全 文 ： Simultaneous quantification of eight active compounds in Sinopodophyllum
hexandrum by HPLC-DAD
Aihua Wang1,2, Yue Kong3, Mingying Shang*, Rongyun You4, Guangxue Liu1, Feng Xu1, Shaoqing Cai1
1. Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
2. Beijing Saisheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
3. Patent Examination Cooperation Center of the Patent Office, SIPO, Beijing 100080, China
4. Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
Abstract: Sinopodophylli Fructus is the commonly used traditional Tibetan medicinal herb. In the present study, we established
a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method to simultaneously determine three lignans and five flavonoid
constituents, namely podophyllotoxin, desoxypodophyllotoxin, 4′-demethyldesoxypodophyllotoxin, 8-prenylkaemferol, quercetin,
kaempferol, 8,2-diprenylquercetin 3-methylether and 8-prenylquercetin, in Sinopodophylli Fructus. The chromatographic separation
was achieved on a C18 analytical column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.05% phosphoric acid at a flow
rate of 1.0 mL/min. UV detection was set at 290 nm and 370 nm, and the column oven was set at 35 °C. This method provided
a good reproducibility, and its overall intra- and inter-day precision was less than 3% and 4%, respectively. The recovery of the
method was 98.29%–101.60%, and a good linearity (R2≥0.9992) was obtained for all the analytes over a relatively wide range of
concentration. A total of 17 samples of S. hexandrum (12 fruits, 5 roots and rhizomes) were collected from different areas and then
successfully quantified. The results indicated that the contents of eight compounds significantly varied (the sum content ranged
from 16.90 to 55.68 mg/g), and prenylated flavonoids could be used as marker constituents in the identification and quality control of
Sinopodophylli Fructus.
Keywords: Sinopodophyllum hexandrum, HPLC, Flavonoids, Lignans, Quality control
CLC number: R284 Document code: A Article ID: 1003–1057(2015)6–376–07
Received: 2015-03-07, Revised: 2015-04-01, Accepted: 2015-04-05.
Foundation items: National Key Technology R&D Program “New Drug
Innovation” of China (Grant No. 2009ZX09308-004, 2013ZX09103002-
006).
*Corresponding author. Tel.: 86-10-82802534,
E-mail: myshang@bjmu.edu.cn
http://dx.doi.org/10.5246/jcps.2015.06.048
1. Introduction
As a commonly-used herbal drug by Tibetan people[2],
Sinopodophylli Fructus (known as “Xiaoyelian” in China)
is derived from the dry mature fruit of Sinopodophyllum
hexandrum (Royle) Ying (Berberidaceae)[1]. It is firstly
recorded in the earliest literature about traditional Tibetan
materia medica-Yue Wang Yao Zhen (Somaratsa)[3]. As
a traditional Tibetan herb, Sinopodophylli Fructus is
primarily used to treat irregular menstruation, hyper-
plasia of mammary glands and other gynecological
diseases[4]. Previous studies have revealed that there are
mainly two types of chemical compounds in Sinopodophylli
Fructus, including lignans and flavonoids[5–7]. The lignans
are principally podophyllotoxin and its derivatives,






while flavonoids are mainly prenylated flavonoids. The
roots and rhizomas of S. hexandrum are supplies of
active pharmaceutical ingredients, which are used to
treat cancer and various verrucosis in the southwest of
China. There are many aryltetralin lignans in the roots
and rhizomes. As we all know, podophyllum lignans are
widely used as anticancer drugs with good clinical effects
against several types of neoplasms[8]. In addition,
preliminary bioactive assays have shown that flavonoids
exhibit various activities, such as anti-HSV[9], anti-HIV[10],
anti-breast cancer[6], anti-bacterial[11], anti-oxidation
agents[12] and radio-protective[13].
