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作 者 ：王丽英,张彦才,翟彩霞,陈丽莉,李巧云,武雪萍,吴会军.

期 刊 ：中国生态农业学报 2008年 16卷 6期 页码：1375-1383

关键词：日光温室；平衡施肥；连作；黄瓜；目标产量法；数学模型法；

Keywords:Sunlight greenhouse, Balanced fertilization, Continuous cropping, Cucumber, Target yield method, Mathematical model,

摘 要 ：以农户习惯施肥为对照，采用多点试验，研究目标产量法和数学模型法平衡施肥对连作日光温室黄瓜产量、品质及土壤性质的影响。结果表明，平衡施肥对黄瓜有明显增产、节本增效、改善品质、缓解土壤养分和盐分积累的作用。数学模型法平衡施肥在温室连作年限较长或土壤养分较高的条件下适用，目标产量法平衡施肥在温室连作年限短且土壤养分含量较低条件下适用。目标产量法较农户习惯施肥黄瓜增产5.4%～30.8%，减少化肥投入734～59 253元·hm^-2，黄瓜硝酸盐含量降低20.8～145.3 mg·kg^-1，VC和总糖含量分别提高0.2～2.5 mg·（100g）^-1和0.11%～0.47%；数学模型法较农户习惯施肥黄瓜增产7.6%～34.7%，减少化肥投入944～59 463元·hm^-2，黄瓜硝酸盐含量降低14.0～147.0 mg·kg^-1，VC和总糖含量分别提高0.4～3.5 mg·（100g）^-1和0.14%～1.11%。黄瓜拉秧期平衡施肥与对照相比，土壤养分和电导率明显降低。河北省日光温室黄瓜土壤全盐量与电导率呈极显著直线正相关（R=0.949 5），可以用电导率代替全盐作为反映土壤盐渍化程度的主要指标之一。

Abstract:Multi-site experiment was conducted to study the effect of balanced fertilization on yield and nutrition quality of cucumber and characteristics of soils, which was then compared with custom application fertilizer in continuous cropping under sunlight green house conditions. Balanced fertilization technique includes mathematical model and target yield method. The results show that balanced fertilization increases cucumber yield, saves investment and therefore enhances benefit and improves nutrient quality of sunlight greenhouse cucumber. At the same time, this technique obviously alleviates accumulation of soil nutrient and salinity. Mathematical fertilization model adapts to continuous cropping in sunlight greenhouse conditions for longer periods or higher soil nutrients, while balanced fertilization for target yield adapts to continuous cropping in sunlight greenhouse conditions for shorter periods and lower soil nutrients. Compared with custom fertilizer application, cucumber yield under balanced fertilization for target yield increases by 5.4%～30.8%, fertilizer investment reduces by 734～59 253 yuan·hm^-2, nitrate content in cucumber decreases by 20.8 ～145.3 mg·kg^-1, and vitamin C and soluble sugar content respectively increases by 0.2～2.5 mg·(100g)^-1 and 0.11 %～0.47 %. Compared with custom fertilizer application, cucumber yield under mathematical model fertilization increases by 7.6%～34.7%, fertilizer investment reduces by 944～59 463 yuan·hm^-2, nitrate content in cucumber decreases by 14.0～147.0 mg·kg^-1, vitamin C and soluble sugar content respectively increases by 0.4～3.5 mg·(100g)^-1 and 0.14 %～1.11 %. At harvest, soil nutrition and conductivity under balanced fertilization reduces. Soil salinity is in significant correlation with conductivity(R = 0.949 5) for sunlight greenhouse cucumber in Hebei Province. Soil conductivity can serve as an important indicator of soil salinity.

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