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期 刊 ：植物遗传资源学报 2016年 17卷 2期

关键词：胭脂花；野生居群；花柱二型；花粉形态；多样性；

Keywords:Primula maximowicizii, natural population, distyly, pollen morphology, diversity,

摘 要 ：胭脂花是分布于中国北部的报春花科报春花属花柱二型植物，为了阐明胭脂花花粉形态的多样性，对胭脂花分布范围内的7个野生居群的花粉形态进行了测定。结果表明，胭脂花花粉属N3P4C5型，极面观多为三角形，具三孔沟，少数为四边形，具4孔沟；短花柱植株的花粉粒较大（16.53?7.58μm），花粉粒外壁粗糙，表面纹饰多，网眼大；长花柱植株的花粉粒较小（12.95?3.72μm），花粉粒外壁较光滑，表面纹饰少，网眼小。不同居群间花粉粒在大小、网眼直径、外壁纹饰等方面存在显著的差异，花粉形态变异系数（CV）在4.88%~35.48%之间；短花柱类型各居群的平均变异系数为16.18%，居群间差异较大，其中庞泉沟居群变异系数最大（24.05%），海跎山居群最小（10.13%）；长花柱类型各居群的平均变异系数为14.89%，庞泉沟居群的变异系数最大（19.75%），五台山与海跎山居群最小（12.50%），长花柱类型的花粉性状比短花柱植株更为稳定。UPGMA聚类分析发现，7个居群聚为两大类，除庞泉沟居群外，其它居群聚为一组，地理距离相近的居群一般聚在一起。研究结果为胭脂花种质资源遗传多样性及育种研究提供了依据。

Abstract:Primula maximowicizii is a typical heterostyly species in genus Primula, which mainly distributed in northern China. To elucidate the diversity of pollen morphology, micromorphological characteristics of pollens in seven natural P. maximowicizii populations were investigated using SEM method. The polar view of most pollens were triangular, and the type of germinal aperture was trisyncolpate. Pollens of short-styled flowers were signi?cantly larger than those of long-styled flowers. Ornamentation of the pollens of short-styled flowers were reticulate with lumina of up to 0.4μm wide, and the pollens of long-styled flowers were microreticulate or verrucate with lumina of up to 0.23μm wide. The pollens’ characters were significantly different among populations with coefficient variation (CV) from 4.88% to 35.48%., and the average CV of short-styled flowers was 16.18%, the average CV of long-styled flowers was 14.89%. Acccording to the morphological characteristics of pollens, the seven P. maximowicizii populations were classified into two groups by UPGMA cluster analysis. The results provided theoretical data for genetic diversity research on P. maximowicizii.

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