Sinopodophylli Fructus possesses a prospect of wide
application due to its multiple biological activities. In
our previous study, we have found that Sinopodophylli
Fructus contains a certain amount of aryltetralin lignans
and prenylated flavonoids[14]. Sinopodophylli Fructus
extract, lignans, flavonoids, and prenylated flavonoids
show anti-breast tumor bioactivity[15–19]. However, only very
few studies focus on the quality control of Sinopodophylli
Fructus until now[20]. Moreover, the existing studies merely
376 Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences http://www.jcps.ac.cn
O
O
O
MeO
OR2
R1
O
OMe
1
45
8
2
36
7 9
10
11
12
2
4
6
take single chemical marker (podophyllotoxin) or three
lignans (podophyllotoxin, desoxypodophyllotoxin and
4-demethyldesoxypodophyllotoxin) to control the quality
of Sinopodophylli Fructus[21,22]. In addition, there are no
reports for the quantification of flavonoid compounds in
Sinopodophylli Fructus so far. Therefore, it is in a great
demand to quantitatively determine and compare multiple
constituents in Sinopodophylli Fructus, which might be
beneficial to elucidate the mechanism of clinical effects
of this important Tibetan herb[23]. In the present study, we
aimed to evaluate the quality of Sinopodophylli Fructus
with active compounds, and three lignans and five flavnoid
constituents were selected as the active compounds. They
were podophyllotoxin (RS1), desoxypodophyllotoxin (RS2),
4-demethyldesoxypodophyllotoxin (RS3), 8-prenyl-
kaemferol (RS4), quercetin (RS5), kaempferol (RS6),
8,2-diprenylquercetin 3-methyl ether (RS7) and 8-prenyl-
quercetin (RS8)[24]. Their contents were simultaneously
determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid
chromatography coupled with DAD detector, and the
factors affecting the contents of these constituents were
also discussed in our study.
2. Experimental
2.1. Reagents
RS1–RS4, RS7 and RS8 were isolated from the fruits of
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Sinopodophylli Fructus)
in our lab, and their structures (Fig. 1) were characterized
by spectroscopical methods. Quercetin (RS5) and
kaempferol (RS6) were purchased from National
Institutes for Food and Drug Control. The purities of
reference compounds used in this study were all more
than 98.5%, determined by HPLC/UV analysis.
High-purity water was collected through Millipore
Milli-Q Plus water purification system. Acetonitrile of
HPLC grade was purchased from Fisher Scientific
(Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Phosphoric acid of HPLC grade
was obtained from Mreda (USA). Other solvents were
of analytical grade (Beijing Chemical Factory, Beijing,
China).
2.2. Materials
A total of 17 samples (12 fruits of S. hexandrum;
5 roots and rhizomes of S. hexandrum) were purchased
from drug stores of different geographical sources, or
collected from principal wild habitats in China by the
authors (Table 1). All the samples were identified by
Dr. Mingying Shang (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Peking University, China). Voucher specimens were
deposited in the Herbarium of Pharmacognosy, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, China.
2.3. Chromatographic conditions
In the present study, all experiments were performed
with an Agilent 1200 HPLC system (Agilent Technologies,
USA) equipped with a binary pump, an autosampler,
a column oven and a diode array detector plus on-line
degasser. Data were analyzed by Agilent ChemStation
Software.
The entire separations were achieved on an Agilent
analytical reversed-phase Zorbax SB-C18 column (5 μm,
4.6 mm×250 mm) with a Zorbax SB-C18 (5 μm, 4.6 mm×
45 mm) guard column (both from Agilent Technologies),
and the flow rate of mobile phase was set at 1.0 mL/min.
The other parameters were set as follows: wavelength
for UV detection, 290 nm and 370 nm; column tempera-
ture, 35 °C; and sample injection volume, 10 μL. Gradient
elution was performed using 0.05% phosphoric acid (A)
and acetonitrile (B) with a program as follows: 26% B
for 0–30 min, 26%–29% B for 30–35 min, 29%–36% B
for 35–36 min, 36% B for 36–44 min, 36%–37% B
377 Wang, A.H. et al. / J. Chin. Pharm. Sci. 2015, 24 (6), 376–382
Reference standards R1 R2
RS1 OH Me
RS2 H Me
RS3 H H
Reference standards R1 R2 R3 R4
RS4 Prenyl H H H
RS5 H H H OH
RS6 H H H H
RS7 Prenyl Me Prenyl OH
RS8 Prenyl H H OH
O
O
R1
HO
OH
OH
OR2
R4
R3
2
3
45
6
7
8
2
4
6
Figure 1. Structures of compounds 1–8. RS1, podophyllotoxin; RS2, desoxypodophyllotoxin; RS3, 4-demethyldesoxypodophyllotoxin;
RS4, 8-prenylkaemferol; RS5, quercetin; RS6, kaempferol; RS7, 8,2-diprenylquercetin3-methyl ether; RS8, 8-prenylquercetin.
