全 文 :收稿日期:2011-04-25 接受日期:2011-11-15
* 通讯作者 Tel:86-29-84775471;E-mail:tanghf71@ fmmu. edu. cn
天然产物研究与开发 Nat Prod Res Dev 2012,24:1474-1479
文章编号:1001-6880(2012)10-1474-06
紫金牛属植物中皂苷的研究进展
海文利,汤海峰* ,马 宁,田向荣,姚敏娜,赵 美
第四军医大学西京医院药剂科,西安 710032
摘 要:近 7 年来,紫金牛属植物中皂苷类成分的研究非常活跃,已相继从紫金牛属植物中分离得到 34 个皂苷
类化合物,并对其药理活性进行了研究。本文查阅了近 7 年来国内外关于紫金牛属植物中皂苷的研究文献,并
在此基础上对皂苷类化合物的种类、结构特点、药理活性等方面进行了系统的综述,为深入研究和开发利用紫
金牛属药用植物中皂苷类成分提供详尽的参考资料。
关键词:紫金牛属;皂苷;结构;药理活性;进展
中图分类号:R284. 2 文献标识码:A
Advances in Saponins from Ardisia
HAI Wenα-Li,TANG Hai-feng,MA Ning,TIAN Xiang-rong,YAO Min-na,ZHAO Mei
Department of Pharmacy,Xijing Hospital,Fourth Military Medical University,Xi‘an 710032
Abstract:Over the past seven years,much attention has been paid to saponins from the genus of Ardisia. Thirty-four sap-
onins have been identified from this genus and their pharmacological activities have been studied. In order to offer a de-
tailed reference material for further research and exploitation of saponins from the medicinal plants of Ardisia,this paper
reviews systematically on saponins including their types,structural characteristics as well as their pharmacological activi-
ties from Ardisia based on the summaried literatures at home and abroad for the past seven years.
Key words:Ardisia;saponins;structure;pharmacological activity;progress
主要分布于热带美洲、太平洋诸岛、印度半岛东
部及亚洲东部及南部,少数分布于大洋洲;我国有
69 种,12 个变种,分布于长江流域以南各地。紫金
牛属植物花美丽,大部供观赏用,有的果可食,种子
可榨油,有些可入药,例如[1],朱砂根(A. crenata)的
根、叶可祛风除湿,散瘀止痛;百两斤(A. crispa)有祛
痰止咳、活血消肿的功效,可治风湿骨痛,妇女闭经,
扁桃腺炎;九节龙(A. pusilla)有清热解毒、消肿止痛
的功效;虎舌红(A. mamillata)有清热利湿、活血止
血、去腐生肌的功效等等。近 30 年来,国内外学者
关于紫金牛属植物的活性化学成分、生理、药理等方
面的研究较多,迄今为止已相继从该属植物中分离
得到皂苷类、苯醌类、苯酚类、香豆素类、黄酮类、环
肽类、甾醇和三萜类等化合物,已有作者简要综述了
化学成分的研究概况。本文着重对近 7 年来紫金牛
属植物中三萜皂苷的研究作详细综述。
1 紫金牛属皂苷的结构分类
1. 1 紫金牛属皂苷苷元的结构分类
紫金牛属植物中皂苷的结构类型主要为五环三
萜类齐墩果烷型衍生物。到目前为止,已从紫金牛
属植物中分离鉴定了 66 个皂苷类化合物,其中苷元
有 10 种不同类型。2004 年刘岱琳等[2]已报道 7 种
苷元和 32 个皂苷化合物,在此基础上本文补充 3 种
苷元和 34 个皂苷化合物(见表 1 和图 1)。
1. 2 紫金牛属皂苷中糖的种类、个数及连接位置
紫金牛属中皂苷糖基的个数有 2 ~ 7 个不等,以
3 ~ 5 个的情况较常见,糖的种类主要有阿拉伯糖
(arabinose,ara)、葡萄糖(glucose,glu)、鼠李糖
(rhamnose,rham)、木糖(xylose,xyl) ,极少数含有半
乳糖(galactose,gal)。所有的这些糖基几乎都是以
吡喃糖的形式存在,其中大部分葡萄糖和木糖都是
β-D构型,鼠李糖和阿拉伯糖是 α-L构型。
紫金牛属皂苷中糖基与苷元的连接位置有三
种:第一种是糖基的 1 位羟基与苷元的 3 位羟基结
合成苷键,寡糖链的连接方式都比较相似,大部分具
有一个分支(丛苷元起第 2 个糖基多数为葡萄糖) ,
DOI:10.16333/j.1001-6880.2012.10.034
表 1 紫金牛属植物中三萜皂苷结构与分布
Table 1 The structures and distribution of triterpenoid saponins isolated from Ardisia genus
编号
No.
