Characters of life cycle forms of Chelidonium majus populations in different habitats and their correlation to the contents of tannin, flavones and alkaloids in different organs
摘 要 ：运用主成分分析法，对不同生境条件下白屈菜植物生活史型相关的营养生长(vegetative growth，V)、有性生长(sexual growth，S) 和克隆生长(clonal growth，C)的主成分得分及比例进行定量计算，并以此为基础研究了生活史型特征参数及次生代谢产物单宁含量、黄酮含量与生物碱含量的相关关系，目的是为植物活性成分环境定向诱导培育提供实验依据。研究结果表明：（1)对于不同光照状况的全光照（空地）、70%光照（榆树林内）和40%光照下（白扦林内）的9个样地白屈菜生活史型划分发现，全光照下白屈菜种群生活史型为V0.34 S0.41 C0.25，为SV生活史型，空地为DE(Disturbed but still Excellent)生境；榆树林下和白扦林下的白屈菜生活史型分别可表示为V0.28 S0.38 C0.34和V0.27S0.40C0.33，均为SC生活史型，榆树林下和白扦林下为DF(Disturbed and Fragile)生境。（2) 白屈菜植株次生代谢产物(单宁、黄酮和生物碱)含量，空地均低于榆树林下和白扦林下生境。各样地白屈菜不同器官单宁含量：叶片﹥种﹥根﹥茎；黄酮含量：种﹥叶片﹥根﹥茎；生物碱含量：叶片﹥根﹥茎，各样地白屈菜茎和根的生物碱含量无明显差异，空地白屈菜叶片中生物碱含量低于榆树林下和白扦林下白屈菜植株59%～56.7%。（3) 白屈菜生活史型与次生代谢产物(单宁、黄酮和生物碱)含量相关性分析结果中，显著的线性关系显示，白屈菜次生代谢产物(单宁、黄酮和生物碱)含量与营养生长和有性生长成负相关，与克隆生长成正相关。实验结果表明，较于空地的DE生境，林(榆树和白扦)下的DF生境条件差，使白屈菜向C型转变，同时也促进了次生代谢产物(单宁、黄酮和生物碱)的积累。结果可以为野生植物的人工定向培育中生境选择和目的活性成分定向累积提供基于形态学的评价方法和理论。
Abstract:Chelidonium majus belongs to Papaveraceae family, and the whole plant can be used as a Chinese traditional herbal medicine. By using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, the characteristic parameters of the plant life cycle forms, i.e. PCA scores and proportions of Vegetative growth (V), Sexual growth (S) and Clonal growth (C) of Chelidonium majus populations at different habitats (including open land, a Ulmus pumila plantation and a Picea meyeri plantation) were quantitatively calculated, then the correlations between these characteristic parameters and the contents of alkaloids, tannin and flavonoids were analyzed in this paper. Our aim is to provide an experimental basis for the directionally inductive cultivations of Chinese herbs for getting an increase in its active substances. The results were as follows. (1) The plant life cycle forms of Chelidonium majus differed between habitats. when grown at full sun light at the open land was characterized as V0.34 S0.41 C0.25, which was a SV sub-form of the plant life cycle form, showing the habitat here was a DE (Disturbed but still Excellent) habitat for the growth of this herb; when grown in the Ulmus pumila and Picea meyeri plantations were characterized as V0.28 S0.38 C0.34 and V0.27 S0.40 C0.33, which were SC sub-form of the plant life cycle form, showing the habitat here were DF (Disturbed and Fragile) habitats for the growth of this herb. (2) The contents of secondary metabolites including tannin, flavonoids and alkaloids in Chelidonium majus in the open land were all lower than those in the Ulmus pumila and Picea meyeri plantations. The contents of tannin in different organs were leaves > seeds > roots > stems; the contents of flavonoids were seeds > leaves > roots > stems; the contents of alkaloids were leaves > roots > stems. There are no significant differences in the contents of alkaloids in stems and roots of Chelidonium majus in different habitats, the content of alkaloids in Chelidonium majus leaves in the open land was, respectively, 59% and 56.7% lower than those in the Ulmus pumila and Picea meyeri plantations. (3) There appeared significant linear correlation relationship between the plant life cycle forms of Chelidonium majus and the contents of tannin, flavonoids and alkaloids. The contents of secondary metabolites (tannin, flavonoids and alkaloids) of Chelidonium majus were negatively correlated with the Vegetative and Sexual growth, and positively correlated with the Clone growth. The results indicate the DF habitats in the Ulmus pumila and Picea meyeri plantations were poor comparing to DE habitat in the open land, which changed Chelidonium majus to C form and improved the accumulation of secondary metabolites (tannin, flavonoids and alkaloids). All these results can provide morphological methods and theory on evaluation for the habitat selection and directional accumulation of objective active components in the artificially directive breeding of wild plants.