378 Wang, A.H. et al. / J. Chin. Pharm. Sci. 2015, 24 (6), 376–382
for 44–47 min, 37% B for 47–49 min, 37%–40% B for
49–50 min, 40%–41% B for 50–80 min, and 41%–
44.5% B for 80–90 min. The peaks of RS1–RS8 in samples
were identified by comparing their retention time (tR)
values and UV spectra with those of the standards.
2.4. Sample preparation for HPLC analyses
Accurately weighed (1.0 g) sample powders (40 mesh)
of fruits or roots and rhizomes of S. hexandrum were
extracted once with 20 mL of 80% methanol. Then the
methanol solution was weighed and placed in an ultrasonic
water bath at room temperature (22–28 °C) for 60 min.
Subsequently, the weight of methanol solution was
adjusted to the previous weight by adding certain
amount of methanol. The extract was filtered through
a 0.45 μm micropore membrane, and 10 μL extract was
injected into the HPLC instrument for analysis. Each
sample was prepared in duplicate and analyzed twice.
Therefore, four batches of results were obtained, and
the mean contents were used to evaluate the samples.
2.5. Preparation of stock solutions
In order to prepare stock solutions, the reference
compounds, RS1 (20.03 mg), RS2 (5.02 mg), RS3
(5.55 mg), RS4 (5.02 mg), RS5 (4.68 mg), RS6 (1.93 mg),
RS7 (51.00 mg) and RS8 (3.53 mg), were dissolved in
methanol, transferred to 5 mL volumetric flasks and
then diluted with methanol to volume, respectively. The
solution was stored at 4 °C prior to further analysis.
2.6. Linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of
quantitation (LOQ)
The linearity of the calibration curves was verified by
the correlation coefficients. A series of standard working
solutions with graded concentrations were obtained by
further mixing and diluting the eight standard solutions.
A calibration curve for each compound was created by
plotting the peak area (y) versus concentration (x). The
results indicated that there was excellent correlation
between the ratio of peak area and concentration for
each constituent within test ranges. The correlation
coefficients of the calibration curves for different
standards were ≥0.9992. LOD and LOQ of the investigat-
ed compounds were determined at a signal/noise ratio (S/
N) of 3 and 10, respectively. The LOD was found to be
1.34–6.22 μg/mL, and the LOQ was 2.82–11.7 μg/mL.
Table 2 shows detailed data.
No. Sample Collection place
Amount of compound (mg/g)
RS1 RS2 RS3 RS4 RS5 RS6 RS7 RS8
1 Fruits of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum

Jiukang medicine store, Qinghai 1.395 2.985 1.134 1.412 0.1980 0.1513 17.98 0.9695
2 Zhuomazangyao, Qinghai 0.988 3.540 1.144 1.516 0.1995 0.1262 16.17 0.9058
3 Yongkang medicine store, Qinghai 1.739 2.796 1.268 0.6435 0.1804 0.06780 12.21 0.6126
4 Qinghai 1.618 3.075 1.340 0.8204 0.1947 0.08310 13.88 0.6788
5 Tibet 1.710 3.027 1.205 0.4347 0.1633 0.07700 9.902 0.3874
6 Gannan, Gansu 0.8683 1.955 0.6346 0.2433 0.3523 0.2081 4.382 0.3092
7 Tibet Medicine Company 1.382 2.560 1.397 2.065 0.4244 0.2264 19.35 1.255
8 Ganluzangyao, Tibet 2.005 3.381 1.605 0.5848 0.2012 0.1129 13.34 0.3185
9 Jingzhuzangyao, Tibet 1.105 2.950 0.8468 0.7030 0.2240 0.1115 14.67 1.222
10 Linzhi, Tibet 0.8512 1.867 1.530 2.018 0.2482 0.07930 19.39 1.818
11 Shannan, Tibet 2.134 2.279 2.132 n.d. 0.1079 trace 16.84 0.1163
12 Linzhi Hospital, Tibet 1.202 2.359 1.442 1.276 0.09420 0.07730 13.67 0.6435
13 Roots and rhizomes of S. hexandrum

Chinese Health Products Co. 23.52 1.922 n.d. n.d. 1.611 1.510 n.d. trace
14 Bozhou, Anhui 44.41 5.547 n.d. n.d. 2.779 2.945 n.d. trace
15 Shaanxi 25.54 2.513 n.d. n.d. 1.423 1.958 n.d. trace
16 Tibet 25.18 0.9125 n.d. n.d. 1.776 1.275 n.d. trace
17 Anguo, Heibei 18.52 1.544 n.d. n.d. 1.264 1.384 n.d. trace
Table 1. Contents of eight analytes in fruits as well as roots and rhizomes of S. hexandrum