命名
Name
苷元
Aglycone
结构
Structure
来源 a)
Distribution 文献 Ref.
1
3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-xy-
lopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→
4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabi-
nopyranosyl }-16, 28β-Dihydroxy-30-acetoxy-
oleana-12-en
Ⅰ
R1 = CH2COOCH3;R2 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-
D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
1 3
2 Ardipusillosyl 4 Ⅰ
R1 = CH3;R2 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyr-
anosyl-(1 → 4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2) ]-α-L-arabi-
nopyranosyl
2 4
3 Ardisiacrenosyl I Ⅱ
R1 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→
4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl;R2
= -CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-(β-D-glucopyranuronate
3 5
4 Ardisicrenosyl N Ⅱ
R1 = β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→
2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl;R2 = β-D-glucopyranosyl
3 6
5 Ardipusillosyl Ⅳ Ⅱ
R1 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→
4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosylR2 = -
CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-3'-O-(soDium-β-D-glucopyranuronate)
2 7
6 Ardipusillosyl Ⅴ Ⅱ
R1 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→
4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosylR2 =
α-L-arabinopyranosyl
2 7
7 Ardipusillosyl 5 Ⅲ
R1 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→
4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosylR2 =
H
2 4
8
Cyclamigenin B -O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→
3)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-β-D-glucopy-
ranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl}
Ⅳ
R1 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→
2) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl2 =
CHO;R3 = H
1 8
9 Ardisicrenosyl K Ⅳ
R1 = β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-
[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosylR2 = CH
(OCH3)2;R3 = OH
3 9
10 Ardisicrenosyl M Ⅳ
R1 = β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-
[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosylR2 = CH
(OCH3)2;R3 = H
3 10
11 Ardisianosyl A Ⅴ
R1 = CH3;R2 = CH3;R3 = β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-{β-
D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-{β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→4) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3) }-β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(14) }-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
4 11
12 Ardisicrenosyl L Ⅴ
R1 = CH3;R2 = OH;R3 = β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-
arabinopyranosyl
3 9
13 Ardisianosyl B Ⅴ
R1 = CH3;R2 = CH3;R3 = β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-{β-
D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→3) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4) }-α-L-
arabinopyranosyl
4 11
14 Ardisianosyl C Ⅴ
R1 = CH3;R2 = CH3R3 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-ara
4 11
15 Ardisianosyl D Ⅴ
R1 = CH3;R2 = CH3R3 = β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
4 11
5741Vol. 24 海文利等:紫金牛属植物中皂苷的研究进展
16 Ardisianosyl E Ⅴ
R1 = CH2OH;R2 = CH3R3 = β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-
[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
4 11
17 Ardisianosyl F Ⅴ
R1 = CH2OHR2 = CH3R3 = β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-{β-
D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3) ]-β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→4) }-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
4 11
18 Ardisianosyl G Ⅴ
R1 = OH;R2 = CH3R3 = β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-
rham-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4) ]-α-L-arabinopyr-
anosyl
4 11
19
Cyclamiretin A 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→
