso鄄
niana in pileis, which is smaller, less than 3 cm in diam., surface smooth and shallowly depressed.
地衣是由共生菌与共生藻互惠共生形成的一类特异化真菌, 也叫地衣型真菌。 全球已知约 1. 3 万种。 其中, 绝大
多数是子囊地衣, 仅约 1%是由担子菌与共生藻结合形成担子地衣。 担子地衣的有性繁殖是通过担子果产生担孢子,
担孢子在适合的环境中与共生藻结合, 形成担子地衣体。
2012 年我们在滇西北野外考察中, 发现了目前全球已知担子地衣中最大的子实体 (标本号: 王立松等 12 -
34740)。 该地衣生长在海拔 3 678 m的湿冷环境中, 腐木生, 地衣体群落面积 60 cm 伊 50 cm; 地衣体呈鳞片状, 直径
1 ~ 7 mm; 上表面平坦或微凹陷, 暗绿色至淡黄绿色, 具有微薄的白色绒毛; 子实体高 5 ~ 7 cm; 菌盖呈脐伞状, 直径
达 4 cm, 边缘波状起伏, 中央脐呈漏斗状; 上表面乳黄色, 光滑, 具光泽; 下表面与上表面同色, 菌褶与菌柄贴生或
微下延; 菌柄中空, 表面具微薄的白色绒毛。 其分类学特征及 DNA分子研究将在后续工作中陆续开展。
该地衣体为鳞片状, 与绿色地衣小荷叶 (Lichenomphalia hudsoniana) 相似, 但不同之处在于后者子实体菌盖为半
圆形盔状, 直径<3 cm, 上表面平滑以及中央脐平坦。
521 期摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 杨摇 婷等: 三种高山杜鹃的光合生理生态研究摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