Podophyllotoxin (RS1), desoxypodophyllotoxin (RS2), 4-demethyldesoxypodophyllotoxin (RS3), 8-prenylkaemferol (RS4), quercetin (RS5), kaempferol (RS6),
8,2-diprenylquercetin 3-methyl ether (RS7) and 8-prenylquercetin (RS8). ‘n.d.’, not detected; ‘trace’, below LOQ.
2.7. Analytic method validation
Concentrations of RS1–RS8 in the 17 collected samples
were determined using the calibration curves. The stability
of extracted sample (No. 9) at room temperature in the
autosampler was evaluated up to 48 h after extraction.
Long-term stability tests of RS1–RS8 were in the
acceptable range (RSD% <3%).
The accuracy of the method was evaluated from
the results of recovery test. The method recoveries
of RS1–RS8 from the samples were measured by
comparing the extracted samples (No. 9) with the spiked
concentrations of samples. Concentrations of the
standard solution added to the powdered samples were
at three different levels, six replicates for each level.
Then the samples were treated as above-described.
Recovery was obtained by calculating the percent ratio
of determined amount to added amount. Moreover,
RSD% was also calculated (Table 3).
The precision of the developed method was evaluated
using the intra-day and inter-day variability of the low-,
medium- and high-concentration quality control samples.
The intra-day precision was verified by analyzing six
replicates of samples (No. 9) under optimal conditions
and by determining the relative standard deviation
(RSD%). The inter-day precision was also evaluated
with the sample, six times a day on three days, and
RSD% was calculated (Table 4).
3. Results
3.1. Chromatographic separation
In the present, we established the optimum chroma-
tographic conditions for the separation and determination
of the five flavonoid and three lignan compounds.
Results of the column screening system suggested that
an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column with a phosphoric
acid (aq) and acetonitrile mobile phase could provide
the most adequate separation based on peak symmetry,
retention of the primary component and number of
impurities present in the chromatogram.
Figure 2 shows a typical HPLC chromatogram of
standard solutions under specific conditions. The
maximum absorption wavelength of the three lignans was
at about 290 nm, while that for the other four flavonoids
(except for RS7) was at about 370 nm. The detection
wavelength was selected at 290 nm for RS1–RS3 and
379 Wang, A.H. et al. / J. Chin. Pharm. Sci. 2015, 24 (6), 376–382
Compound Standard curve R2 Linear range (μg/mL) LOD (μg/mL) LOQ (μg/mL)
RS1 y = 5.876x + 14.63 0.9993 6.54–3480 3.02 5.03
RS2 y = 7.100x + 44.33 0.9992 21.21–318.2 3.03 5.05
RS3 y = 3.098x – 5.318 0.9998 15.54–101.0 6.22 11.70
RS4 y = 30.05x – 24.04 0.9998 10.04–120.5 2.51 5.02
RS5 y = 41.55x – 17.29 0.9997 3.280–187.2 1.34 2.98
RS6 y = 44.30x – 3.870 1.0000 3.090–154.4 1.54 3.02
RS7 y = 10.29x + 417.5 0.9992 122.4–1836 5.56 10.20
RS8 y = 23.61x + 28.21 0.9998 3.530–120.0 1.77 2.82
Analytes RS1 RS2 RS3 RS4 RS5 RS6 RS7 RS8
Average recovery 99.67 101.60 98.90 98.29 99.86 100.40 101.00 100.30
RSD% 2.19 1.29 1.67 2.40 1.54 1.71 1.23 0.77
Analytes RS1 RS2 RS3 RS4 RS5 RS6 RS7 RS8
Inter-day (n = 6) 2.37 1.84 2.24 2.34 1.82 2.11 2.79 1.90
Intra-day (n = 6) 2.51 1.94 2.35 2.52 2.33 2.46 2.62 2.21
Table 2. Calibration curves, linearity, concentration ranges, LODs and LOQs for compounds 1–8
Table 3. Recoveries of eight analytes in the fruits of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (%, n = 6)
Table 4. Inter- and intra-day precision of the eight analytes (RSD%)
380 Wang, A.H. et al. / J. Chin. Pharm. Sci. 2015, 24 (6), 376–382
RS7 because a better absorption and sensitivity was
observed at this wavelength. The same principle applied
to RS4–RS6 and RS8, which resulted in the selection
of 370 nm as the detection wavelength.