3)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-β-D-glucopy-
ranosyl-(1 → 4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 →
2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
Ⅴ
R1 = CHO;R2 = CH3R3 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-
D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
1 3
20
cyclamiretin A 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→
3)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyr-
anose-(1→2) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-
[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopy-
ranosyl
Ⅴ
R1 = CHO;R2 = CH3R3 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-
D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-
arabinopyranosyl
1 3
21
cyclamiretin A 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→
3)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-β-D-glucopy-
ranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-6-O-acetylglucopyrano-
syl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
Ⅴ
R1 = CHO;R2 = CH3R3 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-
D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-
6-O-acetylglucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
1 3
22
3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[β-D-xy-
lopyranose-(1→2) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→
4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabi-
nopyranosyl-16-hydroxy-13,28-epoxy-oleanane
Ⅴ
R1 = CH3;R2 = CH3R3 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-
D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
1 12
23
3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[β-D-xy-
lopyranosyl(1→2) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→
4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabi-
nopyranosyl-16-hydroxy-13, 28-epoxy-30-ace-
toxy-oleanane
Ⅴ
R1 = CH2OOCCH3;R2 = CH3R3 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1
→3)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→
4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
1 12
24
3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→ 3)-[β-D-glu-
copyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-xylopyranose-(1 →
2) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-gluco-
pyranosyl-(1 → 2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-16-
hydroxy-13,28-epoxy-oleanane
Ⅴ
R1 = CH3;R2 = CH3R3 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-
D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-
arabinopyranosyl
1 12
25
3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[β-D-xy-
lopyranose-(1→2) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→
4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabi-
nopyranosyl-16-hydroxy-13,28-epoxy-oleanane
Ⅴ
R1 = CH3;R2 = CH3R3 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-
D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
1 12
26 Ardisicrenosyl I Ⅴ
R1 = CH(OCH3)2;R2 = CH3R3 = β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→
2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 →
2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
3 10
27 Ardisicrenosyl J Ⅴ
R1 = CH(OCH3)2;R2 = CH3R3 = α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1
→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→
2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
3 10
28 Ardipusillosyls 3 Ⅴ
R1 = CHO;R2 = CH3R3 = β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-{β-
D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→3) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4) }-α-L-
arabinopyranosyl
2 4
29 Ardipusillosyl Ⅲ Ⅵ
R = β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-
[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
2 13
30 Ardisianosyl H Ⅶ
R1 = CH3;R2 = CH3R3 = β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-{β-D-
xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-{β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→4) ]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3) }-β-D-
