期 刊 ：中国中药杂志 2007年 32卷 10期 页码：949.
关键词：安宫牛黄丸；醒脑开窍；朱砂；雄黄；单胺类递质；内毒素；
Keywords:Angong Niuhuang pill, Xingnao Kaiqiao, Cinnabar, Realgar, monoamine transmitters, LPS,
摘 要 ：目的：探讨安宫牛黄丸脑电激活作用的机制,评估朱砂、雄黄在其“醒脑开窍”作用中所发挥的作用,推测其在适应证“瘟病”治疗中存在的意义,为安宫牛黄丸组方的合理性提供实验依据。方法：70只SD大鼠随机分为7组,即对照组、模型组、含朱砂雄黄的安宫牛黄丸(全方)组、不含朱砂雄黄的安宫牛黄丸(简方)组,朱砂+雄黄组、雄黄组、朱砂组,分别给与蒸馏水、0.4 g·kg-1全方、0.32 g·kg-1简方、0.08 g·kg-1朱砂+雄黄、0.04 g·kg-1雄黄、0.04 g·kg-1朱砂,连续给药3 d,末次给药后1 h,以内毒素(LPS)尾静脉注射复制内毒素脑损伤模型,以单胺类递质及其代谢产物为观察指标,采用高效液相电化学检测法(HPLC-ECD),测定安宫牛黄丸及朱砂、雄黄对LPS致脑损伤皮层中单胺类递质及其代谢产物含量的影响。结果：LPS尾静脉注射6 h后,皮层中去甲肾上腺素(NE)含量明显升高,肾上腺素(E)有降低的趋势,对3-甲基-4-羟-苯乙二醇(MHPG)的影响不明显；皮层中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)含量明显升高；多巴胺(DA)、高香草酸(HVA)含量无明显变化,3,4-二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)的含量降低。全方有降低NE,提高DOPAC,E含量的趋势,但统计学无明显差异,全方可明显降低5-HIAA含量,和模型组比较差异显著。简方则进一步提高皮层NE含量,和模型组及全方组比较差异显著,简方可显著提高皮层DA含量,和各组比较差异均显著。朱砂+雄黄升高E含量、降低NE含量的作用更明显；单独的雄黄可明显降低5-HT含量。结论：安宫牛黄丸可部分逆转LPS所致皮层单胺类神经递质的改变,朱砂+雄黄及单独雄黄、朱砂和全方的作用相似。对皮层单胺类递质的影响可能是安宫牛黄丸对内毒素脑损伤促清醒作用机制之一,推测朱砂雄黄可能是安宫牛黄丸醒脑开窍作用的重要物质基础。
Abstract:Objective: To probe the mechanism of EEG activation and Xingnao Kaiqiao, evaluate the actions of cinnabaris and realgar in Xingnao Kaiqiao of Angong Niuhuang pill, guess the significance of cinnabaris and realgar in specific indication treatment of Angong Niuhuang pill, and provide experimental bases for the rationality of Angong Niuhuang pill building-up. Method: Seventy SD rats were divided into seven groups: the control, the model, the Angong Niuhuang pill (0.4 g·kg-1), the Angong Niuhuang pill without cinnabaris and realgar (0.32 g·kg-1), the cinnabaris and realgar (0.08 g·kg-1), the realgar (0.04 g·kg-1), and the cinnabaris (0.04 g·kg-1). Rats in the control and model groups were given distilled water. After three days of administration, the brain damage model was made by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) injection through caudal vein and the catecholamine (CA) and its metabolites levels in cerebral cortex, included noradrenaline (NE), adrenaline (E), 3-methocy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA), Homovanlic acid (HVA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD). Influences of Angong Niuhuang pill, Angong Niuhuang pill without cinnabaris and realgar, cinnabaris and realgar on monoamine transmitters were observed in brain damage rats caused by LPS. Result: LPS could raise NE, 5-HT, 5-HIAA levels and reduce E, DOPAC levels, but had no influence on HVA, DA, MHPG levels. Angong Niuhuang pill had the trend of raising E, DOPAC levels and reducing NE level, and could reduce 5-HIAA level obviously comparing with models. But Angong Niuhuang pill without cinnabaris and realgar was different, NE level was significantly higher compared to models and Angong Niuhuang pill, DA level was also significantly higher compared to all groups. Cinnabaris and realgar had the same action trends with Angong Niuhuang pill, and separate realgar could obviously reduce 5-HT. Conclusion: Influence on CA and its metabolites levels in cerebral cortex may be one of the mechanisms of Angong Niuhuang pill’s EEG activation, and cinnabaris and realgar have the same action on CA levels in cerebral cortex. The results of the present work allow us to put forward the hypothesis that cinnabaris and realgar are most likely one of the important material basis in Xingnao Kaiqiao of Angong Niuhuang pill.