Figure 2 shows the typical chromatograms of extraction
solution of the herbs from Sinopodophylli Fructus.
All eight compounds were well separated in the tested
samples.
3.2. Application
Peaks in the obtained chromatograms were identified
by comparing the retention time and UV spectra with
the standard data of reference substances. Retention
time for the peaks of RS5, RS6, RS1, RS3, RS8, RS2,
RS4 and RS7 was (16.3±0.1), (33.5±0.2), (39.3±0.15),
(45.1±0.3), (54.7±0.2), (60.7±0.2), (70.2±0.15) and
(88.2±0.25) min, respectively. Table 1 shows the contents
of the eight constituents in the measured samples, which
were calculated using the external standard method.
4. Discussion
In the present study, we determined the contents of eight
active compounds, podophyllotoxin (RS1), desoxypodo-
phyllotoxin (RS2), 4-demethyldesoxypodophyllotoxin
(RS3), 8-prenylkaemferol (RS4), quercetin (RS5),
Figure 2. HPLC chromatograms of eight compounds in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum. A) Standard mixture; B) Fruits of S. hexandrum; C) Roots
and rhizomes of S. hexandrum. A1, B1, C1: 290 nm; A2, B2, C2: 370 nm.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
t (min)
mAU
80
60
40
20
0
A1
mAU
80
60
40
20
0
B1
mAU
80
60
40
20
0
C1
mAU
80
60
40
20
0
A2
mAU
80
60
40
20
0
B2
mAU
80
60
40
20
0
C2
RS1
RS3
RS2
RS7
RS1
RS3
RS2
RS7
RS1
RS2
RS5
RS6
RS8
RS4
RS5
RS6
RS8
RS4
RS5 RS6
RS8
kaempferol (RS6), 8,2-diprenylquercetin 3-methyl ether
(RS7) and 8-prenylquercetin (RS8), in 17 samples,
including 12 fruits, 5 roots and rhizomes of Sino-
podophyllum hexandrum, by HPLC. It should be not-
ed that five flavonoids (RS4–RS8) in Sinopodophylli
Fructus were determined for the first time. Table 1
shows the results for the samples according to HPLC
detection. From the data, we found that the contents of
eight analytes in all determined samples varied from
medical parts to parts and from locality to locality.
For example, the five flavonoids and three lignans
compounds were extensively detected in the fruit part of
S. hexandrum, except that 8-prenylkaemferol was not
detected in sample No. 11. Moreover, RS7 accounted
for the highest levels (4.383–19.39 mg/g) among the
12 detected samples. Meanwhile, the content of RS2
took the second place in the 12 fruit samples. The total
amount of prenylflavonoids (RS4, RS7 and RS8) and
one lignan (RS3) in fruits was significantly higher than that
in roots and rhizomes. Through sample character obser-
vation, we found that sample No. 6 was not sufficiently
matured when collected, to some extent, resulting in
an obviously lower concentration of RS7 (4.383 mg/g).
At the same time, the concentration of RS4 and RS8 in
sample No. 6 was also lower than that in other fruit
samples. Therefore, we hypothesized that the state of
the fruit’s ripe degree might affect the content of prenyl-
flavonoids. The lack of 8-prenylkaemferol and kaempferol
(below LOQ) in sample No. 11 (purchased from Shannan,
Tibet) might be due to the geographic factor.