glucopyranosyl-(1→4) }-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
4 11
6741 天然产物研究与开发 Vol. 24
31 Ardisianosyl I Ⅶ
R1 = CH2OH;R2 = CH3R3 = β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-
[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4) ]-
α-L-arabinopyranosyl
4 11
32 Ardisianosyl J Ⅶ
R1 = CHO;R2 = CH3R3 = β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-
rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4) ]-α-L-
arabinopyranosyl
4 11
33 Ardisianosyl K Ⅷ
R1 = β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1
→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4) ]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl
4 11
34 Ardisimamillosyl I Ⅸ
R = arabinopyranosyl-(1→4)-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-rham-
nopyranosyl-(1→2)-glucopyranosyl
5 2
来源(Source) :1. A. gigantifolia;2. A. pusilla;3. A. crenata;4. A. japonica;5. A. mamillata
图 1 苷元的结构
Fig. 1 The structures of aglycones
少部分具有两个分支或无分支;第二种是糖基的 1
位羟基与苷元的 30 位羧基结合成酯键,糖基一般为
葡萄糖和阿拉伯糖[7];第三种是糖基的 1 位羟基与
苷元的 30 位羧基连接的丙三醇的 3 位羟基结合成
苷键,糖一般为葡萄糖[5,7]。
2 紫金牛属植物皂苷的药理活性
紫金牛属植物中可做药用的植物较多,随着现
代技术的发展,已从该属植物中发现越来越多的生
物活性成分,特别是皂苷类成分药理活性的研究已
受到广泛的关注。自上个世纪八十年代,已有大量
实验证明该属植物皂苷类成分具有多种药理活性,
现将其一一叙述如下:
2. 1 抗肿瘤作用
早在上个世纪九十年代,张清华等人证明川产
九节龙皂苷Ⅰ和Ⅱ均有不同程度的抑制肿瘤生长作
用和提高免疫功能的作用以来,尤其近年来,紫金牛
属植物皂苷成分的抗肿瘤活性的机制研究非常活
跃。
王晓娟等[14]发现九节龙皂苷(Ardipusilloside,
ADS)对 5-Fu化疗、放疗均有增效作用,此外 ADS对
不同种类的瘤株或化疗药,其增效率有较大差别。
林洪等人[15]通过体外实验证实九节龙-Ⅲ通过 BAD
去磷酸化和酶解的凋亡信号途径诱导恶性胶质瘤
7741Vol. 24 海文利等:紫金牛属植物中皂苷的研究进展
U251 细胞的显著凋亡。李乐翔等[16]利用二甲基苯
并蒽诱发的实验性胰腺癌小鼠模型采用免疫组化染
色的方法分别标记 p53,Bcl-2 和 Bax 阳性细胞分阶
段动态观察九节龙皂苷对各种蛋白表达的影响。实
验发现九节龙皂苷可能通过抑制突变型 p53 和 Bcl-
2 的表达诱导细胞凋亡从而抑制胰腺癌瘤形成和发
展。玉石等[17]在研究九节龙皂苷对胶质瘤 SHG-44
细胞潜在的治疗作用及其机制时发现 ADS 明显抑
制 SHG-44 细胞生长活性呈时间-浓度依赖性,并诱
导细胞发生明显的凋亡,细胞核发生浓聚边集,DNA
呈凋亡特异性“梯状”分布,具有显著的抗肿瘤作
用。熊剑等[18]人发现九节龙皂苷Ⅰ以时间和浓度
依赖的方式显著抑制了人胶质母细胞瘤 U87MG 细
胞和原代培养人源性胶质母细胞瘤细胞的增殖活
性,明显地改变了胶质母细胞瘤的细胞周期。
Chang等[11]从紫金牛(A. japonica)中发现 Ardi-
sianosides A等 15 个紫金牛皂苷对人白血病细胞株
HL-60、胃癌 KATO-Ⅲ及肺癌 A549 三个肿瘤细胞株
有细胞毒作用。
Wen等[3]从走马胎(A. gigantifolia)中发现 4个新
的走马胎皂苷,其中两个具有细胞毒性,对体外培养的
NCI-H460、SF-268、MCF-7和 HepG2肿瘤细胞株有显著
的抑制作用。Mu等[12]从走马胎中获得的 4个新皂苷
对 Hela、EJ和 BCG-823细胞株有细胞毒活性。
Zheng等[5]从朱砂根(A. crenata)中获得的新皂
苷 ardisiacrenoside I 对 HTC-8,BEL7402,BGC-823,
A549,A2780 和 KETR3 肿瘤细胞株有细胞毒性。
Liu等[6,10]先后从朱砂根中分得 4 个新皂苷 ardisi-
crenosides I,J,M和 N,研究发现 ardisicrenosides I和
J 对 MCF-7、NCI-H460、SF-268、HepG2 和 HepG2R
肿瘤细胞株有很强的毒性,ardisicrenosides M 选择
性的抑制 NCI-H460,ardisicrenosides N 对体外培养
的 MCF-7 和 NCI-H460 肿瘤细胞株有一定的毒性作
用,其 IC50值分别为 11. 0 μmol /L、22. 1 μmol /L。
据相关文献报道[19,20],少年红(A. alyxiaefolia)、
虎舌红(A. mamillata)、百两斤(A. crispa)、罗金树
(A. quinquengona)等紫金牛属植物的其他药用植物
用 EtOH或 CH4 回流,经大孔树脂提取其中所含有
的三萜总皂苷成分制成的抗肿瘤中药制剂,对小鼠
多种移植性肿瘤(体内试验)以及多种人瘤细胞(体
外试验)均有明显的抑制作用,通过数例肿瘤患者
口服试用后,其临床检验结果表明具有一定的抗肿
瘤活性。
2. 2 调节免疫力作用
通过免疫系统功能的调节起到抗肿瘤的作用是
当今国内外研究的一个热点。李茂等[21,22]在动物
实验中发现川产九节龙皂苷能抑制 S180,EAC,B16
和 HEPA小鼠移植性肿瘤的生长,具有抗肿瘤作用。
同时发现九节龙皂苷明显增强小鼠单核细胞和腹腔
巨噬细胞的吞噬能力;促进血清溶血素的生成和玫
瑰花细胞的形成。因此证明九节龙皂苷能增强小鼠
的免疫功能。陶小军等[23,24]发现九节龙皂苷Ⅰ对
小鼠 S180,H22 和 EAC 实体瘤均有抑制作用,其
100 mg /kg 对 3 种移植瘤最大抑瘤率分别为
3817%、4816%和 5010%;并能促进荷瘤小鼠 T 淋
巴细胞增殖,提高巨噬细胞吞噬能力,改善荷瘤小鼠
的免疫力。并进一步证明九节龙皂苷Ⅰ对 Lewis 肺
癌转移瘤和裸鼠肝癌 SMMC-7721 均有抑制作用。
曹永孝等[25]发现九节龙皂苷Ⅰ可增强环磷酰胺所
致免疫低下小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能和迟发型超敏反
应,促进血清溶血素形成,提高自然杀伤细胞和淋巴
因子激活的杀伤细胞的杀伤活性,增加血清细胞因
子 IL-2,TNF-α和 IFN-γ的含量,从而都在一定程度
上起到了抗肿瘤的作用。
2. 3 抗炎抑菌、抗病毒作用
Liu等[9]从朱砂根(A. crenata)中分得的两个新
皂苷 ardisicrenoside K 和 L,体外实验发现其对植物
病原真菌稻瘟病菌有抑制作用。
2. 4 其他作用
根据文献报道[2]紫金牛属皂苷还有抗 HIV 活
性、抗生育、抗细胞素活性、抑制 cAMP 磷酸二酯酶
等作用,近七年来研究相对较少。
3 展望
紫金牛属植物是我国传统的中草药及民族药用
植物。近年来,随着提取分离技术、波谱解析技术、
分子细胞生物学、分子药理学等相关学科技术的迅
速发展,已从本属植物中发现越来越多的活性成分,
其中皂苷类成分是紫金牛属植物中主要的活性成
分,具有多方面的生物活性,包括抗肿瘤、调节免疫
力、抗 HIV、抗生育、抗细胞素、抑制 cAMP 磷酸二酯
酶等作用。我国紫金牛属植物资源相当丰富,来源
广泛,但是目前对于紫金牛属药用植物皂苷成分和
其药理作用的研究不到 10 种。随着现代技术的综
合应用,人们对紫金牛属植物化学成分和药理作用
的研究不断深入,开发利用活性成分具有重大意义,不
8741 天然产物研究与开发 Vol. 24
断从该属植物中寻找新活性成分将会有广阔的前景。
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9741Vol. 24 海文利等:紫金牛属植物中皂苷的研究进展