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作 者 ：杨江山,张恩和*,黄高宝,张仁陟

期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 3期 页码：824~829

关键词：保护性耕作；轮作；土壤酶；土壤微生物；

Keywords:conservation tillage, rotation, soil enzyme, soil microbe,

摘 要 ：以传统耕作（T）为对照，研究了免耕（NT）和免耕+秸秆覆盖（NTS）保护性耕作对麦药轮作后土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性与细菌、真菌和放线菌数量的影响。试验结果表明：麦药轮作后，从T、NT至NTS， 0-5cm、5-10cm和10-30cm同层土壤各种酶活性均逐渐增强，以NTS处理效果最好。表层土壤水解酶活性变化最明显， NTS较T 菘蓝土壤表层脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性分别提高38.53%、39.65%和110.00%，小麦土壤分别提高28.10%、19.71%和75.00%，均对蔗糖酶活性影响最大；过氧化氢酶均为深层土壤变化最明显，菘蓝和小麦土壤分别提高9.09%和18.91%。麦药轮作后菘蓝T、NT至NTS同层土壤各种微生物数量和总数逐渐升高，NTS处理效果最好，而小麦土壤表层和中层微生物数量逐渐增加，NTS处理效果最好，但深层土壤细菌、真菌数量和微生物总数呈T低，NT升高，NTS又降低的趋势，土壤放线菌数量则逐渐升高。菘蓝0-5cm土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和微生物总数NTS较T分别提高22.81%、55.56%、67.14%和22.81%，小麦土壤分别提高62.84%、92.86%、14.29%和66.67%。麦药轮作后菘蓝不同耕作处理土壤细菌数量和微生物总数较小麦土壤减少了10倍左右。

Abstract:Effects of different tillage practices, i.e. T, NT and NTS, on soil microbes and soil enzyme activities are studied in wheat herb (Isatis indigotica Fort) rotations. The results show that conservation tillage improves soil enzyme activities in 0-5cm,5-10cm and 10-30cm layer after wheat herb rotation and NTS has the best effect. Compared with T, activities of urease, alkaline phosphatase and invertase of topsoil under NTS have increased by 38.53%, 39.65% and 110.00% respectively in herb soil, and by 28.10%,19.71% and 75.00% in wheat soil in respective. NTS has the biggest effect on invertase activity of topsoil, but the catalase activity of 10-30cm layer soil has increased most obviously. After wheat herb rotations, NTS has resulted in the biggest numbers of bacteria, fungi, and microbes at each layer in herb soil, followed by NT and T. In wheat soil, tillage practices have similar effects on soil microbes, except that soil in 10-30cm under NT has the biggest numbers of bacteria, fungi, and the largest total amount of microbes. In herb soil, the numbers of bacteria, fungi, invertase, and the total amount of microbes at 0-5cm under NTS are 22.81%, 55.56%, 6714% and 22.81% higher than those under T in respective, while in wheat soil, these indicators have been improved by 6284%, 92.86%, 14.29%, and 66.67% under T upon those under NTS. The numbers of bacteria and the total amount of microbes in herb soil have decreased by 10 times compared with those in wheat soil.

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