Only RS1, RS2, RS5, RS6 and RS8 were detectable
in the 5 collected roots and rhizomes samples. Besides,
RS8 was below the LOQ level, in other words, RS3, RS4
and RS7 were not detected in the underground parts. The
roots and rhizomes contained a much higher amount of
quercetin, kaempferol and podophyllotoxin compared
with fruits. Specially, the content of podophyllotoxin
(18.52–44.41 mg/g) in underground parts was 19 times
more than that in fruits. There were no significant
differences in RS2 between underground parts and fruits.
In summary, we noted that flavonoids with prenyl
group (RS4, RS7 and RS8) and RS3 were the major
constituents of Sinopodophylli Fructus, which were hardly
detected in roots and rhizomes. On the other hand, the
contents of RS5, RS6 and RS1 in roots and rhizomes
were much higher than those in fruits. These characters
could be equally used as important evidence in the
identification and quality control of S. hexandrum (between
fruits and underground parts).
5. Conclusions
In the present study, we simultaneously quantified
eight biological active components in Sinopodophyllum
hexandrum using a rapid and validated analytical method.
The newly established method provided an accurate and
simple procedure for both qualitative and quantitative anal-
yses of the biological active components in Sino-
podophyllum hexandrum. The results also showed that
prenylflavonoid compounds were the representative
constituents of Sinopodophylli Fructus. Among the prenyl-
flavonoids, 8,2-diprenylquercetin 3-methyl ether was
the major chemical constituent of Sinopodophylli Fructus,
and showed significant anti-breast cancer activity[6,16].
The contents of eight active compounds in fruits clearly
differed from those in roots and rhizomes, and these
differentiations of components could be used to identify
these two parts. In addition, our work also provided
valuable information for the research and development of
prenylated flavonoids in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the guiders providing the
crude drugs in the course of collecting samples. They
are Jiong Cao (Gannan Institute for Food and Drug
Control), Guifa Luo (Qinghai Provincial Institute for
Food and Drug Control), Yi Zhang (Chengdu University
of TCM), Yingtao Zhang (Peking University Health
Science Center), Bazhu Gesang (Tibetan’s Hospital of
Tibet Autonomous Region). Also, this work was supported
by National Key Technology R&D Program “New Drug
Innovation” of China (Grant No. 2009ZX09308-004,
2013ZX09103002-006).
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高效液相色谱法测定小叶莲中8种有效成分的含量
王蔼华1,2, 孔越3, 尚明英1*, 尤荣云4, 刘广学1, 徐风1, 蔡少青1
1. 北京大学医学部 药学院 天然药物学系, 北京 100191
2. 北京赛升药业股份有限公司, 北京 100176
3. 国家知识产权局 专利审查协作中心, 北京 100080
4. 青海民族大学, 青海 西宁 810007
摘要: 运用高效液相色谱法, 对藏药小叶莲中3种木脂素(鬼臼毒素、去氧鬼臼毒素和4-去甲去氧鬼臼毒素)和5种黄酮
类成分(8-异戊烯基山柰酚、槲皮素、山柰酚、8,2-二异戊烯基槲皮素3-甲醚、8-异戊烯基槲皮素)进行含量测定, 采用
Agilent Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱, 乙腈–0.05%的磷酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱; 流速1 mL/min; 柱温35 °C; 检测波长为
290 nm、370 nm。该方法呈现良好的稳定性: 日内、日间精密度的RSD值分别小于3%、4%。各对照品的线性及相关性
良好(R2≥0.9992), 加样回收率测定值在98.29%–101.60%之间。采用上述方法测定了12份小叶莲(桃儿七果实)和5份桃儿七
根及根茎中8种有效成分的含量。结果表明: 8种被测成分在所测样品中的含量差异明显(总含量值从16.90 mg/g到
55.68 mg/g之间不等), 同时发现异戊烯基黄酮类成分是小叶莲中的代表性成分, 可用于小叶莲的质量控制和鉴别研究。
关键词: 小叶莲; 高效液相色谱; 黄酮; 木脂素; 质量控制